• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.494-507
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• 2021

With the increasing use of TBM, research has recently been conducted in Korea to analyze TBM data with machine learning techniques to predict the ground in front of TBM, predict the exchange cycle of disk cutters, and predict the advance rate of TBM. In this study, classification prediction of rock characteristics of slurry shield TBM sites was made by combining traditional rock classification techniques and machine learning techniques widely used in various fields with machine data during TBM excavation. The items of rock characteristic classification criteria were set as RQD, uniaxial compression strength, and elastic wave speed, and the rock conditions for each item were classified into three classes: class 0 (good), 1 (normal), and 2 (poor), and machine learning was performed on six class algorithms. As a result, the ensemble model showed good performance, and the LigthtGBM model, which showed excellent results in learning speed as well as learning performance, was found to be optimal in the target site ground. Using the classification model for the three rock characteristics set in this study, it is believed that it will be possible to provide rock conditions for sections where ground information is not provided, which will help during excavation work.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.92-103
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• 2022

This study was designed to explore the ways to improve the organization and implementation of the curriculum for the small rural middle schools. In order to do this, the situations and demands in organizing and operating the curriculum were analyzed through interviews and classroom observations. Having separated the country into 5 distinct regions and the cases of 10 small rural middle schools across these regions of the country were directly observed and analyzed. As a result of the study, it was necessary to prepare a fundamental solution to the following problems: 1) insufficient linkage between school levels of integrated operating schools in terms of curriculum, 2) lack of educational facilities and cultural space in rural areas in terms of local communities, and 3) supply and demand of teachers in small-scale middle schools in rural areas in terms of supply and demand of teachers. Based on the discussed issues, the following implications could be drawn for the improvement and support of school curriculum organization and implementation. Firstly, the autonomy in organizing and operating curriculums for small rural middle schools should be greatly expanded so that integrated schools or joint curriculums between schools can be operated in a robust manner. Secondly, it needs to strengthen the out-of-school support for small rural middle schools alongside local governments and local communities, including the operation of Edu buses and the construction of multipurpose educational and cultural centers. Finally, it is necessary to address the difficulties of operating circuit teachers by systematically expanding the pool of teachers and instructors, and managing teachers and instructors at the level of the local education office.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.164-173
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• 2021

Recently, as underground space safety issues such as sink hole, ground subsidence and damage to old underground facilities have been increasing in urban areas, the precise management of underground facilities ins more required. Thus, this study developed a function to that, visualize on Integration Map of Underground Geospatial Information a real-time survey data of underground facilities acquired on site or underground facility survey data acquired through on-site survey after underground facility exploration and developed a function convert to surveying-results. In addition, using the on-site survey performance utilization function in connection with the Integration Map of Underground Geospatial Information developed through this study, the surveying -results obtained with the Total-station at the water pipeline burial construction site in Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul are visualized on the Integration Map of Underground Geospatial Information and On-site verification was performed by converting spatial-information performance files and transmitting the Integration Map of Underground Geospatial Information to the mobile center. Based on this, it was possible to verify the work procedure using the surveying-results in the area where the Integration Map of Underground Geospatial Information was built, and to review the direction of future improvement directions.

• 지역과문화
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.31-55
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• 2020

As a case study, this paper aims to analyze the outcome of culture projects that are, like the building project of culture city, comprehensively funded by integrating individual projects with various purposes. Considering that there is no assessment indicators on the performance of culture city building project, it tries to propose and analyze indicators for evaluating the outcome, influence, and effect of the project, by taking into account social, cultural, and economical effect. The analysis result demonstrates the building project of specialized region in culture has bigger income effect than the construction project of cultural facilities or cultural voucher program. Because income growth leads to consumption growth, a project type with bigger income effect has more influence on industrial growth. In other words, the study shows that comprehensive funding projects, by integrating programs related to cultural citizens, cultural programs, and cultural space, is more effective for sustainable cultural development of a region. And it means the way of government assistance for cultural projects does need to change from individual project-based to comprehensive funding project-based.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-148
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• 2022

