• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 1996

Although nursing researchers have performed studies on parent-child relationship actively since early 1980s in Korea, nothing hasn't been tried on the analysis of the contents of researches. We researchers tried examining the trend of researches by investigating treaties on mother-child relationship conducted from 1981 to 1994. The purpose of this study was to analyze the trend of research on the mother-child relationship and to suggest direction for future study. The total numbers of the studies were 27 cases, These studies were analyzed for 1) time of publication 2) research design 3)main concept 4)thesis for a degree or nondegree 5) measurement tool The finding of the analysis were as follows. 1) In the chronological situation, the research on mother-child relationship began to perform in 1981 in the country and had been made most for five years to 1986 with 14 treaties and has decreased since 1990. 2) In the research plan, there are 21 survey(the most) ,5 quasi experimental(before 1986), 1 qualitative. 3) In the subject, the researches on mother-child are the most, 22 and of them 17 treaties on normal infant,4 comparative research on high risk infant and normal infant,5 treaties on mother, 4) The conception of mother-child relationship was used as various conceptions such as affection, union, bonding in early research of 1980s, but it hasn't been used as union bonding but studied mostly as the conception of 'mother-child interaction'since 1986. 5) The measurement tool of research was used variously, the Cropley's tool was used in early 1980s, but Walker's MIPS, Barnard's NCAST were used mostly in 1990. 6) Mother-child interaction influence on mother's self-conception, stress, care and feeding of child, frequency of delivery, planned pregnancy and delivery and health condition of child, birth weight, fetal period, period of mother-child life. Aspects of mother-child interaction composed on visual contact, looking at each other, skinship and caress with finger and fingertip. The leading action of mother-child interaction was mostly uttering action. 7) I suggest that the program for professional education is necessary for the establishment of the aspects of mother-child interaction.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.435-442
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• 2007

The number of thyroid diseases treated with radioiodine(I-131) is increasing steadily. The sharp increase in patients who require high dose radioiodine therapy greatly increased the need for new therapy rooms. Accordingly, interest in radiation exposure is rising as well, and is a major psychological stress factor for the patient and those who come in close contact with the patient. This study aimed to minimize the radiation exposure on discharge. Based on various previous reports, the decision for discharge should be individualized depending on many factors related to the patient's living or working environment. Educating patients repeatedly on the importance of sufficient oral hydration, while the adequate amount was relative to the patient's individual condition, greatly lowered the detected radiation measurement within the same admission period. In some cases, the period of admission could be abbreviated.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.690-695
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• 2012

Gas hydrate is an inclusion compound consisting of water and low molecular weight gases, which are incorporated into the lattice structure of water. Owing to its promising aspect to application technologies, gas hydrate has been widely studied recently, especially $CO_2$ hydrate for the CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) issue. The key point of $CO_2$ hydrate technology for the CCS is how to produce gas hydrate in an efficient and economic way. In this study, we have tried to study the characteristic of gas hydrate formation using micro-sized ice through an ultrasonic nozzle which generate 2.4 MHz frequency wave. $CO_2$ as a carrier gas brings micro-sized mist into low-temperature reactor, where the mist and carrier gas forms $CO_2$ hydrate under $-55^{\circ}C$ and atmospheric pressure condition and some part of the mist also remains unreacted micro-sized ice. Formed gas hydrate was average 10.7 of diameter at average. The starting ice particle was set to constant pressure to form $CO_2$ hydrate and the consumed amount of $CO_2$ gas was simultaneously measured to calculate the conversion of ice into gas hydrate. Results showed that the gas hydrate formation was highly suitable because of its extremely high gas-solid contact area, and the formation rate was also very high. Self-preservation effect of $CO_2$ hydrate was confirmed by the measurement of $CO_2$ hydrate powder at normal and at pressed state, which resulted that this kind of gas storage and transport could be feasible using $CO_2$ hydrate formation.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 2015

This work investigated the plasma treatment of aqueous bisphenol A (BPA) solution and mineralization pathways. For the effective contact between plasmatic gas and aqueous BPA solution, the plasma was created inside a porous ceramic tube, which was uniformly dispersed into the aqueous solution through micro-pores of the ceramic tube. Effects of the gas flow rate, applied voltage and treatment time on the decomposition of BPA were examined, and analyses using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, ion chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were also performed to elucidate mineralization mechanisms. The appropriate gas flow rate was around $1.0L\;min^{-1}$; when the gas flow rate was too high or too low, the BPA decomposition performance at a given electric power decreased. The increase in the voltage improves the BPA decomposition due to the increased electric power, but the energy required to remove BPA was similar, regardless of the voltage. Under the condition of $1.0L\;min^{-1}$ and 20.8 kV, BPA at an initial concentration of $10L\;min^{-1}$ (volume : 1 L) was successfully treated within 30 min. The intermediates produced by the attack of ozone and hydroxyl radicals on BPA were further oxidized to stable compounds such as acetate, formate and oxalate.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2014

