• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.793-800
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• 2005

We isolated and identified microorganisms from the aerial environment of domestic museums. The fungi, Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp., and Cladosporium spp. were isolated in many museums. It seems that these fungi are related to biological degradation of textile remains. A total of 14 kinds of bacterial strains were isolated: Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Neisseria spp., Alcaligenes spp., Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp., Corynebacterium spp., Aerococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Citrobacter spp., Erwinia spp., Salmonella spp., and Providencia spp. Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Neisseria spp., and Alcaligenes spp. were the predominate bacteria found in samples with a variety of bacteria. This suggests that there is a relationship between bacteria and the damage of textile remains. In the museum, we isolated Alternaria spp, Geotrichum spp., Penicillium spp. Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Alcaligenes spp. from the entrance, exhibit hall and storage, but they were found in smaller number and species in the exhibit cases and paulownia cases. We concluded that paulownia cases were not influenced by the microorganisms because of quality of care provided by the museum staff. Corynebacterium spp., and Bacillus spp. were not detected at the entrance and exhibit hall but were detected in paulownia cases. It is presumed that those bacteria did not flow in from outside, but resulted from contaminants in paulownia cases. In the distribution of microorganisms associated with textile remains, more fungi were detected than bacteria. Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Neisseria spp., were isolated from silk items. Penicillium spp. and Cladosporium spp. were isolated in the silk and hump items. Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were isolated from the cotton items. On the other hands, there were no fungi strains in the wool items. Most of the isolated strains from textile remains were aerial microorganisms from the museum environment. These results suggest that textile remains were apt to contaminated by contact with the air.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.451-463
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• 2001

Following the extensive use of implant, the incidence of peri-implantitis increases. Guided bone regeneration has been used for the optimal treatment of this disease. Because implant surface was contaminated with plaque and calculus, cleaning and detoxification were needed for the reosseointegration when guided bone regeneration was performed. Various mechanical and chemical methods have been used for cleaning and detoxification of implant surface, air-powder abrasive and oversaturated citrate were known to be most effective among these methods. However, these methods were incomplete because these could not thoroughly remove bacteria of implant surface, moreover deformed implant surface. Recent studies for detoxification of the implant surface using laser were going on, $CO_2$ laser and Soft Diode laser were known to be effective among these methods. The purpose of this study was to obtain clinical guide by application these laser to implant surface. 15 experimental machined pure titanium cylinder models were fabricated. The $CO_2$ laser treatment under dry, wet and hydrogen peroxide condition or the Soft Diode laser treatment under Toluidine blue O solution condition was performed on the each of models. Each groups were examined with SPM and SEM to know whether their surface was changed. The results were as follows : 1. Surface roughness and surface form weren't changed when $CO_2$ laser was usedunder dry condition(P>0.05). 2. Surface roughness and surface form weren't changed when $CO_2$ laser was used under wet condition(P>0.05). 3. Surface roughness and surface form weren't changed when $CO_2$ laser was used under hydrogen peroxide condition(P>0.05). 4. Surface roughness and surface form weren't changed when Soft Diode laser was used under toluidine blue O solution condition(P>0.05). From the result of this study, it may be concluded that the $CO_2$ laser having relatively safe pulse mode and the Soft Diode laser used with photosensitizer can be used safely to treat peri-implantitis.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2001

