• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.179-196
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• 2021

Port congestion rate at Busan Port has increased for three years. Port congestion causes container reconditioning, which increases the dockyard labor's work intensity and ship owner's waiting time. If congestion is prolonged, it can cause a drop in port service levels. Therefore, this study proposed an anomaly detection method using ARIMA(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) model with the daily volume data from 2013 to 2020. Most of the research that predicts port volume is mainly focusing on long-term forecasting. Furthermore, studies suggesting methods to utilize demand forecasting in terms of port operations are hard to find. Therefore, this study proposes a way to use daily demand forecasting for port anomaly detection to solve the congestion problem at Busan port.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2019

Several studies have been completed on the topic of container terminals in Northern Vietnam. Few of them, however, deal with competition in terms of costs related to vessel waiting time or cargo handling. This paper estimates the average waiting cost per TEU for all the container terminals in Northern Vietnam. After average waiting time was first estimated by applying queuing theory, uncertainty theory was applied to estimated vessel daily cost. A simulation was performed to create a series of data representing waiting cost per TEU in relation to the rate of volume handled/capacity of each terminal. Non-linear regression based on this series was used to present a function for the relationship between the average waiting cost of each terminal and the rate of volume handled /capacity.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.313-322
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• 1999

Pusan the principal port of South Korea, has opened its door since 1876. Currently, the four-stage port construction project is under way to handle ever-growing marine transportation volume. While the port unloading capabilities are increasing the infrastructure to deal with all the transportation volume failed to catch up with them. Accordingly the city had to suffer from worst traffic congestion on due to the increasing container traffic volume causing logistical costs to rise. This study was designed to inspect the enforcement of infrastructure construction plan and suggest systematical and effective ways to improve the plan. The study focused on :\circled1The decision-making procedure, \circled2Financial resource for the plan, \circled3Effectiveness of the project enforcement, and \circled4Who will be in charge of the project. As a result from the study, these followings were suggested to improve the plan. First, Pusan Port Infrastructure consisting of (Inter-city Free way, Belt Highway and Outer Highway) should be immediately legally-regulation project. Second, the method to finance the project should be deter-mined and investment consultation among the central government the city government and private sector should be also made. Measures to make the central government budget allocation for the project mandatory should be discussed. Third, Effectiveness of the project can be doubled by gradually or partialyl opening the routes based on long-term or short-term operating plans. Fourth, The organizer of the project should be appointed, or a special task-force team in charge of the plan can be formed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.91-92
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• 2013

With development of port industry, inland transportation was also the developed. Connecting port with inland becomes more and more important. So studies about cargo flow from ports to regions are actively in progress. But freight statistics from regional to national has a problem that do not comprehend exactly with freight flow. Also these statistics don't reflect characteristics of multimodal transportation system. The objective of this paper is to analyze freight flow of container with the introduction of P/C and rebuilding freight statistics from regional to national scale.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.11-30
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• 2017

In addition to recession, world shipping companies are undergoing restructuring due to excess of "World Container Cargo volume" per "World Containership capacity" (in TEU terms). This excess is attributed to the absence of standard index of calculating the "World Containership capacity" (in TEU terms) for "World Container Cargo volume." The purpose of this study is to develop indices and terms: "World Containership capacity (in TEU terms) Standards Index; WCSI" and "World Containership capacity (in TEU terms) Expected Index; WCEI." The comparison between "WCSI" and "WCEI" made in this study is presented below. WCSI (Average voyage 9.3) > WCEI Excess shipping (in TEU terms) WCSI (Average voyage 9.3) = WCEI Optimum shipping (in TEU terms) WCSI (Average voyage 9.3) < WCEI Short shipping (in TEU terms) WCSI=HRCI $1000{\pm}150$ Value approx. The study shows that it is possible to predict "optimal supply of the world's containership capacity" (in TEU terms), "excess or shortage of shipping" (in TEU terms), "order time of container-ship capacity building" (in TEU terms), "order quantity of containership capacity" (in TEU terms), and "stable of World Shipping Companies" by "WCSI" and "WCEI." The development of "WCSI" and "WCEI" aim to help overcome the crisis of recession by establishing effective business strategies for world shipping companies and their supporting companies.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.169-186
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• 2019