Background: Dental phobia or anxiety of patients is the serious impediment to appropriate and effective dental treatment. Sedative technique helps to mitigate patients' fear and anxiety thus make them more cooperative and familiar to dental practices. With increasing attention to sedative dentistry in dentists, educational requirements and technical qualification also become stricter but actual survey on recent sedative dentistry has not been reported yet. Especially there is insufficient study reporting the survey of sedative dentistry subjected to Korean adults. In this paper, we conducted a survey study on the actual condition and practice related to sedation with a questionnaire to dentists in South Korea. Methods: The survey was done for members of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology (KDSA), who had great interest in sedation and for whom survey-by-mail was convenient. 472 members of The KDSA having dental license and solid address and contact information were subjected to the survey by sending them survey questions about their sedative techniques and knowledge. In order to increase the response rate, small gifts were presented to those who accurately responded to the survey questions and text messages and phone calls were made to encourage their participation. We collected their responses over two months and examined the returned surveys. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 for each question. Results: Out of 472 dentists, 181 responded (38.4% response rate). 63.0% (114 dentists; 77 male and 37 female) of respondents had experience on sedative technique and their average age was $39.8{\pm}7.6$ year. 74 of them were private practitioners, 17 of them were professors (14.9%), 11 of them were dentists-in-service (9.6%), 11 of them were residents (specialist training) (9.6%) and 1 of them was military doctors (0.9%). There were 89 dentists (78.1%) who were specialists or receiving trainings to be specialist, most of whom were pediatric dentists (55, 48.2%) and oral surgeon (31, 27.2%). The most popular route for drug medications was orderly oral, inhalational, intravenous medication. Combination of oral and inhalational medications or single use of intravenous medication was the most common. The most preferred sedative drug was pocral in oral sedation and midazolam in intravenous sedation. 48.2% of practitioners responded that they experienced side effects and emergency situations. Airway obstruction was the most frequent. Conclusions: Results from the survey show that the protocol and system for sedative dentistry have been improved compared to the past. Nevertheless, quality of emergency protocol, monitoring devices and preparation of sedative drugs was still insufficient to achieve safe sedative procedure. This study acquires novelty since actual survey on recent sedative dentistry for adult patients has not been reported yet.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-41
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• 1990

All the cultures are enriched and developed themselves through the contact with another culture, which propagate and transplant its new cultural elements to a time-honoured tradition. Therefore, the investigation of the origin of each culture means to find out the all the elements of each culture itself in the end. In Korean Costume, we can find both the Costume of frizid jone and that of temperate jone togther, effected by the influence of typical continental climate. Accordingly, we can also realize that both Lee, of southern tribe and Haw, of northern tribe suitable for the protection of cold weather, existed in Korea. Even Lee and Hwa were used together, Hwa had been appeared earlier than Lee along with the Skitai Costume and we can find its origin in the line of Skitai costume. In Central Asia, Tadjhik was the only race tracing their ancestry from ancient Iranic genuinely and they had been keeping the culture of Skitai origin continuously. The purpose of this thesis is to examine Korean's own culture of the footwear through the investigation of Tadjhik's culture of costume, specially through the culture of Tadjhik footware. To reach the conclusion of this thesis, the comparision and investigation between Korea and Tadjhik was made carefully for the followings, culture of life and costume, forms and materials of footwear. 1. The treasers and boots made by leather and felt was the origin of costume culture of Central Asia and aboves were appeared in persian costumn for the first time. We can consider that those had connection with Korean culture of costume. 2. Form of Tadjhik footwear can be devided by hwa and Lee, and there was a big difference in form between that of mountain area and plain area. We can find more rariety in footwear of mountain area. 3. If we compare the form of Hwa and Lee of Tadjhik with our own footwear, we can find out many things in common and there are lots of similarities particularly in form and material. 4. We can say that the difference of Tadjhik and Korean was the preference of Hwa for Tadjhik and Lee for Korean, aboves came from the different totography, climate condition and life style. 5. The form of male and female footwear of tadjhik was almost similar, but female footwear had various and beautiful decorations for the ornament. 6. The materials of Tadjhik footwear was mostly leather, and Hwa was used particularly for labour purposes. 7. We can expect that Tadjhik of Central Asia and Korea had a similar orgin and style on the footwear. It can be expected that we can find out many common things in further investigation of the study of Tadjhik costume and will exert the examination continuously.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 2015

In order to achieve a high speed and high quality silicon wafer bonding, the room-temperature direct bonding using atmospheric pressure plasma and sprayed water vapor was developed. Effects of different plasma fabrication parameters, such as flow rate of $N_2$ gas, flow rate of CDA (clear dry air), gap between the plasma head and wafer surface, and plasma applied voltage, on plasma activation were investigated using the measurements of the contact angle. Influences of the annealing temperature and the annealing time on bonding strength were also investigated. The bonding strength of the bonded wafers was measured using a crack opening method. The optimized condition for the highest bonding strength was an annealing temperature of $400^{\circ}C$ and an annealing time of 2 hours. For the plasma activation conditions, the highest bonding strength was achieved at the plasma scan speed of 30 mm/sec and the number of plasma treatment of 4 times. After optimization of the plasma activation conditions and annealing conditions, the direct bonding of the silicon wafers was performed. The infrared transmission image and the cross sectional image of bonded interface indicated that there is no void and defects on the bonded wafers. The bonded wafer exhibited a bonding strength of average $2.3J/m^2$.

