• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.17C no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2010

The data wiping is a technique which perfectly deletes data in a storage to prevent data recovery. Currently, management of stored data is important because of increasing an accident of personal information leakage. Especially, if you need to discard data contained personal information, using a wiping tool which permanently deletes data to prevent unnecessary personal information leakage. The data wiping is also used for data security and privacy protection. However the data wiping can be used intentionally destruction of evidence. This intentionally destruction of evidence is important clues of forensic investigation. This paper demonstrates the methods for detecting the usage of wiping tools in digital forensic investigation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.588-599
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• 2012

There is a limitation to estimate vitamin $B_{12}$ intake due to the lack of data on vitamin $B_{12}$ content of Korean commercial foods. In this study, vitamin $B_{12}$ content was determined in favorite Korean restaurant foods, convenient or instant foods, fast foods and bakery products through a modified microbioassay using Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC 7830. Bulgogi and seafood & green pepper griddle had high vitamin $B_{12}$ content, 3.50 and $2.96{\mu}g$/100 g, respectively. Pork suyook, pork griddle and pollack griddle had 0.48, 0.31 and $0.32{\mu}g$/100 g of vitamin $B_{12}$, respectively. In stew, soft-tofu stew with seafood and doenjang stew with seafood had relatively high vitamin $B_{12}$ content, 1.93 and $1.44{\mu}g$/100 g, respectively. Bibimbap and 4 different types of rice porridge, beef & mushroom, chicken & ginseng, seafood or abalone, had 0.36, 0.08, 0.09, 1.64 and $0.13{\mu}g$/100 g of vitamin $B_{12}$, respectively. One serving of haejanggguk, yookejang, chuotang and galbitang had 5.97, 2.04, 2.63 and $1.91{\mu}g$ of vitamin $B_{12}$, respectively. One serving of samgetang and sulongtang had $2.89{\mu}g$ and $6.64{\mu}g$ of vitamin $B_{12}$. In noodles, one serving of cram noodle soup, bibim-nangmyeon, and mul-nangmyeon had 18.8, 1.21 and $0.38{\mu}g$ of vitamin $B_{12}$, respectively. One regular gimbap and one triangle gimbap contained 1.09-2.53 and $0.54-1.11{\mu}g$ of vitamin $B_{12}$, respectively. One cheese-burger, chicken-burger and bulgogi-burger had 0.76, 0.62 and $0.54{\mu}g$ of vitamin $B_{12}$, respectively. A plain bagel and a waffle contained 0.13 and $0.17{\mu}g$/100 g of vitamin $B_{12}$, respectively. Ready-made tomato sauce or cream sauce for spaghetti in a retort pouch contained only a trace of vitamin $B_{12}$. In conclusion, these results should contribute to improving the present food vitamin $B_{12}$ content database, most of which were cited from foreign data, thereby it could be helpful to estimate the vitamin $B_{12}$ intake of Koreans more accurately than before. It will also provide new information for dietary education related to vitamin $B_{12}$ and health.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 1972

The contents and their seasonal changes of non-volatile organic acids and sugars of various fruits in Korea, apricot(maesil), peach, grape, apple and pears were measured. The organic acid contents were determined by gas chromatography and the free sugars were detected by thin layer chromatography. The results were as follows: 1) The common non-volatile organic acids found in those fruits were oxalic, fumaric, succinic, maleic, tartaric and citric acids: though their contents varied from almost none to 3430mg/100g. 2) Malic acid was contained in all above fruits with generally the highest contents ranging $18{\sim}3430mg/100g$ among different fruits. In every fruits oxalic was the least contained among other organic acids, almost none to trace except apricot(maesil) which contained 10.8mg/100g. 3) It seemed that generally all the non-volatile acids contents decreased after ripening except maleic acid and the cases of an apple and a pear varieties where they increased. 4) Glucose and fructose were detected in all fruits both matured and unripened by thin layer chromatography. Maltose was found in apricot(maesil), peach, grape and apple. Sucrose was detected in apricot(maesil), peach, grape, apple and pear.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.141-149
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• 1980