This study suggests a development direction by comparing the cargo throughput of the port of Yeosu-Gwangyang during 2007-2015 with that of domestic ports. It derived a concentration index (HHI) of cargo throughput in domestic ports by Yeosu-Gwangyang port docks, shipping companies, and abroad regions. The main results were as follows. First, in terms of total cargo handled, the port of Yeosu-Gwangyang was second only to the port of Busan, and the HHIs for the past nine years were relatively low. Second, the port of Yeosu-Gwangyang ranked first for total import and export cargo throughput, showing relatively stable HHIs from 2007 to 2015. Third, the HHIs of container handling performance by national shipping companies showed stable levels below 1,800. Fourth, there were no regions where cargo volume was noticeably concentrated in the port of Yeosu-Gwangyang, and it showed cargo throughput across various abroad regions. While changes in national shipping companies are expected after the Hanjin Shipping Crisis, there should be no serious concern regarding the dependence of the port of Yeosu-Gwangyang. It is expected to develop further by realizing the full use of all its facilities, diversifying the tenants in the Yeosu-Gwangyang area, and improving the demurrage rate.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2010

This paper focuses on measuring the efficiency of container yards in container terminals in Busan and Gwangyang using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. It analyses the relative efficiency of 11 container terminals based on the data for the period between 2006 and 2009 to offer a fresh perspective. The applied framework assumes inputs to be container cranes, transtainer cranes and yard tractors and output as container transshipment volume. Through the analysis, the differences between the impact of using of container cranes, transtainer cranes and yard tractors, top handler & reach stacker on container yard efficiency are measured. Moreover, the associations between the three input factors are analyzed as well. This paper also employs heteroscedastic Tobit model to show the impact of explanatory variables on container yard efficiencies. I took into consideration the strategies for operation of container cranes, transtainer cranes and yard tractors in container yard.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.3 s.109
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• pp.203-209
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• 2006

Maritime transport has been occupying the biggest part of the container transportation market. With regard to container terminal management, the planning technology and the space allocation system on the yard are very significant factors to secure the stability of ship and to ensure the reliability of schedules of ship throughout keeping barycenter of vessel by right loading and fast handling of cargoes. The purposes of this paper are to illustrate the existing yard management systems such as Grouping method and Random Grounding method, and then to evaluate and compare the efficiency of yard availability between the existing management system(Grouping method) and Random Grouping which uses the forecasted inbound cargo volume at the gate by Time Base Operation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.228-229
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• 2018

To deal with the increasing volume of the vessel's cargo in the container flow and the enlargement trend of the vessels, Pusan port is making efforts from various perspectives such as the creation of global infrastructure and the promotion and development of new wharves. If Pusan port can provide and prepare the eligible infrastructures for future berthing of larger vessels. It will be able to operate with vessels larger than 20,000TEU, and it will also be able to grow into one of the main port of the Mega max era.. However, when large vessels dock, many berths, equipment, working time and labors are required. As a result, the problem of delaying time of other consecutive vessels will inevitably arise. In response to this, we analyze the impact and effect of the birthing of a large vessel on other congestion vessels at a container terminal.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.314-324
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• 2021

Competition between ports around the world is intensifying to attract transshipment cargo. However, recently, there have been concerns about the departure of transshipment cargo volume at Busan Port, such as the lifting of the cabotage policy in China's shipping sector and the implementation of a safe fare system. In terms of operation, terminal congestion and vehicle waiting time are seriously occurring due to imbalance in the transshipment volume of each terminal and vehicles concentrated in a specific time period. In this paper, we propose a method of inter-terminal transportation (ITT) using buffer space to solve the problem caused by inefficient ITT systems and presented a mixed integer programming (MIP) for the problem. The effect of using the buffer space was analyzed for various work volumes and capacity fluctuation ranges by applying the terminal congestion pattern and ITT vehicle in/out pattern based on the Busan New Port data.