• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2014

The potential ability of Button mushroom compost (BMC) to solubilize heavy metals was estimated with metal contaminated soils collected from abandoned mines of Boryeong area in South Korea. The bacterial strains in BMC were isolated for investigating the mobilization of metals in soil or plant by the strains and identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. When metal solubilization potential of BMC was assessed in a batch experiment, the BMC was found to be capable of solubilizing metals in the presence of metals (Co, Pb and Zn) and the results showed that inoculation of BMC could increase the concentrations of water soluble Co, Pb and Cd by 35, 25 and 45% respectively, than those of non-inoculated soils. BMC-assisted growth promotion and metal uptake in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) was also evaluated in a pot experiment. In comparison with non-inoculated seedlings, the inoculation led to increase the growth of H. annuus by 27, 25 and 28% respectively in Co, Pb and Zn contaminated soils. Moreover, enhanced accumulation of Co, Pb and Zn in the shoot and root systems was observed in inoculated plants, where metal translocation from root to the above-ground tissues was also found to be enhanced by the BMC. The apparent results suggested that the BMC could effectively be employed in enhancing phytoextraction of Co, Pb and Zn from contaminated soils.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2014

In this study washing efficiency and desorption isotherms for heavy petroleum oil (HPO), Zn, and Pb bound to complex contaminated soils were examined using various soil flushing agents. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), methanol, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and citric acid were selected as soil flushing agents. 3% (w/v) and 4% SDS showed the highest removal efficiency for HPO, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Thus, 3% SDS was chosen as the best soil flushing agent for HPO. In the case of heavy metals, 0.1-M EDTA showed the highest removal efficiencies. But 0.05-M citric acid was selected due to its economic and eco-friendly strengths. The desorption isotherms obtained using Freundlich and Langmuir models indicated that the maximum desorption characteristics ($K_F$ and $Q_{max}$) of HPO with 4% SDS and 90% methanol and heavy metals with 0.1-M EDTA and 0.1-M citric acid, respectively, were markedly lower than in other cases. In addition, when 4% SDS and 90% methanol were used for HPO in the range of $C_e$ higher than 600 mg/L, and when 0.1M citric acid and 0.1M EDTA were used for Zn and Pb in the range of $C_e$ higher than 300 and 100 mg/L, respectively, the distribution constant converged to certain levels. Thus, constant values of $K_U$ and $K_L$ were determined. It was found that these constants represent the maximum desorption capacity and they can be used as distribution coefficients of desorption equilibrium for the flushing agents. The results of this study provided fundamental information for the selection of the best agents as well as for the process design and operation of soil washing/soil flushing of complex contaminated soils.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Soil contamination of As is a very sensitive environmental issue due to its adverse impact on human health and different characteristics with other heavy metals. With public awareness of As poisoning, there has been growing interest in developing guideline and remediation technologies for As-contaminated soil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of stabilizing amendments and soil dressing methods on the mobility of As in the contaminated rice paddy soils nearby mining area. METHODS AND RESULTS: Different amendments were mixed with surface and subsurface contaminated soils at a ratio of 3% (w/w) and monitored for five months. Three different extractants including 0.01M $CaCl_2$, TCLP, and PBET were used to examine As bioavailability in the soil and the concentration of As in rice grain was also measured with an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. The results showed that all amendment treatments decreased As concentration compared to the control. Especially, coal mine drainage sludge (CMDS) treatment showed the highest efficiency of decreasing As concentration in the soil and rice grain. The values of Pearson correlation (r) between As concentrations in the soil and rice grain were 0.782, 0.753, and 0.678 for $CaCl_2$, TCLP, and PBET methods, respectively. Especially, $CaCl_2$ method was highly correlated between As concentrations of the soil and soil solution (r=0.719), followed by TCLP (r=0.706), PBET (r=0.561) methods. CONCLUSION: Stabilizing amendments can effectively reduce available As concentration in the soils as well as soil solution, and thereby potentially mitigating risks of crop contamination by As.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2021

This study has evaluated the stabilization of As contaminated paddy and cultivated soils by pot experiments for rice and lettuce. Various ratios of limestone (L) and steel slag (S) were mixed with the soils in each pot. The soils were taken from before and after pot experiments, and analyzed for As extracted by sequentially (Wenzel method) and totally (aqua regia method).. Paddy soils amended with L (0.5%) and L (1.0%) + S (1.0%) showed increasing fraction 2 (specifically bound As) compared with control soil. Arsenic concentrations in rice grain grown on the amended soils decreased 14% and 12% compared with those on the control soil, respectively. According to sequential extraction of As in cultivated soils, the fractions 1~3 were decreased due to stabilization of As by the soil amendment, especially for S (1.0%), S (3.0%) and L (1.0%) + S (1.0%). In addition, relatively low As concentrations were found in lettuce grown on amended soils with L (0.5%) and L (1.0%) + S (1.0%). Therefore, it can be suggested that soil amendments with L (0.5%) or L (1.0%) + S (1.0%) were suitable for enhancing stabilization of As in the study area.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2011

