• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2005

This study is numerical analysis on the increasing temperature characteristics of vaporizer fin for liquefied natural gas with super low temperature. Existing LNG vaporizers use the direct contact heat transfer mode where the extreme super low temperature LNG of $-162^{\circ}C$ flows inside of the tubes and about $20^{\circ}C$air flows on outside of the fin. Recently, the vaporizers with great enhanced performance compared to conventional type have been developed to fulfill these requirements. The vaporizing characteristic of LNG vaporizer with air as heat source has a fixed iced. These characteristic cause a low efficiency in vaporizer, total plant cost and installing space can be increased. The vaporizing characteristics of LNG via heat exchanger with air are analytically studied for an air heating type vaporizer. This study is intended to supply the design data for the domestic fabrication of the thickness and angle vaporizer fin. Governing conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy are solved by STAR-CD based on an finite volume method and SIMPLE algorithm. Calculation parameter is fin thickness, setup angle and LNG temperature. If the vaporization performance of the early stage and late stage of operating is considered, the case of ${\phi}=90^{\circ}$ was very suitable. In this paper was estimated that the heat transfer was most promoted in case of THF=2mm.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1423-1430
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• 2003

In this paper, we develop a real time monitoring system to detect third-party damage on natural gas pipeline. When the damage due to third-party incidents causes an immediate rupture, the developed on-line monitoring system can help reducing the sequences of event at once. Moreover, since many third-party incidents cause damage that does not lead to immediate rupture but can grow with time, the developed on-line monitoring system can execute a significant role in reducing many third-party damage incidents. Also, when the damage is given at a point on natural gas pipeline, the acoustic wave is propagated very fast about 421.3 m/s. Therefore, the data processing time should be very short in order to detect precisely the impact position. Generally, the pipeline is laid under ground or sea and the length is very long. So a wireless data communication method is recommendable and the sensing positions are limited by laid circumstance and setting cost of sensors. The calculation and monitoring software is developed by an algorithm using the propagation speed of acoustic wave and data base system based on wireless communication and DSP systems. The developed monitoring system is examined by field testing at Balan pilot plant, KOGAS being done in order to demonstrate its validity through reactive detection of third-party contact with pipelines. Furthermore, the development system was set at the practical pipelines such as an offshore pipeline between two islands Yul-Do and Youngjong-Do, and a land branch of Pyoungtaek, Korea and it has been operating in real time.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 하이포 및 에피 사이클로이드 곡선 사이에 원호 곡선을 삽입하여 내부로터를 설계하고 로터 회전시뮬레이션 및 간섭회피를 위한 수정법을 통해 외부로터를 설계하는 방식의 제로터를 개발하였다. 또한 접촉점을 이용한 기존의 유량계산법을 사용할 수 없는 경우에 유량 및 유량맥동을 도출할 수 있는 챔버면적 계산법을 개발하였다. 이와 같은 방식의 제로터는 로터 설계시 첨점 및 루프가 발생하지 않으며, 내부로터의 하이포 사이클로이드 및 원호 곡선 연결점에서 새로운 설계변수인 경사각 $\gamma$가 추가되어 편심량 설정시 첨점 및 루프 발생 방지조건 또는 이끝폭의 설계 한계조건으로부터 제한을 받지 않는다. 따라서 설계자는 편심량 및 각도 $\gamma$를 조절함으로써 실제 산업현장에서 보다 효과적으로 로터 최적설계를 수행할 수 있다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.40-71
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• 1986

By developing a computer program for the systematic design of worm gears, the design formulae and tables of AGMA, JGMA, BS and DIN are analized and compared. The computer program can be used on micro-computers. According to the input data of the reduction ratio, the center distance. the driving torque and the material as design parameters, the program calculate the most efficient worm gear dimension. The variation of the design parameters and other empirical coefficients in case of resulting an inadequate design gear dimension can be easily modified throuth the way of interactive method between the user and the monitoring system of computer. A proposal of the standardization of worm gears was made in which a standard module according to the DIN 323 standard series number was applied. For the more exact and effective calculation of the stress concentration and the deformation of gear teeth, a computer program using the boundary element method is also developed. Even the strength of the special gear shape such as Niemann's "Cavex" gear can be calculated in a short CPU-time. The most effort of this study has been layed on the developing a computer program for the correction of a tooth profile and face width which is most important design factor for an exact and wide teeth contacts under loads, especially by great and wide gears. For this purpose were investigated the tooth stiffness, the mesh interferences and the kinematics and the dynamics of gear mesh. The deflection and the deformation of the gear shaft due to the loads acting on gear and shaft were aslo considered. Some examples have shown the sufficient good status of teeth contact in which the correction of the tooth profile and face width were accomplished due to the calculated results.d results.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.391-412
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• 2010

