• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.51-62
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• 1991

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.336-341
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: It is expected that dairy products such as cheeses, which are the main source of cholesterol and saturated fat, may lead to the development or increase the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; however, the results of different studies are inconsistent. This study was conducted to assess the association between cheese consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in an Iranian adult population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Information from the Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP) was used for this cross-sectional study with a total of 1,752 participants (782 men and 970 women). Weight, height, waist and hip circumference measurement, as well as fasting blood samples were gathered and biochemical assessments were done. To evaluate the dietary intakes of participants a validated food frequency questionnaire, consists of 49 items, was completed by expert technicians. Consumption of cheese was classified as less than 7 times per week and 7-14 times per week. RESULTS: Higher consumption of cheese was associated with higher C-Reactive Protein (CRP), apolipoprotein A and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level but not with fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and apolipoprotein B. Higher consumption of cheese was positively associated with consumption of liquid and solid oil, grain, pulses, fruit, vegetable, meat and dairy, and negatively associated with Global Dietary Index. After control for other potential confounders the association between cheese intake and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.81; 96%CI: 0.71-0.94), low HDL-C level (OR: 0.87; 96%CI: 0.79-0.96) and dyslipidemia (OR: 0.88; 96%CI: 0.79-0.98) became negatively significant. CONCLUSION: This study found an inverse association between the frequency of cheese intake and cardiovascular risk factors; however, further prospective studies are required to confirm the present results and to illustrate its mechanisms.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.327-348
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• 2009

이 연구는 소비패턴을 중심으로 우리나라 노인가구의 대표적인 생활양식 유형과 그 결정요인을 분석함으로써, 노인집단의 다양성에 대한 이해를 제공하고자 한다. 분석에는 한국노동패널 9차년도 데이터가 활용되었으며, 표본 가운데 가구주 연령이 65세 이상인 가구만 추출하였다. 또한 노동패널 데이터에 제시되고 있는 20가지 소비비목을 소비의 목적성에 따라 13가지 소비비목(필수품, 사회적관계지출, 여가, 교육, 부모님용돈, 자녀용돈, 그 외 가구원 용돈, 주거비, 의료비, 내구재, 통신비, 사회보장비, 기타)으로 재분류하였다. 분석은 두 단계에 걸쳐 진행되었는데, 먼저 13개의 소비비목에 대해 군집분석을 실시하여 소비패턴을 유형화시킴으로써 우리나라 노인가구의 지배적인 생활양식을 도출해 보았으며, 다음으로 각 소비패턴 유형을 결정하는 요인을 살펴보기 위해 다항로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석의 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 노인가구의 소비패턴 유형은 부양자형, 여가추구형, 사회적관계형, 생필품중심형, 의료지출형, 주거지출형의 여섯 가지로 구분되었다. 부양자형, 여가추구형, 사회적관계형의 경우 나머지 세 유형에 비해 상대적으로 높은 소비지출을 하고 있는 생활양식 유형이었으나, 부양자형 여가추구형은 사회적관계형에 비해 가족규모가 커서 자녀세대와 함께 거주함으로써 발생하게 되는 생활양식 유형인 것으로 분석된다. 부양자형 생활양식은 우리사회에서 자녀의 존재와 그 부담이 노후에까지 영향을 미치고 있다는 점을 보여준다. 반면 사회적관계형의 경우 다른 생활양식 유형에 비해 교육수준이 높은 집단으로 분석돼, 교육수준 변인에 따른 사회적관계망의 유의미성을 간접적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 생필품중심형, 의료지출형, 주거지출형의 경우 상대적으로 낮은 소비지출을 하고 있는 생활양식 유형이어서 상대적으로 경제적 역량이 낮은 집단임을 유추할 수 있었다. 이들의 경우 가구가 가지고 있는 욕구 유형에 따라, 즉 의료 욕구나 주거에 대한 욕구가 생활양식을 크게 규정하고 있어서, 노인복지에 있어서 의료와 주거와 같은 집합재의 중요성을 다시금 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.518-526
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• 2011

