Purpose - There are common factors both in Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model and Technology Paradox Theory which can be put together and made in one unified model. The unified model can provide the following merits. First, the unified model is simple but contains factors of the models. Second, the unified model can clarify the process of technology acceptance of common consumers. Third, the unified model can provide the opportunities to analyze the negative sides of new technology, thus find ways to improve the level of acceptance by general consumers. Research design, data, and methodology - The 450 questionnaires were handed out to people around Seoul and 421 were collected. Except insincere and wrong-marked ones, 402 were used to analyze. SPSS program was used to analyze. Factor analysis, regression analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses. Results - By analyzing sub-factors of both models and binding the common factors in one category, we accomplish one model. And we tested the model by empirical method. The results show that the results from the unified model are almost same as the results from the two models. In other words, the unified model works. Conclusions - Explaining one state of affair by two different method is in some sense distracting attention. By devising a new model including factors of both models, we can explain the affair more straightforward and efficiently. At first the technology acceptance model was devised to explain the technology users in an organization and the following tests and revised models were for the similar purposes. However, as on-lone activities including contracts have been expanded and become important, consumers as the technology uses have emerged as first factor to consider. In accordance models to explain this situation has been suggested. The model suggested in this research is one of the models but it has the following merits. That is, it is simple but has strong explanation power, it can clarify the process of technology acceptance of common consumers by containing negative sides of consumer conception, and thus, it can provide the opportunities to analyze the negative sides of new technology, also find ways to improve the level of acceptance by general consumers.
The researches on corporate social responsibility(CSR) focused mostly on its effects on financial performance or consumer's behavior. However relatively few studies have dealt with employee's attitude towards CSR. The purpose of this study is to analyze determinants of hospital employee's attitude towards CSR. The data were collected from 163 employees at a general hospital in Gyeonggi-do from June 18 to July 18 in 2012. For the statistical analysis of data, t-test, ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were implemented. The result of hierarchical multiple regression analysis shows that first, perceived management support and direct benefits were positively related to the attitude towards the acceptance of CSR while interruption of work was negatively related. Second, as interruption of work was controlled, the statistically significant relationship between clinical department and attitude towards the acceptance of CSR was disappeared. In order to accommodate CSR in hospitals, first, the enterprise-wide support is more effective rather than expecting the action of each employee. Second, hospitals should provide the education about CSR to let employees expect direct benefits such as improving of their moral sense. Third, the burden of work causing interruption needs to be managed to cause employees to accept CSR.
As China, the world's work shop was transformed into consumption market intermediary products and expensive consumer goods are more in highly demand recently. These will tend to diffuse especially to the west coastal cities of China. The economic growth of China needs to develop hub port facilities more and more in these days. We don't need to explain value of hub port in international trade. Furthermore If we are to retain access convenience of merchant vessel we really must maintain hub ports in Korea. This paper aims to vitalize Pyeongtaek port in times of the Pan Yellow Sea in readiness for an increase of trade between Korean, China, and Japan absorbing economic effects. The Rise of China leads to increase of trade of Korea that make necessary to develop a big and wide port to Pan Yellow Sea times. There is a lot of competition to be a hub port to become a center of international trade in the Pan Yellow Sea market. We need to improve the surrounding environment or facilities and industry clusters flexibly of Pyeongtaek port. It will guide to cost cutting and to raise business efficiency. Ultimately Pyeongtaek port should maintain and make advance its competitiveness especially in the Pan Yellow Sea times.
Ikram, Atif;Jalil, Masita Abdul;Ngah, Amir Bin;Khan, Ahmad Salman;Mahmood, Yasir
International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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v.22
no.3
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pp.229-235
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2022
The process of correcting, upgrading, and improving software products after they have been handed over to the consumer is known as software maintenance. Offshore software maintenance outsourcing (OSMO) clients benefit from cost savings, time savings, and improved quality software through OSMO. In most circumstances, the OSMO vendor makes a lot of money but not in all the cases. Especially, when the OSMO project offer is not properly assessed. An efficient outsourcing contract might yield successful outcomes for outsourced projects. But before sending a detailed proposal to bid on the OSMO project the vendor must have to assess the client's project (business offer) requirements. The purpose of this study is to find out common trends within the assessment of a OSMO project. A case study approach along with semi-structured interviews from eight companies concluded ten common practices and several roles. Among these practices, four (code structure, requirements, communication barriers and required infrastructure) were consistent amongst the responses .The findings, limitations and future work are discussed.
