• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.348-348
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• 2011

Carbon nanotube (CNT) field effect transistors and sensors use CNT as a current channel, of which the resistance varies with the gate voltage or upon molecule adsorption. Since the performance of CNT devices depends very much on the CNT/metal contact resistance, the CNT/electrode contact must be stable and the contact resistance must be small. Depending on the geometry of CNT/electrode contact, it can be categorized into the end-contact, embedded-contact (top-contact), and side-contact (bottom-contact). Because of difficulties in the sample preparation, the end-contact CNT device is seldom practiced. The embedded-contact in which CNT is embedded inside the electrode is desirable due to its rigidness and the low contact resistance. Fabrication of this structure is complicated, however, because each CNT has to be located under a high-resolution microscope and then the electrode is patterned by electron beam lithography. The side-contact is done by depositing CNT electrophoretically or by precipitating on the patterned electrode. Although this contact is fragile and the contact resistance is relatively high, the side-contact by far has been widely practiced because of its simple fabrication process. Here we introduce a simple method to embed CNT inside the electrode while taking advantage of the bottom-contact process. The idea is to utilize a eutectic material as an electrode, which melts at low temperature so that CNT is not damaged while annealing to melt the electrode to embed CNT. The lowering of CNT/Au contact resistance upon annealing at mild temperature has been reported, but the electrode in these studies did not melt and CNT laid on the surface of electrode even after annealing. In our experiment, we used a eutectic Au/Al film that melts at 250$^{\circ}C$. After depositing CNT on the electrode made of an Au/Al thin film, we annealed the sample at 250$^{\circ}C$ in air to induce eutectic melting. As a result, Au-Al alloy grains formed, under which the CNT was embedded to produce a rigid and low resistance contact. The embedded CNT contact was as strong as to tolerate the ultrasonic agitation for 90 s and the current-voltage measurement indicated that the contact resistance was lowered by a factor of 4. By performing standard fabrication process on this CNT-deposited substrate to add another pair of electrodes bridged by CNT in perpendicular direction, we could fabricate a CNT cross junction. Finally, we could conclude that the eutectic alloy electrode is valid for CNT sensors by examine the detection of Au ion which is spontaneously reduced to CNT surface. The device sustatined strong washing process and maintained its detection ability.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.326-332
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• 1982

The structure of the complex extracted from an aqueous solution containing methylene blue and tetrafluoroborate with 1,2-dichloroethane has been investigated by comparing IR spectrum of the extract with those of pure components and appeared to be an 1 : 1 contact ion-pair between monovalent ions of opposite charge. The extraction constant obtained from the absorbance data measured at 658nm in 1,2-dichlorethane has a value of 1.1${\times}$at$10^4M{-1}$ 25$^{\circ}$C in the range from 1.43${\times}10^{-2}$ to 2.86${\times}10^{-1}$M HF. In the solvent extraction with nitrobenzene, the identical experiments show that extraction constants are increased with HF concentration possibly due to dissociation of the ion-pair in nitrobenzene.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1994-1999
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• 2003

This paper discusses dynamic characteristics of motion of a pair of multi-degrees of freedom robot fingers executing grasp of a rigid object and controlling its orientation with the aid of rolling contacts. In particular, the discussions are focused on a problem of gain-tuning of sensory feedback signals proposed from the viewpoint of sensorymotor coordination, which consist of a feedforward term, a feedback term for controlling rotational moment of the object, and another term for controlling its rotational angle. It is found through computer simulations of the overall fingersobject dynamics subject to rolling contact constraints that some dynamic characteristics of torque-angular velocity relation may play an important role likely as reported by experimental results in muscle physiology and therefore selection of damping gains in angular velocity feedback depending on the guess of object mass is crucial. Finally, a guidance of gain-tuning in each feedback term is suggested and its validity is discussed by various computer simulations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2000

Surface roughness is one of the most important parameters to estimate quality of products. As this reason so many studies were car-ried out through various attempts that were contact or non-contact using computer vision. Even through these efforts there were few good results in this research., however texture analysis making a important role to solve these problems in various fields including universe aviation living thing and fibers. In this study feature value of co-occurrence matrix was calculated by statistic method and roughness value of worked surface was classified, of it. Experiment was carried out using input vector of neural network with characteristic value of texture calculated from worked surface image. It's found that recognition rate of 74% was obtained when adapting texture features. In order to enhance recogni-tion rate combination type in characteristics value of texture was changed into input vector. As a result high recognition rate of 92.6% was obtained through these processes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2002