To determine blood heavy metal concentrations by seafood consumption in Korean adults, blood cadmium, mercury, and lead concentrations in a representative sample of 1,709 Koreans participated in the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KHANES IV-2) in 2008 were analyzed by age and seafood consumption frequency. The mean blood cadmium, mercury, and lead concentrations were $1.14{\pm}0.73{\mu}g/L$, $5.50{\pm}3.83{\mu}g/L$, and $2.56{\pm}1.22{\mu}g/dL$, respectively. The subjects aged ${\geq}$ 50 years had significantly higher blood cadmium concentrations than the subjects aged 20~39 years. Blood mercury concentrations of the 50's were significantly higher than those of the 20's and 30's (p < 0.05). Approximately, 43% of males and 22% of females had blood mercury concentrations > $5.8{\mu}g/L$ which is a blood mercury level equivalent to the current Reference Dose. Only 2 subjects had lead concentrations > $10{\mu}g/dL$, the standard lead level by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA. The subjects consuming pollack, mackerel, anchovy, corvina, shellfish, and salted seafood at least once a week had significantly higher mercury concentrations than the subjects consuming those seafoods less than once a month. However, there were no clear relationships between blood cadmium and lead concentrations and seafood consumption frequencies.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2020

높은 사양이 필요한 하드웨어 기반의 모바일 및 IoT 임베디드 시스템은 저전력과 성능에 중요한 이슈를 갖고 있다. 이는 전력 소비로 발열량 증가 및 기기의 수명 단축 문제가 발생된다. 이러한 환경에서 소프트웨어도 제한된 전력, 메모리 등에서 안정적인 동작을 수행해야하므로 디바이스의 소비전력이 증가한다. 이를 해결하고자, 코드 관점에서 성능을 저하시키는 모듈을 식별하고, 그 모듈의 전력 최소화를 통한 성능 개선 가시화 방법을 제안한다. 이는 코드 가시화를 통해 복잡한 모듈(특히 Cyclomatic complexity, Coupling & Cohesion)을 식별하고, 저전력 코드 패턴화와 성능 코드를 간결화 한다. 이런 코드로 소비전력을 감소 및 성능 개선 함으로써 코드의 품질을 최적화 할 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4733-4738
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• 2012

Background: Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases. The objectives of the study were to determine the percentage of annual income used to purchase tobacco-related products and treat tobacco-related illnesses, and assess the characteristics of smokers and their awareness of the health-related risks of smoking. Method: Stratified and snowball sampling methods were used to obtain information (via a 17-item, close-ended questionnaire) from 85 adult respondents (49 males and 36 females). The instrument comprised of demographic characteristics, smoking behavioural/lifestyle, health, and micro socio-economics. Results: There were no significant differences between individuals who were affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) (14.1%) and cardiovascular disease (18.8%). It was found that respondents spend 30-39% of their annual income on tobacco-related products. Forty percent (40.0%) and 41.7% of respondents with lung cancer and COPD respectively spend more than 50% of their annual income to treat these diseases. The majority (80%) of those who continues to consume tobacco-related products were uncertain as to why they were doing it. Not all the smokers were aware of the dangers of tobacco consumption despite their level of education. Conclusion: The majority of the respondents who had tobacco-related illnesses such as lung cancer and COPD spend a significant amount of their income on their health care. Not all the smokers were aware of the dangers of tobacco consumption despite their level of education. This suggests the need for increase public awareness where both smokers and non smokers are being fully or adequately informed about the dangers or health risks of tobacco consumption.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.1043-1054
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• 2018

Salmonellosis caused by chicken consumption has been a critical issue in food safety worldwide, including in Korea. The probability of illness from consumption of chicken was simulated in study, based on the recipe of Dakgalbi, a commonly eaten chicken dish in Korea. Additionally, the processing stage at slaughterhouses to decrease Salmonella concentration in broilers was modeled to explore its effect on the likelihood of illness. A Monte Carlo simulation model was created using @RISK. Prevalence of Salmonella in chickens at the retail stage was found to be predominantly important in determining the probability of illness. Other than the prevalence, cooking temperature was found to have the largest impact on the probability of illness. The results also demonstrated that, although chlorination is a powerful tool for decreasing the Salmonella concentration in chicken, this effect did not last long and was negated by the following stages. This study analyzes the effects of variables of the retail-to-table pathway on the likelihood of salmonellosis in broiler consumption, and also evaluates the processing step used to decrease the contamination level of Salmonella in broilers at slaughterhouses. According to the results, we suggest that methods to decrease the contamination level of Salmonella such as chlorination had little effect on decreasing the probability of illness. Overall, these results suggest that preventing contamination of broiler with Salmonella must be a top priority and that methods to reduce the concentration of Salmonella in broilers at slaughterhouses hardly contribute to safe consumption of Salmonella-contaminated chicken.

