• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
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• pp.153-156
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• 2002

The image labeling and classification is one of the important tasks for a content-based image retrieval and an image understanding. This paper propose a new technique to label and classify natural images with a color-spatial histogram and production rules. We show that our proposed method is very efficient for a natural image composed of a few regions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.3790-3803
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• 2018

Content-based image retrieval is an approach used to query images based on their semantics. Semantic based retrieval has its application in all fields including medicine, space, computing etc. Semantically generated binary hash codes can improve content-based image retrieval. These semantic labels / binary hash codes can be generated from unlabeled data using convolutional autoencoders. Proposed approach uses semi-supervised deep hashing with semantic learning and binary code generation by minimizing the objective function. Convolutional autoencoders are basis to extract semantic features due to its property of image generation from low level semantic representations. These representations of images are more effective than simple feature extraction and can preserve better semantic information. Proposed activation and loss functions helped to minimize classification error and produce better hash codes. Most widely used datasets have been used for verification of this approach that outperforms the existing methods.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.454-475
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• 2018

This paper presents a novel Android malware classification model planned to classify and categorize Android malicious code at Drebin dataset. The amount of malicious mobile application targeting Android based smartphones has increased rapidly. In this paper, Restricted Boltzmann Machine and Deep Belief Network are used to classify malware into families of Android application. A texture-fingerprint based approach is proposed to extract or detect the feature of malware content. A malware has a unique "image texture" in feature spatial relations. The method uses information on texture image extracted from malicious or benign code, which are mapped to uncompressed gray-scale according to the texture image-based approach. By studying and extracting the implicit features of the API call from a large number of training samples, we get the original dynamic activity features sets. In order to improve the accuracy of classification algorithm on the features selection, on the basis of which, it combines the implicit features of the texture image and API call in malicious code, to train Restricted Boltzmann Machine and Back Propagation. In an evaluation with different malware and benign samples, the experimental results suggest that the usability of this method---using Deep Belief Network to classify Android malware by their texture images and API calls, it detects more than 94% of the malware with few false alarms. Which is higher than shallow machine learning algorithm clearly.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2016

In face examinations, gender classification (GC) is one of several fundamental tasks. Recent literature on GC primarily utilizes datasets containing high-resolution images of faces captured in uncontrolled real-world settings. In contrast, there have been few efforts that focus on utilizing low-resolution images of faces in GC. We propose a GC method based on a pixel classifier boosting with modified census transform features. Experiments are conducted using large datasets, such as Labeled Faces in the Wild and The Images of Groups, and standard protocols of GC communities. Experimental results show that, despite using low-resolution facial images that have a 15-pixel inter-ocular distance, the proposed method records a higher classification rate compared to current state-of-the-art GC algorithms.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 내용기반 영상 분류를 위한 방법론으로써 신경망을 이용한 계층적 분류 방법을 제안한다. 분류 대상 영상은 인터넷상의 다양한 영상들 중에서 전경과 배경의 구분이 있는 객체 영상이다. 전처리 과정에서 영역 분할을 이용하여 영상 내에서 배경을 제거하고 객체 영역을 추출한다. 분류를 위한 특징으로는 웨이블릿 변환 후 추출된 형태 특징과 질감 특징을 이용한다. 추출된 특징 값들을 Principal Component Analysis(PCA)와 K-means를 이용해서 군집화 시키고 유사한 군집들을 묶으면서, 5단계의 계층적 분류기를 구성한다. 계층적 분류기는 BP를 학습 알고리즘으로 사용하는 59개의 신경망분류기로 구성된다. 배경을 제거하고 질감특징 중 가장 높은 분류율을 보이는 대각 모멘트를 사용하여 실험하였을 때, 100종류에서 각 10개씩, 총 1000개의 학습 데이터와 1000개의 테스트 데이터에 대하여 각각 81.5%와 75.1%의 정분류율을 보였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.1657-1664
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• 2004