The allelopathic effects of Lantana camara L. (Family:Verbenaceae) on germination and seedling establishment of some agricultural crops and weed species have been identified. Aqueous extracts of dry leaves and contaminated soil where L. camara is grown were used to verify allelopathic effect on seed germination of five bioassay species; Raphanus sativas, Capsicum annum, Lycopersicum esculantem, Crotalaria juncia and Chromoleana odorata. Fifty seeds from each bioassay species were placed in a petri dish containing leaf extracts or contaminated soil, and seed germination were examined after 3 days. The plant house experiments were carried out to evaluate the impact of L. camara contaminated soil and leaf debris using L. esculantem as the indicator plant. Seed germination of L. esculentem, C. junica and Capsicum annum was significantly inhibited by L. camara contaminated soil. However, the degree of inhibition varied among the bioassay species. The aqueous extract of dry leaves of L. camara was highly phytotoxic and it significantly reduced seed germination of all bioassay species. There was a decline in plant height, leaf area and shoot dry weight of tomato only in early growth stages when grown in L. camara contaminated soils. However, incorporation of leaf debris into soil affected the vegetative growth of tomato in early stages when the leaf debris concentration was increased. Growth recovered at the latter part of the life cycle. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that the allelochemicals in L. camara contaminated soils are harmful to the seed germination of crop species. The adverse effect was present only during the early growth stages and it did not suppress the latter part of the plant growth. These responses are attributed to allelopathic effects which need confirmation under field conditions.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1999

4종류의 서로 다른 납 처리시설 주변토양과 인위적으로 납을 오염시킨 토양에서 토양 내에 존재하는 주요 양이온과 토양 질량 대 EDTA 용액부피 비 및 납과 EDTA의 정량비(stoichiometric ratio)가 EDTA를 사용한 납 추출에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 납 오염토양으로부터의 납 추출은 EDTA용액 부피 대 토양 질량 비를 3$m\ell$/g까지 감소시켜도 영향을 받지 않았으며 단지 용액 내에 존재하는 EDTA의 몰수에 의존하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 각각의 토양에 대한 납 추출효과는 서로 다른 독립적인 경향을 보였으며 납 광산시설 주변토양을 제외하고는 다량의 EDTA가 유입되면 모든 납이 추출되었다. 이러한 결과는 Fe, Cu. Zn, Al과 같은 토양 내에 존재하는 주요 양이온이 EDTA 의 ligand site에 반응하기 위하여 Pb와 경쟁하기 때문인 것으로 추정되어진다. 납 추출을 위한 EDTA의 도입은 여러 음이온 용해도의 증가를 동반하여 토양내 금속의 용해도를 증가하는 결과를 나타내었으며 용해되어진 금속의 양은 유입된 EDTA 몰수에 최대 20배에 이루는 것으로 나타났다. 납오염된 토양에서의 EDTA를 이용한 납 추출은 토양내의 주요 양이온, 납의 종류(species)및 납의 결합 형태와 위치에 의하여 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며 이러한 영향이 복합적으로 작용할 때에는 EDTA의 납 추출효과가 현저히 감소하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2002

본 연구는 디젤의 오염기간 및 토성이 콤포스팅 처리효율에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 실시하였다. 오염경과기간은 15일과 60일로 하였으며 대조실험으로 오염직후의 토양실험도 실시하였다. 연구에 사용된 토양은 실트질양토와 사토이었으며 대상오염물질은 디젤오일이었다. 초기오염농도는 건조질량기준으로 약 10,000mgTPH/kg으로 하였으며, 수분은 각 토성의 수분보유능력의 70%로 조절하였다. 유기물질 보충 및 미생물식종의 목적으로 하수슬러지를 첨가하였으며 토양대 슬러지 혼합비율은 습윤질량비로 1:0.3이었다. 휘발된 TPH양은 초기농도의 0.9-1.8%정도로써 디젤오염토양의 콤포스팅 적용시 디젤은 주로 생물학적인 요인에 의하여 제거되었다. 휘발에 의하여 손실되는 n-alkanes들은 대부분 C10~C17의 성분들이었으며, 특히 C10~C14까지의 성분들이 C15 이상의 성분들보다 휘발이 많이 되었다. 사토의 TPH에 대한 1차반응 분해속도상수 k값은 0.081-0.094/day로 실트질양토의 0.056-0.061/day보다 약 1.5배 정도 높았다. 오염경과기간의 영향을 살펴보면, 60일까지의 오염경과기간으로는 TPH 분해효율의 뚜렷한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 이산화탄소회수율은 0.61-0.89이었으며, TPH분해량과 이산화탄소발생량과의 상관계수는 0.90-0.96의 범위에 있었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