This paper is the study on stress analysis of spur gear using a finite element method. Gear drives constitute very important mechanisms in transmitting mechanical power processes compromising several cost effective and engineering advantages. The load transmission occurred by the contacting surfaces arises variable elastic deformations which are being evaluated through finite element analysis. The automatic gear design program is developed to model gear shape precisely. This gear design system developed was used by pre-processor of FEM packages. The distribution of stresses at contacting surfaces was examined when a pair of gear contact.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.795-817
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• 2016

A non-contact, in-situ and non-invasive technique for health monitoring of submerged fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) laminates has been developed using ultrasonic guided waves. A pair of mobile transducers at specific angles of incidence to the submerged FRP specimen was used to excite Lamb wave modes. Lamb wave modes were used for comprehensive inspection of various types of manufacturing defects like air gaps and missing epoxy, introduced during manufacturing of FRP using Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Molding (VARIM). Further service induced damages like notches and surface defects were also studied and evaluated using guided waves. Quantitative evaluation of transmitted ultrasonic signal in defect ridden FRPs $vis-{\grave{a}}-vis$ healthy signal has been used to relate the extent of damage in FRPs. The developed technique has the potential to develop into a quick, real time health monitoring tool for judging the service worthiness of FRPs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.42-47
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• 2012

Construction equipment is heavily loaded during normal operation. In recent years, there is a trend that lower gear noise levels are demanded for drivers to avoid annoyance and fatigue during operation. For articulated hauler's final drive, meshing transmission error(T.E.) is the excitation that leads the tonal noise known as gear whine, and radiated gear whine is also the dominant source of noise in the whole gearbox. This paper presents a method for the analysis of the tooth profile modification, and the prediction of transmission error under the loaded torques for the spur gear pair of the articulated hauler's final drive. And the transmission error, transmission error harmonics and contact stress are also calculated and compared before and after tooth modification under one torque. The simulation result shows that the transmission error and contact stress under the loads can be minimized by the appropriate tooth profile modification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.513-518
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• 2000

Surface roughness is one of the most important parameters to estimate quality of products. As this reason. so many studies were carried out through various attempts that were contact or non-contact using computer vision. Even though these efforts, there were few good results in this research. However, texture analysis is making a important role to solve these problems in various fields including universe, aviatiion, living thing and fibers. In this study, texture parameter was obtained by means of position operator according to variation of angle direction and distance. As a result, it was found that surface texture was more effected by direction then distance

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.4C
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• pp.277-282
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• 2012

In this paper, we present a real-time eye contact system for realistic telepresence using a Kinect depth camera. In order to generate the eye contact image, we capture a pair of color and depth video. Then, the foreground single user is separated from the background. Since the raw depth data includes several types of noises, we perform a joint bilateral filtering method. We apply the discontinuity-adaptive depth filter to the filtered depth map to reduce the disocclusion area. From the color image and the preprocessed depth map, we construct a user mesh model at the virtual viewpoint. The entire system is implemented through GPU-based parallel programming for real-time processing. Experimental results have shown that the proposed eye contact system is efficient in realizing eye contact, providing the realistic telepresence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.159-165
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• 2018

In electric agricultural machine a reduction gear is needed to convert the high speed rotation motion generated by DC motor to lower speed rotation motion used by the vehicle. The reduction gear consists of several spur gears. Spur gears are the most easily visualized gears that transmit motion between two parallel shafts and easy to produce. The modelling and simulation of spur gears in DC motor reduction gear is important to predict the actual motion behaviour. A pair of spur gear tooth in action is generally subjected to two types of cyclic stress: contact stress and bending stress. The stress may not attain their maximum values at the same point of contact fatigue. These types of failure can be minimized by analysis of the problem during the design stage and creating proper tooth surface profile with proper manufacturing methods. To improve its life expectation in this study modal and stress analysis of reduction gear is simulated using ANSYS workbench based on finite element method (FEM). The modal analysis was done to understand reduction gear deformation behaviour when vibration occurs. FEM static stress analysis is also simulated on reduction gear to simulate the gear teeth bending stress and contact stress behaviour.