We propose a method that classifies images into two object types man-made and natural objects. A central object is extracted from each image by using central object extraction method[1] before classification. A central object in an images defined as a set of regions that lies around center of the image and has significant color distribution against its surrounding. We define three measures to classify the object images. The first measure is energy of edge direction histogram. The energy is calculated based on the direction of only non-circular edges. The second measure is an energy difference along directions in Gabor filter dictionary. Maximum and minimum energy along directions in Gabor filter dictionary are selected and the energy difference is computed as the ratio of the maximum to the minimum value. The last one is a shape of an object, which is also represented by Gabor filter dictionary. Gabor filter dictionary for the shape of an object differs from the one for the texture in an object in which the former is computed from a binarized object image. Each measure is combined by using majority rule tin which decisions are made by the majority. A test with 600 images shows a classification accuracy of 86%.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.401-407
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• 2015

The increase of image spam, a kind of spam in which the text message is embedded into attached image to defeat spam filtering technique, is a major problem of the current e-mail system. For nearly a decade, content based filtering using text classification or machine learning has been a major trend of anti-spam filtering system. Recently, spammers try to defeat anti-spam filter by many techniques. Text embedding into attached image is one of them. We proposed an ontology spam filters. However, the proposed system handles only text e-mail and the percentage of attached images is increasing sharply. The contribution of the paper is that we add image e-mail handling capability into the anti-spam filtering system keeping the advantages of the previous text based spam e-mail filtering system. Also, the proposed system gives a low false negative value, which means that user's valuable e-mail is rarely regarded as a spam e-mail.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2010

본 논문은 문서 영상을 대상으로 표, 그림, 글자 등의 각 구성요소들을 자동으로 분류하기 위한 새로운 텍스쳐 기반의 영상 분할 및 분류 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 문서 영상 분할 단계와 문서 영상 내 구성요소 분류 단계로 이루어진다. 먼저 영상 분할을 수행한 후, 분할된 영역을 대상으로 문서 영상의 구성 요소들을 분류하는데, 이때 각 구성 요소는 서로 다른 텍스쳐를 가지고 있는 영역이라는 특징을 이용한다. 분할된 영역들을 분류하기 위한 텍스쳐 특징을 추출하기 위해 다양한 텍스쳐 분석에 광범위하게 사용되는 2차원 가보필터를 이용한다. 제안한 방법은 구성 요소와 사용 언어에 대한 사전 지식을 이용하지 않으면서 문서 영상의 분할 및 구성요소 분류에서 좋은 성능을 보인다. 제안한 방법은 멀티미디어 데이터 검색, 실시간 영상 처리 등과 같은 다양한 분야에 적용 될 수 있다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1786-1797
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• 2010

Automatic understanding of contents in document image is a very hard problem due to involvement with mathematically challenging problems originated mainly from the over-determined system induced by document segmentation process. In both academic and industrial areas, there have been incessant and various efforts to improve core parts of content retrieval technologies by the means of separating out segmentation related issues using semi-structured document, e.g., invoice,. In this paper we proposed classification models for text lines on invoice document in which text lines were clustered into the five categories in accordance with their contents: purchase order header, invoice header, summary header, surcharge header, purchase items. Our investigation was concentrated on the performance of machine learning based models in aspect of linear-discriminant-analysis (LDA) and non-LDA (logic based). In the group of LDA, na$\"{\i}$ve baysian, k-nearest neighbor, and SVM were used, in the group of non LDA, decision tree, random forest, and boost were used. We described the details of feature vector construction and the selection processes of the model and the parameter including training and validation. We also presented the experimental results of comparison on training/classification error levels for the models employed.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제10B권7호
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• pp.823-828
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• 2003

이 논문의 주요 목적은 내용을 기반으로 하는 이미지 검색에서 이미지 객체의 외형특징을 추출하는 방법을 제시하는 것이다. 대부분의 실질적인 객체들의 외형은 불규칙적이고, 이러한 객체를 수치화하기위한 일반적인 방법은 없다. 특히 전자 카타로그들은 상품들을 나타내는 많은 이미지를 포함하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 이미지 전체가 아닌 이미지내의 개별 객체들을 기반으로 특징을 추출하는 방법을 제시한다. 왜냐하면 제시된 방법은 한 이미지내에서 RLC lines을 사용하여 각 객체들의 외형을 기반으로하는 방법을 사용하기 때문이다. 실험결과는 일반적으로 가장 많이 사용하는 특징인 Texture와 비교를 했고 제시된 외형을 나타내는 변수들이 전자카타로그의 이미지 객체들을 뚜렷하게 나타냈고, 보다 정확하게 객체들을 분류하고 구별하였다.