As traditional import regulations have decreased all over the world in recent decades, the usage of "unconventional" trade protection measures has grown in the developing countries. In particular, antidumping investigations have risen rapidly and have growing in India and China. Therefore, this thesis aims to provide countermeasures to our government and Korean exporting companies by studying characteristics of antidumping. India is one of the most frequent initiators of antidumping cases by protecting their industries and impeding imports from FTA. This year, economic exchanges of Korea and India will be increasing by the conclusion of CEPA. This will lead to the increase of dispute by import regulations. Under such circumstances, to decrease Indian antidumping cases Korea will respond as follows. i)If antidumping laws, system and practice of India have injustice or are different from WTO rules, our government will have to indicate injustice and actively urge Indian government to make corrections. For example, they are continuous bilateral contact about the problems, fallacy of calculation of dumping margin, and intense investigations into cause and effect relationship and losses in dumping market, ect. ii)Our government should give more support to the small and medium exporting company which have difficulties in dealing with trade conflicts, counseling, arbitrating a lawyer. iii)Our government which is in control of domestic trade relief system should strengthen its investigation ability about new regulations and moniter import regulations of India. Over the long time, Korean companies need to export competitive advantage items of a higher value-added business and build solidarity by technology transfer. Accordingly, that will result in the decrease of trade dispute in India.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.249-274
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• 2015

Long-span cable-stayed bridges exhibit some features which are more critical than typical long span bridges such as geometric and aerodynamic nonlinearities, higher probability of the presence of multiple vehicles on the bridge, and more significant influence of wind loads acting on the ultra high pylon and super long cables. A three-dimensional nonlinear fully-coupled analytical model is developed in this study to improve the dynamic performance prediction of long cable-stayed bridges under combined traffic and wind loads. The modified spectral representation method is introduced to simulate the fluctuating wind field of all the components of the whole bridge simultaneously with high accuracy and efficiency. Then, the aerostatic and aerodynamic wind forces acting on the whole bridge including the bridge deck, pylon, cables and even piers are all derived. The cellular automation method is applied to simulate the stochastic traffic flow which can reflect the real traffic properties on the long span bridge such as lane changing, acceleration, or deceleration. The dynamic interaction between vehicles and the bridge depends on both the geometrical and mechanical relationships between the wheels of vehicles and the contact points on the bridge deck. Nonlinear properties such as geometric nonlinearity and aerodynamic nonlinearity are fully considered. The equations of motion of the coupled wind-traffic-bridge system are derived and solved with a nonlinear separate iteration method which can considerably improve the calculation efficiency. A long cable-stayed bridge, Sutong Bridge across the Yangze River in China, is selected as a numerical example to demonstrate the dynamic interaction of the coupled system. The influences of the whole bridge wind field as well as the geometric and aerodynamic nonlinearities on the responses of the wind-traffic-bridge system are discussed.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2014

Purpose: Dentin hypersensitivity is a potential threat to oral health. Laser irradiation may provide reliable and reproducible treatment but remains controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of $CO_2$ or erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser therapy, and to assess mineral content. Methods: Eighteen human single-rooted teeth affected with advanced periodontitis were obtained. Buccal and lingual surfaces were planed to form 36 specimens. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid gel (24%) was applied to remove the smear layer and simulate hypersensitive teeth. The experimental groups were: group 1, control (no irradiation); group 2, $CO_2$ laser (repetitive pulsed mode, 2 W, $2.7J/cm^2$); and group 3, Er:YAG laser (slight contact mode, 40 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz). To evaluate dentinal tubule occlusion, six specimens per group (2-mm thickness) were prepared and observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for calculation of the occlusion percentage. To evaluate the mineral content, six specimens per group (0.6-mm thickness) were used, and then the levels of Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. In addition, the surface temperature of the specimens during laser irradiation was analyzed by a thermograph. Results: The SEM photomicrographs indicated melted areas around exposed dentinal tubules and a significantly greater percentage of tubular occlusion in the $CO_2$ and Er:YAG laser groups than the control, and in the Er:YAG group than the $CO_2$ laser group. In addition, no significant differences were noted among the experimental groups for the mineral elements analyzed. The $CO_2$ laser group showed an evident thermal effect compared to the Er:YAG group. Conclusions: $CO_2$ and Er:YAG laser are effective in treating dentin hypersensitivity and reducing its symptoms. However, the Er:YAG laser has a more significant effect; thus, it may constitute a useful conditioning item. Furthermore, neither $CO_2$ nor Er:YAG lasers affected the compositional structure of the mineral content.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.1045-1075
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• 2016