개발사업과 산업발달로 인하여 발생되는 유해화학물질과 유류사용량이 늘면서 화학물질과 유류를 저장하는 지하저장탱크에서의 오염물질 유출로 토양 및 지하수 오염이 심각해지고 있다. 또한, 산업지역, 공장지대가 밀집된 매립 지반에서는 투수계수가 낮아 오염물질 추출에 한계가 있다. 이러한 문제해결 방안의 하나로 연약지반 개량공법에서 사용되고 있는 연직배수재를 이용하여 기존의 복원기술인 토양세정공법의 효율을 증진시킨 연직배수시스템에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 오염된 지반의 복원을 목적으로 사용한 연직배수시스템의 적용성 평가를 위하여 오염토양 복원시 오염지반에 영향을 주는 인자에 대한 유효성 등을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 연직배수시스템의 적용성을 위하여 오염토양 복원시 오염지반에 영향을 주는 인자에 대한 공학적 특성을 바탕으로 파일럿 규모의 실내 오염복원 실험을 통한 오염물질의 복원효율 등을 분석하였다. 또한, 염화나트륨을 복원실험의 추적자로 사용하였고, 도출된 결과를 바탕으로 SEEP/W와 CTRAN/W 유한요소해석 프로그램을 이용하여 압력수두와 지속시간에 따른 농도변화, 각각의 지반조건에 대한 복원률의 오염물질 흐름 해석을 통한 유효성을 평가하였다. 결과, 오염지반의 투수계수는 흐름속도와 연직배수재를 통한 추출률과 관계되며, 흐름속도와 추출률은 분산지수에 영향을 미치게 되어 결국 원위치 오염복원 과정시 중요한 역할을 하게 된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2009

Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a chemical wood preservative that has been intensively used to protect wood from decay during the last few decades. CCA is widely used to build structures such as decks, fences, playgrounds and boardwalks. However, structures constructed of CCA-treated wood have caused adverse environmental effects due to leaching of Cr, Cu and As into surrounding soils. This research was conducted to monitor the vertical and horizontal distribution of Cr, Cu and As in soils adjacent to CCA-treated wood structures in Korea. Two structures constructed with CCA-treated wood were selected at Hongcheon and Chuncheon in Gangwon Province, South Korea. Eleven soil profile samples were collected at depths of 0 to 80 cm at each site, while 12 surface soil samples were collected at distances of 0 to 200 cm from each structure. The soil chemical properties, soil particle size distribution and total metal concentrations were then determined. The results revealed that soils near CCA-treated wood structures were generally contaminated with Cr, Cu and As when compared to the background concentration of each metal. In addition, the concentrations of Cr, Cu and As in soils decreased as the vertical and horizontal distance from the structure increased. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the mobility and distribution of these metals in the environment as well as to develop novel technologies for remediation of CCA contaminated soils.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Metal contamination of farmlands nearby abandoned mines is a serious environmental problem. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of stabilizers on different type of the soils contaminated with metals. METHODS AND RESULTS: The texture of silt loam soil initially contaminated with heavy metal was artificially adjusted to loam and sandy loam by adding sand, and the soil organic matter content (1.5%) was also altered by adding peat to the soils at 3.5 and 8.0%. The soils were mixed with 3% (w/w) of each limestone, dolomite, and steel slag. For the soils with different textures, the bioavailability of As was found to be the lowest in sandy loam compared to others metals such as Cu, Pb, and Zn. The efficacy of limestone and dolomite was not significantly different compared to the soils having different organic matter contents, but the stabilization efficiency of steel slag increased as the soil organic matter content increased. Moreover, stabilizers showed inhibition effect on the uptake of metals to plant. CONCLUSION: The stabilizers were found as effective materials to immobilize metals in soil and to decrease plant uptake of metals. Studies are needed to deeply elucidate the interaction between influencing factors and various stabilizers.