AMIN, Md. Iftekharul;ERFAN, Nafis;NAVID, Mashrur;KHAN, Mohammed Shafiul Alam;ISLAM, Md. Shariful
The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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v.9
no.9
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pp.75-91
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2022
This study assesses the Internet banking adoption tendency by existing bank customers of Bangladesh. Currently, almost all the leading banks in the country have implemented Internet banking platforms. However, the active user count remains relatively low and there hasn't been any conclusive research on the drivers and inhibitors of Internet banking. This study evaluates the reasons and quantitatively establishes the factors leading to the adoption and usage continuance of internet banking by existing bank customers. Responses from 460 bank account holders were collected via online questionnaires using a purposive sampling approach, and a core conceptual framework based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology Readiness Index (TRI) was used. The study concluded that internet banking adoption is significantly impacted by the ease of use, customer service, and technology familiarity. Similarly, customer satisfaction is affected by the perceived value and the perceived risk. Through regression analysis, it was found that usage continuance is 89% explained by adoption and customer satisfaction. Multi-group moderation showed significant impact by groups divided based on usage frequency, income level, and age. Perceived risk weakened the impact of perceived value and technology familiarity on usage adoption. Additionally, perceived risk reduced the impact of consumer satisfaction and usage continuance.
Internet commerce has been growing at a rapid pace for the last decade. Many firms try to reach wider consumer markets by adding the Internet channel to the existing traditional channels. Despite the various benefits of the Internet channel, a significant number of firms failed in managing the new type of channel. Previous studies could not cleary explain these conflicting results associated with the Internet channel. One of the major reasons is most of the previous studies conducted analyses under a specific market condition and claimed that as the impact of Internet channel introduction. Therefore, their results are strongly influenced by the specific market settings. However, firms face various market conditions in the real worlddensity and disutility of using the Internet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of various market environments on a firm's optimal channel strategy by employing a flexible game theory model. We capture various market conditions with consumer density and disutility of using the Internet.
shows the channel structures analyzed in this study. Before the Internet channel is introduced, a monopoly manufacturer sells its products through an independent physical store. From this structure, the manufacturer could introduce its own Internet channel (MI). The independent physical store could also introduce its own Internet channel and coordinate it with the existing physical store (RI). An independent Internet retailer such as Amazon could enter this market (II). In this case, two types of independent retailers compete with each other. In this model, consumers are uniformly distributed on the two dimensional space. Consumer heterogeneity is captured by a consumer's geographical location (ci) and his disutility of using the Internet channel (${\delta}_{N_i}$).
shows various market conditions captured by the two consumer heterogeneities.
(a) illustrates a market with symmetric consumer distributions. The model captures explicitly the asymmetric distributions of consumer disutility in a market as well. In a market like that is represented in
(c), the average consumer disutility of using an Internet store is relatively smaller than that of using a physical store. For example, this case represents the market in which 1) the product is suitable for Internet transactions (e.g., books) or 2) the level of E-Commerce readiness is high such as in Denmark or Finland. On the other hand, the average consumer disutility when using an Internet store is relatively greater than that of using a physical store in a market like (b). Countries like Ukraine and Bulgaria, or the market for "experience goods" such as shoes, could be examples of this market condition.
summarizes the various scenarios of consumer distributions analyzed in this study. The range for disutility of using the Internet (${\delta}_{N_i}$) is held constant, while the range of consumer distribution (${\chi}_i$) varies from -25 to 25, from -50 to 50, from -100 to 100, from -150 to 150, and from -200 to 200.
summarizes the analysis results. As the average travel cost in a market decreases while the average disutility of Internet use remains the same, average retail price, total quantity sold, physical store profit, monopoly manufacturer profit, and thus, total channel profit increase. On the other hand, the quantity sold through the Internet and the profit of the Internet store decrease with a decreasing average travel cost relative to the average disutility of Internet use. We find that a channel that has an advantage over the other kind of channel serves a larger portion of the market. In a market with a high average travel cost, in which the Internet store has a relative advantage over the physical store, for example, the Internet store becomes a mass-retailer serving a larger portion of the market. This result implies that the Internet becomes a more significant distribution channel in those markets characterized by greater geographical dispersion of buyers, or as consumers become more proficient in Internet usage. The results indicate that the degree of price discrimination also varies depending on the distribution of consumer disutility in a market. The manufacturer in a market in which the average travel cost is higher than the average disutility of using the Internet has a stronger incentive for price discrimination than the manufacturer in a market where the average travel cost is relatively lower. We also find that the manufacturer has a stronger incentive to maintain a high price level when the average travel cost in a market is relatively low. Additionally, the retail competition effect due to Internet channel introduction strengthens as average travel cost in a market decreases. This result indicates that a manufacturer's channel power relative to that of the independent physical retailer becomes stronger with a decreasing average travel cost. This implication is counter-intuitive, because it is widely believed that the negative impact of Internet channel introduction on a competing physical retailer is more significant in a market like Russia, where consumers are more geographically dispersed, than in a market like Hong Kong, that has a condensed geographic distribution of consumers.