• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.18A no.3
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• pp.93-98
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• 2011

While the use of battery-powered embedded systems has been rapidly increasing, the current level of battery technology has not kept up with the drastic increase in power consumption by the system. In order to prolong system usage time, the battery size needs to be increased. The amounts of power consumption by embedded systems are determined by their hardware configuration and software for manipulating hardware resources. In spite of that, the hardware provides features for lowering power consumption, if those cannot be utilized efficiently by software including operating system, reduction in power consumption is not optimized. In this paper, we propose a BET(Break Even Time)-based scheduling method using task partition to reduce power consumption of multimedia applications in a mobile embedded system environment.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to understand consumer needs through emotion on character T-shirts. Study results suggest the basis for planning effective designs of character T-shirts. The results were summarized as follows: Emotion factors such as complex and arousal occupied 64.0% of the total. The types of the character T-shirts were clustered as four groups. The four types showed significant differences in all emotion factors. Complex emotion indicated its highest and lowest scores in types 4 and 2, respectively; and arousal emotion in types 2 and 3, respectively. As for the relation of consumption sensibility to emotions, three consumption sensibilities were related to all eight emotional adjectives. In the demographical aspect of emotions and consumption sensibilities, significant differences were found in age, gender, job and education. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as criteria improving emotions and consumption sensibility of character T-shirts. Especially, enhanced comsumption sensibility can be expected by the elimination of texts and the use of preferred character actions and vivid warm colors.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.39-56
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• 2018

Since trusting in other consumers may refer to having similar needs and preferences on fashion goods with them, interpersonal trust can be a reliable and practical criterion for market segmentation online. Therefore, this study aims to identify fashion online consumers based on interpersonal trust. This study segments fashion consumers based on interpersonal trust and experience and describes characteristics of each segment by examining demo-psychographic and behavioral variables as well as clothing consumption values. An online survey was conducted to collect data from 426 adult consumers who had bought fashion goods from their patronized e-tailer in the past one month. They completed a self-administered questionnaire inquiring about interpersonal trust, trust in e-tailers, purchase intentions, clothing consumption values, and their purchasing behavior online. Two-step cluster analysis generated four segments: distrustful doers, trusting doers, inactive trusters, and distrusters. They exhibited different characteristics in gender, online experiences, interpersonal trust, clothing consumption values, trust in the e-tailers, and attitude toward the e-tailers. Providing a new effective segmentation base, this study suggests that fashion marketers identify customers with a high level of trust in other customers and develop an encouraging environment that customers can interact with others in order to increase the effectiveness of trust. Because customers with a higher level of interpersonal trust are likely to have stronger trust in e-tailers with, more favorable attitude and purchase intention, and highly perceive the value of clothing consumption than those who have a lower level of interpersonal trust.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 2007

Using 2004 Household Income & Expenditure Survey, this study investigated difference in consumption pattern among the households with the different number of children, and estimated the monetary cost of rearing children. The findings were as following. First, the major consumption categories for raising children included the expenditures for education, food materials, utility, health, and communication. Second, the potential consumption needs for clothing & foot ware and culture & entertainment were not fully satisfied for the households with children compared to the households without children. Third, in the households with one child, the level of consumption was about two thirds of that in the households without children. It was slightly above half in the households with two children. Lower consumption level of the households with children was mainly due to the burden of the educational expenditure. Forth, the average monthly cost of raising children was estimated by 680 thousands Won for one child, and 104 thousand Won for two children. Lastly, the implications for the fertility policy and the methods for the estimation of the child cost were suggested based on the results.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.75-107
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• 2014

For the purpose of carbon mitigation, Korea needs to introduce stronger market-based economic incentives to promote environmentally-friendly behaviors of consumers. In particular, the government could consider introducing tax benefits on income taxation for green consumption, as well as public education and campaign, to stimulate environmentally-friendly consumption behaviors. In this respect, using an analysis of Input-Output and Household Income and Expenditure Survey in Korea, this paper designs four major scenarios related to income tax benefits for green consumption, and then explores the economy-wide effects of those proposed policies.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.555-563
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare student consumption of school meals by school level, to identify the influencing factors of school meal consumption, and to assess improvement needs of school food service among students. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 1,441 elementary, middle, and high school students attending 58 schools in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea participated in the survey in 2015. A questionnaire and informed consent forms for students and legal guardians were sent home and completed responses were returned to the researcher. RESULTS: Approximately 58% of the students perceived the portion sizes of school meals as appropriate and 76.1% consumed almost all or all of the meals served. More elementary and middle school students than high school students consumed almost all or all of the meals (P < 0.001). A regression analysis revealed that the students with a higher dietary behavior score (P < 0.001), higher satisfaction with food service (P < 0.001), a higher environmental protection practice score (P < 0.05), and more positive attitudes toward school meals (P < 0.01) consumed significantly more meals. The provision of foods that taste good and reflecting student opinions on menus were the most important factors for increasing school meal consumption. CONCLUSIONS: To increase consumption of school meals, food service staff should provide students with quality meals and engage students in school food service. Nutrition education that emphasizes healthy eating behaviors and cafeteria environment modification that applies strategies based on behavioral economics can encourage students to consume more school meals.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.200-207
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• 2014