• 대한암한의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

Bojungbangdocktang (BJBDT), a formula of eight Oriental herbs, is a modified herbal prescription of Bangdoktang and Bojungbangamtang. Recently, BJBDT was demonstrated to inhibit angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, enhance hematopoiesis and protect cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in normal MCF-10A breast cells. Nevertheless, there is no safety study of BJBDT before clinical trial so far. Thus, in the current study, we investigated the toxicity about ethanol-extracted BJBDT. Male and female Spraque Dawley (SD) rats were given orally by BJBDT at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs and measured change of body weight, food consumption and water consumption were observed. In addition, we performed ophthalmologic, urinary, hematological, blood serum biochemical and histopathological examination. Any general toxicity was not found in BJBDT treated group. Also, there were no significant differences in the parameters such as body weight, food consumption and water consumption, a lot of urine and blood factor levels except HCT, MCHC, Ca, TG, Glucose and T-Bilirubin level compared with control group. Although HCT was elevated and TG was decreased in male rats, and MCHC, Glucose and T-Bilirubin were elevated and Ca and HCT were decreased in female rats, these were within normal ranges. Finally, we determined that maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 1000 mg/kg and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 500 mg/kg. Taken together, these results demonstrated that BJBDT is very safe to SD rats.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.177-190
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• 2018

Fashion industry constantly produces and consumes, which leads to huge waste piles of perfectly usable textiles in landfills, as well as other negative effects of an exploitative and excessively rapid fashion process. Pollution created by making and dyeing clothes has pitted fashion industry and environmentalists against each other. In this context, upcycling is seen as an optimal way to solve the growing problem of waste in fashion industry. The first purpose of the study was to analyze the relationships between upcycling fashion products' perceived value, pro-environmental beliefs, attitudes, electronic word of mouth (eWOM) intention, and purchase intention. The second purpose is to verify the difference of perceived consumption value among the consumers' awareness level and purchase experience. A total of 258 valid responses obtained from a group of 20-30-year-old participants were collected through an online survey. SPSS 23.0 and Amos 18.0 programs were used for data analysis. The results of the present study suggest that there are significant effects of upcycling fashion products' perceived value on pro-environmental belief; furthermore, pro-environmental belief was found to positively influence attitude, eWOM intention, and purchase intention. In addition, there are differences of perceived consumption value among the consumers' awareness level and purchase experience. Taken together, the results of this study provide researchers and practitioners with a deeper understanding of consumers' values, beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral intentions towards upcycling fashion products.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.677-689
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• 2011

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the consumption behavior and perceptions of environmentally-friendly agricultural products (EAPs) according to the lifestyles of housewives in the Jeonbuk area, Korea. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 267 housewives. Frequency analysis, chi-square, one-way ANOVA, factor analysis, and cluster analysis were used to analyze the data. Three clusters were obtained from the cluster analysis of LOHAS and wellbeing-related lifestyle: Cluster 1 "LOHAS-pursuit group", Cluster 2 "wellbeing-progress group", Cluster 3 "Utility-pursuit group". Of the housewives who were of LOHAS-pursuit group, about 50% were over 40 years old and had a professional job with a high household income. They had a high level of understanding about EAPs and purchased the highest percentage of EAPs among the groups. The housewives who were of the wellbeing-progress group, over 83% were between the ages of 30 and 40. Their consumption behaviors were very similar with that of the LOHAS-pursuit group, but the household income was lower. Of the housewives who were of the utility-pursuit group, about 63% under 30 years old. Their household income and level of understanding about EAPs were the lowest among the groups. They less interest in EAPs in comparison with other groups. For housewives' to choose EAPs properly, information and consumer education on these products, according to their lifestyles is necessary.