This paper aims at surveying through case studies the planting possibility on the interval artificial ground between the bank and the core landfill of the first section of works in the SUDOKWON Landfill area landfill area which was completed, followed by the layer-on-layer landfill process involving the latch or sealing layer against emitting landfill gas from the reclaimed waste. The survey results are as follows; 1. The layers of the artificial planting ground on the landfill were established on the basis of top-on-top procedure for a waste layer, a topping soil layer (T=50cm), a gas blocking layer (broken stones T=30cm), a filter layer (non-woven fabric 700g), a sheet protecting soil layer (T=20cm), and a blocking layer (HDPE SHEET 2.0mm), an irrigation layer (SAND T=30cm), a filter layer (non-woven fabric 700g), a sheet protecting soil layer (T=20cm), and a blocking layer (HDPE SHEET 2.0mm), an irrigation layer (SAND T=30cm), a filter layer (non-woven fabric 700g), a planting layer (T=90cm+), a top mound (T=2m). 2. Since no direct damage on the planting layer affected by the landfill gas was detected, planting is found to be still possible and successful except the severely unequal subsidence portion. 3. The mortality rate is discovered different on different trees: Pinus thunbergii (H3.0$\times$W1.0m) 11.25%, Pinus thunbergii (H2.5$\times$W0.8m) 4.73%, Koelreuteira paniculata 8.67%, Hibiscus syriacus 5.68%, Deutzia parviflora 6.50%, Forsythia koreana 8.17%, Rho. yedoense v. poukhanese 32.22%, and Spiraea pru v. symplicifolia 18.89%; although the last two of which are generally considered to have a strong generic growing character, they are subject to be weakened when exposed to the contaminated microclimate of the site like landfill gas. 4. The damage rates, on Pinus thunbergii, Koelreuteria paniculata, Hibiscus syracus, Forsythia koreana, Deutzia parviflora, Rho. yedoense v. poukhanense were shown to decrease to 7.31-17.69% in the second check (June 2000) lower than 5.77-46.92% in the first examination (June 1999), whereas the damage on Spiraea pru v. symplicifolia relatively increased. It is believed that preparatory method of the air pollution, change of temperature, odor by emitting landfill gas, and minute dust from vehicles should be made, and a research on this matter will be conducted in the near future.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2014

The amount of TPH contaminated soil treated at off-site remediation facilities is ever increasing. For the recycle of the treated-soil on farmlands, it is necessary to restore biological and physico-chemical soil characteristics and to remove residual TPH in the soil by an economic polishing treatment method such as phytoremediation. In this study, a series of experiments was performed to select suitable plant species and to devise a proper planting method for the phyto-restoration of TPH-treated soil. Rye (Secale cereale) was selected as test species through a germination test, among 5 other plants. Five 7-day-old rye seedlings were planted in a plastic pot, 20 cm in height and 15 cm in diameter. The pot was filled with TPH-treated soil (residual TPH of 1,118 mg/kg) up to 15 cm, and upper 5 cm was filled with horticulture soil to prevent TPH toxic effects and to act as root growth zone. The planted pot was cultivated in a greenhouse for 38 days along with the control that rye planted in a normal soil and the blank with no plants. After 38 days, the above-ground biomass of rye in the TPH-treated soil was 30.6% less than that in the control, however, the photosynthetic activity of the leaf remained equal on both treatments. Soil DHA (dehydrogenase activity) increased 186 times in the rye treatment compared to 10.8 times in the blank. The gross TPH removal (%) in the planted soil and the blank soil was 34.5% and 18.4%, respectively, resulting in 16.1% increase of net TPH removal. Promotion of microbial activity by root exudate, increase in soil permeability and air ventilation as well as direct uptake and degradation by planted rye may have contributed to the higher TPH removal rate. Therefore, planting rye on the TPH-treated soil with the root growth zone method showed both the potential of restoring biological soil properties and the possibility of residual TPH removal that may allow the recycle of the treated soil to farmlands.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2021

There is domestic Soil Contamination Warning Standard (SCWS) as remediation standard concentration of contaminated soils. No risk should be observed at soil concentration less than SCWS. Therefore, SCWS was evaluated to confirm the risk assessment. Background Concentration of Soil (BGC) and target remediation concentration were also assessed. The results show that Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) of SCWS was the highest in the groundwater intake pathway (Adult: 6.27E-04, Child: 2.81E-04). Total Cancer Risk (TCR) was 7.76E-04 and 4.30E-04 for adult and child, exceeding reference value (10^-6). Hazard Quotient (Non-Carcinogenic Risk, HQ) was the highest in the indoor air inhalation pathway (Adult: 3.64E+03, Child: 8.74E+02). Hazard Index (Total Non-Carcinogenic Risk, HI) exceeded reference value 1. ECR of the BGC was the highest in the groundwater intake pathway (Adult: 1.71E-04, Child: 7.67E-05). TCR was 2.12E-04 for adults and 1.17E-04 for children, exceeding the reference value (10^-6). HQ was the highest in groundwater intake pathway (Adult: 4.10E-01, Child: 1.84E-01). HI was lower than reference value 1 (Adult: 4.78E-01, Child: 2.50E-01). The heavy metal affecting ECR was Arsenic (As). The remediation-concentration of As was 7.14 mg/kg which is higher than BGC (6.83 mg/kg). TCR of As should be less than reference value (10^-6), but it was higher for all of SCWS, BGC and target remediation concentration. Therefore, it is suggested that risk assessment factors should be re-evaluated to fit domestic environmental settings and SCWS should be induced to satisfy the risk assessment.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2009