• Composites Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2018

Interfacial and mechanical properties of neat and two sizing agents coated glass fiber (GF)/polydicyclopentadiene (p-DCPD) composites were evaluated at room and low temperatures, $25^{\circ}C$ and $-20^{\circ}C$. Sizing agents of GFs were extracted using acetone and compared via FT-IR. Surface energy and work of adhesion between GFs and p-DCPD were calculated by dynamic contact angle measurement. Mechanical properties of different GFs were determined using single fiber tensile test and interfacial properties of single GF reinforced DCPD strip were determined using cyclic loading tensile test. Mechanical properties of GFs/p-DCPD composites at room and low temperatures were determined using tensile, compressive, and Izod impact tests. Interfacial and mechanical properties were different with sizing agents of GFs and the optimized condition of sizing agent was found.

• Composites Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2017

Damage sensing of polymer composite films consisting of poly(dicyclopentadiene) p-DCPD and carbon nanotube (CNT) was studied experimentally. Only up to 1st ring-opening polymerization occurred with the addition of CNT, which made the modified film electrically conductive, while interfering with polymerization. The interfacial adhesion of composite films with varying CNT concentration was evaluated by measuring the wettability using the static contact angle method. 0.5 wt% CNT/p-DCPD was determined to be the optimal condition via electrical dispersion method and tensile test. Dynamic fatigue test was conducted to evaluate the durability of the films by measuring the change in electrical resistance. For the initial three cycles, the change in electrical resistance pattern was similar to the tensile stress-strain curve. The CNT/p-DCPD film was attached to an epoxy matrix to demonstrate its utilization as a sensor for fracture behavior. At the onset of epoxy fracture, electrical resistance showed a drastic increase, which indicated adhesive fracture between sensor and matrix. It leads to prediction of crack and fracture of matrix.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.456-456
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• 2009

Boron doping on an n-type Si wafer is requisite process for IBC (Interdigitated Back Contact) solar cells. Fiber laser annealing is one of boron doping methods. For the boron doping, uniformly coated or deposited film is highly required. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method provides a uniform dopant film or layer which can facilitate doping. Because amorphous silicon layer absorption range for the wavelength of fiber laser does not match well for the direct annealing. In this study, to enhance thermal affection on the existing p-a-Si:H layer, a ${\mu}c$-Si:H intrinsic layer was deposited on the p-a-Si:H layer additionally by PECVD. To improve heat transfer rate to the amorphous silicon layer, and as heating both sides and protecting boron eliminating from the amorphous silicon layer. For p-a-Si:H layer with the ratio of $SiH_4$ : $B_2H_6$ : $H_2$ = 30 : 30 : 120, at $200^{\circ}C$, 50 W, 0.2 Torr for 30 minutes, and for ${\mu}c$-Si:H intrinsic layer, $SiH_4$ : $H_2$ = 10 : 300, at $200^{\circ}C$, 30 W, 0.5 Torr for 60 minutes, 2 cm $\times$ 2 cm size wafers were used. In consequence of comparing the results of lifetime measurement and sheet resistance relation, the laser condition set of 20 ~ 27 % of power, 150 ~ 160 kHz, 20 ~ 50 mm/s of marking speed, and $10\;{\sim}\;50 {\mu}m$ spacing with continuous wave mode of scanner lens showed the correlation between lifetime and sheet resistance as $100\;{\Omega}/sq$ and $11.8\;{\mu}s$ vs. $17\;{\Omega}/sq$ and $8.2\;{\mu}s$. Comparing to the singly deposited p-a-Si:H layer case, the additional ${\mu}c$-Si:H layer for doping resulted in no trade-offs, but showed slight improvement of both lifetime and sheet resistance, however sheet resistance might be confined by the additional intrinsic layer. This might come from the ineffective crystallization of amorphous silicon layer. For the additional layer case, lifetime and sheet resistance were measured as $84.8\;{\Omega}/sq$ and $11.09\;{\mu}s$ vs. $79.8\;{\Omega}/sq$ and $11.93\;{\mu}s$. The co-existence of $n^+$layeronthesamesurfaceandeliminating the laser damage should be taken into account for an IBC solar cell structure. Heavily doped uniform boron layer by fiber laser brings not only basic and essential conditions for the beginning step of IBC solar cell fabrication processes, but also the controllable doping concentration and depth that can be established according to the deposition conditions of layers.