Shallow footings are one of the most common types of foundations used to support mid-rise buildings in high risk seismic zones. Recent findings have revealed that the dynamic interaction between the soil, foundation, and the superstructure can influence the seismic response of the building during earthquakes. Accordingly, the properties of a foundation can alter the dynamic characteristics (natural frequency and damping) of the soil-foundation-structure system. In this paper the influence that shallow foundations have on the seismic response of a mid-rise moment resisting building is investigated. For this purpose, a fifteen storey moment resisting frame sitting on shallow footings with different sizes was simulated numerically using ABAQUS software. By adopting a direct calculation method, the numerical model can perform a fully nonlinear time history dynamic analysis to realistically simulate the dynamic behaviour of soil, foundation, and structure under seismic excitations. This three-dimensional numerical model accounts for the nonlinear behaviour of the soil medium and structural elements. Infinite boundary conditions were assigned to the numerical model to simulate free field boundaries, and appropriate contact elements capable of modelling sliding and separation between the foundation and soil elements are also considered. The influence of foundation size on the natural frequency of the system and structural response spectrum was also studied. The numerical results for cases of soil-foundation-structure systems with different sized foundations and fixed base conditions (excluding soil-foundation-structure interaction) in terms of lateral deformations, inter-storey drifts, rocking, and shear force distribution of the structure were then compared. Due to natural period lengthening, there was a significant reduction in the base shears when the size of the foundation was reduced. It was concluded that the size of a shallow foundation influences the dynamic characteristics and the seismic response of the building due to interaction between the soil, foundation, and structure, and therefore design engineer should carefully consider these parameters in order to ensure a safe and cost effective seismic design.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제48권9호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 커넥터의 특성임피던스 추출, 분석 방법 및 설계 변경 방법을 제안하고 임피던스를 정합하여 신호 전달 특성을 개선한다. 3차원 FEM(Finite Element Method) 전자기장(Electro-Magnetic Field) 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 커넥터의 S-파라미터를 계산하고 반사손실 및 삽입손실을 추출한다. 커넥터의 신호 전달 특성은 반사손실이 0.9 GHz 이후부터 -20 dB 이상의 값으로 높게 나타났다. 신호 전달 특성이 낮은 원인을 파악하기 위해서 회로 해석 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 커넥터의 등가 회로 모델을 추출하고 특성임피던스를 계산하였다. 커넥터의 특성임피던스는 $90.3{\Omega}$으로 임피던스 부정합이 발생하여 신호 전달 특성이 저하되었다. 따라서 신호 전달 특성을 개선할 목적으로 임피던스를 정합하기 위해서 커넥터의 커패시턴스를 증가시켰다. 이러한 설계 방안으로 커넥터 신호선의 유효 면적을 확장하고, 커넥터의 몸체 소재로 고유전체를 사용하였다. 설계 변경된 커넥터의 특성임피던스는 $58.6{\Omega}$으로 임피던스 정합에 보다 근접하여 커넥터의 반사손실이 대략 10 dB 향상되었다. 신호선의 유효 면적 증가에 의한 반사손실 개선과 고유전체의 적용으로 전자기파의 신호선 주변 집중에 의해서 삽입손실 또한 개선되었다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2002

저널과의 마찰과 마멸을 줄이기 위하여 저널베어링이 사용된다. 저널베어링은 유체 윤활 상대에서 사용되나, 압력이 지나치게 높거나 회전 속도가 작아지면 탄성 유체 윤활 상태의 유막이 파괴되어 접촉부의 돌기가 접촉되는 경계 윤활 상태가 된다. 따라서 혼합 윤활 상태가 되면 저널베어링의 마멸량이 증가하게 된다 본 논문은 마멸율을 최소화함으로 저널베어링의 수명을 연장하는 최적설계를 수행하였다 목적 함수로 혼합 윤활 영역에서 적용되는 마멸을 함수를 사용하였고, 저널베어링 설계에서 고려할 성능 인자들인 마찰 손실, 안정 한계 속도, 유막 파라미터 등을 제약 함수로 사용하였다. 저널베어링 형상을 나타내는 베어링 반경, 축 반경, 베어링 폭 등에서 본 연구는 베어링 반경을 설계 변수로 하였다. 정식화한 설계인자를 이용하여 저널베어링의 최적 설계를 순차 이차 계획법인 PLBA알고리즘을 사용하여 수행하였다.