2008년 1월에 대구지하철 1호선 총 30개 역사에 대해 각 역사별로 공기여과장치에서 포집된 먼지를 채취하여 100 ${\mu}m$ 이하로 체거름하고 산추출한 후 ICP로 14개 원소를 분석하였다. 농축계수를 이용한 미량원소성분의 발생원을 평가한 결과, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, V 성분은 암석풍화, 토양재비산 등과 관련된 자연적인 발생원의 영향을 받았고, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn 성분은 연료연소, 폐기물소각 등과 관련된 인위적인 발생원의 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 미량원소성분의 농도는 자연적인 발생원에서 유래되는 성분이 높았고, 인위적인 발생원에서 유래되는 성분이 낮았다. 인위적인 발생원 성분의 기여도는 실내먼지가 실외먼지에 비해 높았다. 오염지수를 이용한 중금속성분의 오염도를 평가한 결과, 실내먼지는 실외먼지에 비해 중금속으로부터 오염된 것으로 추정되었다. 미량원소성분의 상관성을 분석한 결과, 실내와 실외먼지에서 공통적으로 자연적-인위적발생원 성분간, 인위적-인위적발생원 성분간, 자연적-자연적발생원 성분간의 순으로 유의하게 양호하였다. 그리고 실외먼지는 실내먼지에 비해 미량원소성분간의 유의한 상관성이 많았다. 또한 지하깊이, 이용객수, 실외먼지 등이 실내먼지의 성분에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 실내먼지는 지하깊이나 이용객수의 영향보다는 실외먼지의 직접적인 영향을 많이 받고 있는 것으로 추정되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1426-1434
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• 2008

본 시험은 혐기성 박테리아, 효모 및 곰팡이로 제조한 Synbiotics를 TMR에 첨가하여 발효시킨 후, 개봉하여 공기에 노출시킨 기간에 따른 보존성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 처리구는 무처리 대조구인 US구, 혐기성 박테리아와 prebiotic으로 만든 BS구, 혐기성 효모와 prebiotic로 구성된 YS구, 혐기성 곰팡이와 prebiotic으로 구성된 MS구, 혐기성 박테리아와 혐기성 곰팡이 그리고 prebiotic로 만든 BMS구, 혐기성 효모와 혐기성 곰팡이 그리고 prebiotics 로 만든 YMS구, 혐기성 박테리아와 혐기성 효모 그리고 prebiotics로만든 BYS구, 마지막으로 혐기성 박테리아, 효모 그리고 곰팡이 복합물과 prebiotics로 구성된 BMYS구로서 총 8 처리구로 나누었다. 개봉 후 노출 기간(1, 3, 5, 7, 14 및 21일)별 3반복으로 총 144개의 bag을 공시사료로 제조하였다. CMCase, xylanase 및 amylase의 평균 활성은 통계적 유의차는 없었으나 효모가 첨가된 BYS구 및 YMS구에서 좋은 편이었고, 총 세균수에서도 효모가 첨가된 구(YMS, BYS)에서, 곰팡이 수에서도 효모 첨가구(YMS, BMYS, BYS)에서 낮은 경향이었다. 병원성 균인 E. coli는 BYS구와 BMYS구, Salmonella균은 BMYS구와 YS구, 그리고 Shigella 균은 BMS와 BMYS구에서 대체로 낮았으나, MS구에서는 대조구보다도 모든 병원균에 더 많이 오염된 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들을 살펴볼때, 혐기성 효모 첨가구(BYS, YMS, BMYS)가 저장성에서 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 모든 미생물을 혼합한 BMYS구에서 영양소 함량과 건물 감량 및 병원성균 수 등에서 좋은 결과를 나타내어 혐기발효 TMR의 보존에 유리할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.185-193
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• 1992