The full impact of COVID-19 has yet to be felt: while it may not define the new decade, it is clear that its immediate significance was to test many of the basic operating assumptions and procedures of global civilization. Even as vaccines are developed and utilized and even as it is possible to see the beginning of the end of COVID-19 as a discrete historical event, it remains unclear as to its ultimate importance. That said, it is evident that the academic exploration of Southeast Asia will also be affected by both the global and regional experiences of the pandemic. "Breakthroughs of Area Studies and ASEAN in the Era of Homo Untact" promises to help reconceptualize the study of the region by highlighting the importance of redefined spatial relationships and new potentially depersonalized modes of communication. This paper acknowledges these issues by suggesting that the transformations caused by the pandemic should motivate scholars to raise new questions about how to understand humanity-particularly as it is defined by societies, nations and regions. Given that COVID-19 (and the response to it) has altered many of the fundamental rhythms of globalized regions, there is sufficient warrant for re-examining both the ways in which disease, health and their related spaces affect the perceptions of Southeast Asia. To achieve "breakthroughs" into the investigation of the region, it makes sense to have another glance at the ways in which the discourses about diseases and health may have helped to inscribe definitions of Southeast Asia-or, at the very least, the nations, societies and peoples who live within it. In order to at least consider these larger issues, the discussion will concentrate on a formative moment in the conceptualization of Southeast Asia-British engagement with the region in the late 18^th and early 19^th centuries. To that end three themes will be highlighted: (1) the role that British diplomatic and military narratives played in establishing the information priorities required for the construction of colonial knowledge; (2) the importance not only of "colonial knowledge" but information making in its own right; (3) in anticipation of the use of big data, the manner in which manufactured information (related to space and disease) could function in shaping early British perceptions of Southeast Asia-particularly in Batavia and Java. This discussion will suggest that rather than see social distancing or increased communication as the greatest outcome of COVID-19, instead it will be the use of data-that is, big, aggregated biometric data which have not only shaped responses to the pandemic, but remain likely to produce the reconceptualization of both information and knowledge about the region in a way that will be at least as great as that which took place to meet the needs of the "New Imperialism." Furthermore, the definition and articulation of Southeast Asia has often reflected political and security considerations. Yet, the experience of COVID-19 could prove that data and security are now fused into a set of interests critical to policy-makers. Given that the pandemic should accelerate many existing trends, it might be foreseen these developments will herald the triumph of homo indicina: an epistemic condition whereby the human subject has become a kind of index for its harvestable data. If so, the "breakthroughs" for those who study Southeast Asia will follow in due course.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.491-496
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• 2021

In line with the modern era in which the safety of underground facilities and the use of underground information are increasingly emphasized, the state is pushing for more precise and accurate underground spatial information to be secured and utilized. Therefore, we need to pay more attention to subsurface geospatial data. In the future, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport will actively utilize the 15 types of Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map(6 types of underground facilities, 6 types of underground structures, 3 types of ground) that the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is building as three-dimensional underground spatial information, and contribute greatly to improving national safety and convenience in underground construction. expected to do However, when a site manager requests an Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map with a mobile device, if the large-capacity integrated underground space map is not quickly transmitted over the wireless section and is not serviced, it causes inconvenience to the site manager and delays work. In this paper, the goal of this paper is to enable field managers to quickly receive a tiled Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map with minimal information exchange. Therefore, the tiling system is configured according to the dataset for high-speed Mobile Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map transmission. In addition, a transmission system for the Mobile Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map is established, and a TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)-based spatial information tiling transmission protocol dedicated to the on-site Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map is developed.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.312-326
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• 2022