Contents of heavy metals in various bran layers of rice collected from Kyeong Nam province in 1978, were determined. The components of crude prote in, crude fat, crude cellulose, and ash in all the rice samples were found to be most concentrated in the rice of each layer of brown, 70% polished, and 90% polished, but the contents of crude protein (9.22%), crude fat (1.16%), crude cellulose (1.01%), and ash (0.38%) in polished rice decreased rapidly. On the other hand, the amounts of nitrogenfree extract in the rice were showed increasingly toward the inner layer and those of polished rice were 75.54%. The contents of lead, zinc, nickel, cadmium, and arsenic in bran layer of rice decreased in order of that of 90% polished, 70% polished, brown, and polished rice. Their amounts in polished rice were lead, $0.054{\sim}0.610ppm$; zinc, $9.830{\sim}19.093ppm$; nickel, trace-1.776ppm; cadmium, trace-0.039ppm; arsenic, ND-0.170ppm. It was shown that copper was more concentrated in the layer of 90% polished rice $(0.581{\sim}1.476ppm)$, and iron more in brown rice $(27.971{\sim}66.569ppm)$ than in any other portion, whereas mercury $(0.006{\sim}0.072ppm)$, chromium $(1.538{\sim}7.822ppm)$, and manganese $(57.371{\sim}179.252ppm)$ were much contained in the layer of 70% polished rice. Their amounts in polished rice were copper, $0.218{\sim}0.858ppm$; iron, $1.480{\sim}9.573ppm$; mercury, $0.006{\sim}0.027ppm$; chromium, ND-1.520ppm; and manganese, $6.730{\sim}11.562ppm$.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.68-76
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• 2002

In this study, we have investigated the geochemical behavior and fate of heavy metals in acid rock drainage (ARD). The ARD was collected from the area of the former Dongrae pyrophyllite mine. The Dongrae Creek waters were strongly acidic (pH : 2.3~4.2) and contained high concentrations of $SO_4$, Al, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, due to the influence of ARD generated from weathering of pyrite-rich pyrophyllite ores. However, the water quality gradually improved as the water flows downstream. In view of the change of mole fractions of dissolved Fe, Al and Mn, the generated ARD was initially both Fe- and AA-ich but progressively evolved to more Al-rich toward the confluence with the uncontaminated Suyoung River. As the AR3 (pH 2.3) mixed with the uncontaminated waters (pH 6.5), the pH increased up to 4.2, which caused precipitation of $SO_4$-rich Fe hydroxysulfate as a red-colored, massive ferricrete precipitate throughout the Dongrae Creek. Accompanying the precipitation of ferricrete, the Dongrae Creek water progressively changed to more Al-rich toward downstream sites. At the mouth of the Dongrae Creek, it (pH 3.4) mixed with the Suyoung River (pH 6.9), where pH increased to 5.7, causing precipitation of Al hydroxysulfate (white precipitates). Neutralization of the ARD-contaminated waters in the laboratory caused the successive formation of Fe precipitates at pH<3.5 and Al precipitates at higher pH (4~6). Manganese compounds were precipitated at pH>6. The removal of trace metals was dependent on the precipitation of these compounds, which acted as sorbents. The pHs for 50% sorption ($pH_{50}$) in Fe-rich and Al-rich waters were respectively 3.2 and 4.5 for Pb, 4.5 and 5.8 for Cu, 5.2 and 7.4 for Cd, and 5.8 and 7.0 for Zn. This indicates that the trace metals were sorbed preferentially with increasing pH in the general order of Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn and that the sorption of trace metals in Al-rich water occurred at higher pH than those in Fe-rich water. The results of this study demonstrated that the partitioning of trace metals in ARD is not only a function of pH, but also depends on the chemical composition of the water.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.62-72
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• 1998