This study aimed to assess the quality of outpatient antibiotic consumption in Korea compared with other countries. We used the National Health Insurance claims data for outpatient services in March, June, September, and December in 2012 and calculated nine indicator values based on the 12 European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) drug-specific quality indicators. Indicator values in this study reflect the yearly use of antibiotic expressed in defined daily doses for 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID) and the use of main subclasses of antibiotics expressed in DID and as percentage of the total antibiotic use. Korea showed lower quality in the consumption of total antibiotics (J01), especially in the use of Cephalosporins (J01D) expressed in DID. Korea also showed low quality with regard to the use of narrow/broad spectrum antibiotics. The percentage of the use of narrow-spectrum Penicillins (J01CE) was lowest in Korea. The quality on the use of the third- and fourth-generation cephalosporin (J01(DD+DE)) was the fourth lowest among 26 countries. High rates of antibiotic resistance and payment system based on fee-for-service might have influenced on the high consumption of the broad spectrum antibiotics in Korea. It needs to further investigate the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics to identify the target of strategies promoting quality use of antibiotics in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.579-590
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• 2018

Anomaly detection on building energy consumption has been regarded as an effective tool to reduce energy saving on building operation and maintenance. However, it requires energy model and FDD expert for quantitative model approach or large amount of training data for qualitative/history data approach. Both method needs additional time and labors. This study propose a machine learning and data science approach to define faulty conditions on hourly building energy consumption with reducing data amount and input requirement. It suggests an application of Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) method on training normal condition of hourly building energy consumption incorporated with hourly outdoor air temperature and time integer in a week, 168 data points and identifying hourly abnormal condition in the next day. The result shows the developed model has a better performance when the ${\nu}$ (probability of error in the training set) is 0.05 and ${\gamma}$ (radius of hyper plane) 0.2. The model accuracy to identify anomaly operation ranges from 70% (10% increase anomaly) to 95% (20% decrease anomaly) for daily total (24 hours) and from 80% (10% decrease anomaly) to 10%(15% increase anomaly) for occupied hours, respectively.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.3603-3618
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• 2022

The offloading method is important when there are multiple mobile nodes and multiple edge servers. In the environment, those mobile nodes connect with edge servers with different bandwidths, thus taking different time and energy for offloading tasks. Considering the system load of edge servers and the attributes (the number of instructions, the size of files, deadlines, and so on) of tasks, the energy-aware offloading problem becomes difficult under our mobile edge environment (MCE). Most of the past work mainly offloads tasks by judging where the job consumes less energy. But sometimes, one task needs more energy because the preferred edge servers have been overloaded. Those methods always do not pay attention to the influence of the scheduling on the future tasks. In this paper, first, we try to execute the job locally when the job costs a lower energy consumption executed on the MD. We suppose that every task is submitted to the mobile server which has the highest bandwidth efficiency. Bandwidth efficiency is defined by the sending ratio, the receiving ratio, and their related power consumption. We sort the task in the descending order of the ratio between the energy consumption executed on the mobile server node and on the MD. Then, we give a "suffrage" definition for the energy consumption executed on different mobile servers for offloading tasks. The task selects the mobile server with the largest suffrage. Simulations show that our method reduces the execution time and the related energy consumption, while keeping a lower value in the number of uncompleted tasks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.10-22
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate changes in food consumption during the 1950's on the basis of articles that reflected national policy and changes in society during that time period. Many factors are involved in the development and changes in food consumption culture, and these factors can affect each other. As a result, the process involved in the development of food consumption culture acts as a living system. This study evaluated the food consumption culture during the 1950's because this period was subjected to obvious influences that may explain the modern food consumption market logic and commercialism. Changes in the national food consumption are dependent on natural changes such as income enlargement or cultural exchange with a foreign country. Accordingly, food consumption during the 1950's was influenced by changes in economical, social, and political needs. In addition, the influx of surplus agricultural products from the United States had an adverse effect on local agriculture and resulted in an increased external dependence on food during the 1950s. Moreover, the import of raw materials and simple manufacturing techniques led to the development of an industrial food processing industry that enabled accelerated mass production of food at a low-price. Furthermore, the importation of surplus agricultural products from the United States that were used as the raw materials for foods that had traditionally been produced domestically led to an increased burden and qualitative decline in the local food-service industry. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that during the 1950's fresh food began to be replaced with processed foods in Korea.