The generalized Hoek-Brown (GHB) criterion, which is recognized as one of the standard failure conditions for rock mass, is specialized for rock engineering applications and covers a wide range of rock mass conditions. Accordingly, many research efforts have been devoted to the incorporation of this criterion into the stability analysis of rock structures. In this study, the slip-line analysis method, which is a kind of elastoplastic analysis method, is combined with the GHB failure criterion to derive analytical equations that can easily calculate the plastic radius and stress distribution in the vicinity of the circular tunnel. In the process of derivation of related formulas, it is assumed that the behavior of rock mass after failure is perfectly plastic and the in-situ stress condition is hydrostatic. In the formulation, it is revealed that the plastic radius can be calculated analytically using the two respective tangential friction angles corresponding to the stress conditions at tunnel wall and elastic-plastic boundary. It is also shown that the plastic radius and stress distribution calculated using the derived analytical equations coincide with the results of Lee & Pietruszczak's numerical method published in 2008. In the latter part of this paper, the influence of the quality of the rock mass on the size of the plastic zone, the stress distribution, and the change of the tangential friction angle was investigated using the derived analytical equations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.97-117
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to suggest a mid- to long-term expansion plan to resolve the blind spot and alleviate the imbalance of public library services in Daegu City. The research methods for this purpose included literature review, related laws and statistical data analysis, case study, and opinion survey. As a result, the first service area was set as a total of 14 areas based on administrative districts(Jung-gu, Seo-gu, Nam-gu, and Dalseong-gun each have one, Dong-gu and Buk-gu each have two, and Suseong-gu and Dalseo-gu have three each). Second, the expansion scenario for public libraries in Daegu City was proposed to add 26 libraries by the final target year (2032) based on the trend of national library growth over the past 13 years (2008-2020) and the forecast for the next 10 years (2023-2032). Third, the construction scenarios for each basic local government, excluding the Daegu representative library, are as follows: One library each in Jung-gu, Seo-gu, and Nam-gu; two libraries in Suseong-gu; three libraries in Dalseong-gun; four libraries in Dong-gu; and seven libraries each in Buk-gu and Dalseo-gu. In terms of floor area, it is proposed to add a total of 17 branch libraries with a minimum legal standard of 330-2,499㎡, four central libraries with 2,500-4,999㎡ each, and four central libraries with 5,000-9,999㎡ each. On the premise of these conditions, Daegu City and public libraries should focus on creating an inclusive and open community space, creating a digital platform, strengthening the library operation and cooperation system centered on Daegu representative library, developing collections and specializing services for local hub libraries, enhancing various knowledge information and program services, managing key library indicators and improving social contribution.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.169-216
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• 2019

This study proposes the concept of Bachchin's Chronotope as a tool for analyzing coevolution between the genre of the epic and society. Bachchin says through the concept of chronotope, literary works are on the foundation on which the axs of time and space intersect, and the literary works standsuch intersections are always conversing with social and historical chronotopes and mutually penetrating. Thus, finding and analyzing chronotope in literary works and extended things such as films and dramas reveals how chronotope and chronotope of a society have created specific social realities through a process of resonance. To make analytical use of this concept, we proposed a "cronotope drama analysis method" and concretely analyzed the genre of Korean medical dramas. The naturalized categories of health care, health, and disease are socially constructed entities, and the analysis of public works that has a significant impact on this process of social construction is essential but was underperformed. According to the analysis, the Korean medical drama's "Chronotope" has evolved using "Chronotope of the school" and "Chronotope of the secret chamber". At this time, the genre of Chronotope was expanding spatially and converging in time. In other words, the influence of structures and systems within the genre has grown, and the capacity of individual actors has decreased. This change in chronotope was interpreted as resonating with the social reality of neo-liberalistic spatial expansion and simultaneous production. The neo-liberalistic trend that dominates Korean society has embraced the category of health care and was further influencing the chronotope of drama text. It can also be inferred that the popular understanding of health care produced by the medical drama genre has taken a break in the process of forming a social reality of health care again.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.150-168
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• 2023

The anisotropic behavior of rocks is primarily attributed to the directional arrangement of rock-forming minerals and the distribution characteristics of microcracks. Notably, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks often exhibit distinct transverse isotropy in terms of their strength and deformation characteristics. Consequently, it is crucial to gain accurate insights into the deformation and failure characteristics of transversely isotropic rocks during rock mechanics design processes. The deformation of such rocks is described by five independent elastic constants, which are determined through laboratory testing. In this study, the characteristics of the directional variation of apparent elastic constants in transversely isotropic rocks were investigated using experimental data reported in the literature. To achieve this, the constitutive equation proposed by Mehrabadi & Cowin was introduced to calculate the apparent elastic constants more efficiently and systematically in a rotated Cartesian coordinate system. Four transversely isotropic rock types from the literature were selected, and the influence of changes in the orientation of the weak plane on the variations of the apparent elastic modulus, apparent shear modulus, and apparent Poisson's ratio was analyzed. Based on the investigation, a new constraint on the elastic constants has been proposed. If the proposed constraint is satisfied, the directional variation of the apparent elastic constants in transversely isotropic rocks aligns with intuitive predictions of their tendencies.