This study was performed to characterize the trace organic pollutants in the industrial wastewater and to establish the database of the trace organic pollutants. The four manufacturing industries, which are refined petroleum, industrial chemicals, rubber & plastics and fabricated metals, were surveyed. The wastewater and discharging water of these 30 factories are analyzed to characterize the trace organic pollutants. In industrial chemicals, the kinds of products and organic pollutants are very various. Therefore to select the characteristic organic pollutants in this categories are also very difficult. In industrial chemicals, the gas chromatograpic peak patterns of wastewater are represented the various type according to their products, therefore the typical patterns of the characteristic organic pollutants could not be obtained because the kinds of manufactured goods and organic pollutants are very various. In refined petroleum, the effluent is discharged in the distillatory process of atmosphere pressure and contained the saturated hydrocarbons, phenol compounds, benzene compounds and naphtalene compounds. The saturated hydrocarbons peaks from $C_{15}$ to $C_{35}$ are represented the typical oil patterns by the uniform intervals therefore the peak can be easily distinguished. In rubber & plastics, the wastewater is discharged in the washing process which contains the additives. The problem of wastewater is not serious because the manufacturing process is not produced the effluent or the produced cooling water is recycled in that process.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.192-197
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• 1999

Proximate composition, sterol and $\alpha$-tocopherol ($\alpha$-Toc) contents of 35 species of marine invertebrates (13 species of Bivalvia, 10 species of Gastropoda, 4 species of Cephalopoda, 4 species of Crustacea, 2 species of Ascidacea and 2 species of Holothuroidea), which caught off the coast of Tongyeong of the Southern sea (Nam-Hae), Korea, were determined. Protein content showed relatively high level in herbivorous (seaweed feeder) and carnivorous species such as Gastropoda ($17.2\pm4.30\%$), Crustacea ($16.8\pm4.06\%$) and Cephalopoda ($15.3\pm3.24\%$), but showed low in plankton feeder and mud swallow such as Bivalvia ($11.8\pm2.49\%$), Ascidacea ($8.20\pm1.00\%$) and Holothuroidea ($3.94\pm1.13\%$). Total lipid (TL) content was low in most marine invertebrates, ranged from $0.24\%$ (blue colored sea cucumbers) to $1.96\%$ (sea squirts). Ascidacea contained the largest amount of TL in all samples, while Holothuroidea contained the smallest amount of TL, and other classes contained about $1\%$ of TL. Carbohydrates was rich in plankton feeder and Herbivorous species (seaweed feeder) such as Ascidacea ($6.60\pm4.53\%$), Bivalvia ($3.15\pm1.82\%$) and Gastropoda ($3.02\pm1.61\%$), while poor in carnivorous species such as Crustacea ($0.52\pm0.57\%$) and Cephalopoda ($1.00\pm0.63\%$). Moisture content was highest in Holothuroidea ($92.0\pm1.94\%$) and the lowest in Gastropoda ($77.0\pm1.95\%$): There were negative correlations between moisture and protein content, or TL, between protein and TL content; y= -0.8716x+184.452 (r=-0.87, p<0.001), $y=128.52e^{-0.0601x}$ (r=-0.55, P<0.001), $y=6.3047e^{-0.0904x}$(r=-0.42, P<0.02), respectively. Sterol content was ranged from 56 mg/100 g edible portion of red colored sea cucumbers to 216 mg/100 g edible portion of cockle and was high in the following order; Cephalopoda (148 $\pm$30.0mg)>Bivalvia (121$\pm$35.0mg)>Gastropoda (118$\pm$20.0mg)>Crustacea (116$\pm$31.0mg)>Ascidacea (78.0$\pm$2.00 mg)>Holothuroidea(62.0$\pm$8.00 mg). Crustacea contained 1$\~$2 mg $\alpha$-Toc/100 g edible portion whereas other classes contained trace or less than 1 mg/100 g of edible portion.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.6 s.175
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• pp.699-705
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• 2005