대기오염에 따른 Pb의 함량변화 차이를 구명하기 위하여 대기형 오염물질 방출지역으로 장항 제련소 인근지역의 논 토양을 표$\cdot$심토로 구분하여 1982년도에 표토와 심토로 구분하여 채취한 것과 1990년도에 채취한 토양시료 및 1990년도의 토양시료채취 지역에서 재배된 수도체 시료중 Pb함량을 분석하여 그 변화요인을 추적 분석하였다. 제련소 인근지역의 토양 중 Pb함량은 10.3-644.8 mg $kg^{-1}$였고, 평균함량은 90년 토양이 82년도 토양보다 높았으며, 82년도 표토 중 Pb함량은 90년도 표토 중 Pb함량과 유의성 있는 상관을 나타냈다. 배연의 중심으로 부터 동쪽 방향이 거리별 Pb함량 변화가 뚜렷 하였고, 그 정도는 동쪽 > 북북동 > 북동 > 북쪽 순으로 작아졌다. 또한 배연에 의한 오염반경은 동쪽, 북북동 및 북동에서 3km 였다. 이 지역의 토양 중 Pb함량은 토양의 유기물함량, 유효규산, CEC, 치환성 $Ca^{++}$, $Mg^{++}$과 $Na^+$ 함량, 토양 중 Cd 및 Zn 함량과 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었고, 시료로 채취한 수도체의 부위에 따른 Pb함량 차이가 있었다. 현미중 Pb함량은 제련소 인근 지역의 경우 2.2-9.0mg $kg^{-1}$이었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2009

Hot tub lung은 NTM, 주로 MAC에 오염된 온수에 노출 후 폐에 감염 또는 과민반응이 유발되어 발생하는 폐 질환으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 같은 대중목욕탕에서 목욕관리사로 일하던 중 발생한 hot tube lung 환자 2명을 경험하여 보고하는 바이다. 2명의 여성(60세와 53세)이 수개월 전부터 운동성 호흡곤란 및 기침이 발생하여 병원에 내원하였다. 환자들은 수년 전부터 같은 대중목욕탕에서 목욕관리사로 일하고 있었다. 가슴 CT에서 양측 폐에 미만성 간유리 음영과 공기포획 및 경계가 불분명한 소엽중심성 미세결절이 관찰되었다. 폐 조직검사에서 폐 실질에 작은 비건락성 육아종들이 관찰되었고 인접한 폐포들은 비교적 정상소견을 보였다. 환자들은 항결핵제 치료 없이 대중목욕탕 근무를 중단한 것 만으로 증상과 방사선 소견이 호전되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제83권4호
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• pp.460-472
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• 1994

본 연구는 산림생태계(山林生態系)의 산성우(酸性雨)에 대한 민감성(敏感性)과 자정능력(自淨能力)을 분석(分析) 평가(評價)하므로서 도시내 또는 인접지역에 존재하는 삼림(森林)을 생태학적(生態學的)으로 건강하게 관리(管理)할 수 있는 기초 자료를 제공하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 공단지역 1개소, 상업지역 4개소, 주택지역 4개소와 외곽지역 5개소에서 강우를 조사, 측정하였고, 강우조사 장소에 인접해 있는 7개 산림지역을 선정하여 토양조사를 실시하였다. 또한 Landsat TM 데이타를 이용한 변환식생지수(TVI)로 산림 지역별 식생활력도를 분석하였다. 대전지역은 여러가지 대기(大氣) 오염물질(汚染物質)에 의해 심각하게 오염되어 있었고, 강우내 이온농도의 평균은 $SO_4{^{2-}}$ 20.16mg/l, $NO_3{^-}$ 3.65mg/l, $Cl^-$ 3.09mg/l로 나타났다. 오염물질(汚染物質) 총강하량(總降下量)은 음이온의 경우 $SO_4{^{2-}}$가 $1.09mg/m^2/month$, $NO_3{^-}$는 $0.23mg/m^2/month$, $Cl^-$가 $0.20mg/m^2/month$이었다. 양이온의 경우는 $Ca^{2+}$이 $0.14mg/m^2/month$, $NH_4{^+}$은 $0.10mg/m^2/month$이었고 $Na^+$, $K^+$와 $Mg^{2+}$는 각 각 0.08, 0.07 및 $0.08mg/m^2/month$이었다. 대전지역에서 가장 오염이 심한 지역은 공단지역으로 강우내 $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$, $Cl^-$의 농도가 각각 43.08, 3.88, 3.64ppm이었으며, 산림토양(山林土壤) 평균 pH는 4.16-4.94로 강산성(强酸性)이었다. 식생활력도(TVI)는 당산 3.11, 계족산 4.00, 보문산 4.13, 갑하산 4.18, 봉산 3.34, 식장산 4.13, 성치산 4.20으로 공단지역에 인접되어 있는 당산지역에서 식생활력도가 가장 낮게 나타났다.