In order to identify the speciation of As and trace elements which are contained weathered waste rocks on the abandoned Jangpoong Cu mine area, five fraction sequential extraction was carried out. Concentrations of the extraction solutions which were acquaired each fraction were mesured by ICP-AES. Mineral characters of weathered waste rocks were determinated by XRD. The weathered waste rocks could divide into two types (Type I and type II). Type land type II weathered waste rocks are mainly composed of a quartz and a calcite, respectively. The most dominant speciation of As, Co and Fe is residual phase. Most of the speciation of Cd, Mn and Zn is residual phase for type I and Fe-Mn oxide phase for type II. In case of Cu, residual phase is predominant in type I and sulfide is predominet in type II. The most dominant speciation of Pb for type I and type II is associated with the residual phase and Fe-Mn oxide phase, respectively. At pH 4-7 range, the order of relative mobility considers Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>Co>AS in type I, and Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb>As>Co in type II.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.56-64
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• 2000

Behavior of trace metals in Masan Bay, Korea was studied in August 1998 when the oxygen deficient condition occurred. Dissolved Cd and Zn concentration in the surface waters decreased with increasing distance from Masan Harbor. Dissolved concentrations of Cd, Cu Pb and Zn in the surface waters were higher than bottom waters. Particulate(acid-teachable fraction) concentrations of Cu, Cd and Pb in the surface waters of Masan Bay decreased with increasing distance from Masan Harbor. Bottom waters contained higher concentrations of particulate Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn than surface waters. Distribution coefficients between dissolved and particulate phase (K/sub d/) of Cu and Cd decreased with the increasing distance from the Harbor, possibly due to reaction of these elements with sewage-derived particulate matter Al, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb in the surface sediment showed relatively high concentration in the inner Masan Bay.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.538-545
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• 2017

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of cupric citrate (CuCit) on growth performance, antioxidant indices, serum lipid metabolites, serum immune indices, and tissue residues of copper (Cu), zinc, and iron in weaned pigs. Methods: A total of 180 weaned pigs ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Large$ White) with an average body weight of $8.98{\pm}1.21kg$ were randomly assigned to a corn-soybean meal control ration, or 4 similar rations with 30, 60, 120, or 240 mg/kg Cu as CuCit. All diets contained 10 mg/kg Cu as cupric sulfate from the vitamin-mineral premix. The experiment was divided into two phases: 0 to 14 d (phase 1) and 15 to 28 d (phase 2). Results: Average daily gain (ADG; linearly, p<0.01) and average daily feed intake (ADFI; linearly and quadratically, p<0.05) were affected by an increase in CuCit during phase 2. Overall period, ADG (p<0.05) and ADFI (p<0.01) were linearly increased with increasing dietary levels of CuCit. Serum malondialdehyde concentrations (p<0.05) and glutathione peroxidase activity (p<0.01) linearly decreased and increased respectively with an increase in CuCit. Serum levels of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase were linearly affected with an increase in CuCit (p<0.01). Hepatic malondialdehyde levels decreased with an increase in CuCit (linearly and quadratically, p<0.01). Serum total cholesterol concentrations were quadratically affected (p<0.05) and decreased in pigs fed Cu as CuCit at 60 and 120 mg/kg and increased in pigs fed 240 mg/kg Cu as CuCit. Serum high-density lipoprotein concentrations were linearly affected with an increase in CuCit (p<0.01). Serum $IL-1{\beta}$ levels were quadratically affected (p<0.05) by dietary treatment. Compared with other treatments, 240 mg/kg Cu from CuCit quadratically increased hepatic (p<0.01) and renal (p<0.05) Cu concentrations, and quadratically decreased hepatic and renal iron concentrations (p<0.05). Conclusion: Cu administered in the form of CuCit at a dosage range of 30 to 60 mg/kg, effectively enhanced the growth performance and antioxidant status of weaned pigs.