• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 수리-역학적 유한요소 해석기법을 바탕으로 강우침투에 의한 비탈면 안정성과 커플링 효과를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 수리학적 특성과 역학적 특성을 동시에 고려할 수 있는 해석기법을 개발 하였으며, 현장모관흡수력 측정 결과를 활용하여 해석기법을 검증하였다. 이를 바탕으로 균질한 지층과 비탈면을 모델링 하여 강우발생에 따른 모관흡수력 변화, 평균유효응력, 간극률 변화, 지반 변위, 안전율의 결과를 단계별 해석결과와 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 간극률의 변화를 고려할 수 있는 커플링 해석의 변위는 단계별 해석에 비해 크게 나타났으며, 모관흡수력은 천천히 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 커플링 해석을 통해 동시에 계산된 변형과 모관흡수력 감소는 비탈면의 불안정성에 큰 영향을 미치며, 점진적 파괴거동을 확인할 수 있다. 커플링 해석을 통한 비탈면 안정해석 시, 단기간 발생한 강우에 대해 낮은 안전율을 보여 커플링 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 집중호우에 의한 비탈면 설계 시 커플링 해석이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2004

A study has been made to investigate the high temperature deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloyand to predict the final microstructure under given forming conditions. Equiaxed and $Widmanst\ddot{a}tten$ microstructures of Ti-6Al-4V alloys were prepared as initial microstructures. By performing the compression tests at high temperatures$(700\~1100^{\circ}C)$ and at a wide range of strain rates$(10^{-4}\~10^2/s)$, various parameters such as strain rate sensitivity(m) and activation energy(Q) were calculated and used to establish constitutive equations. When the specimens were deformed up to strain 0.6, equiaxed microstructure did not show any significant changes in microstructure, while $Widmanst\ddot{a}tten$ microstructure revealed considerable flow softening, which was attributed to the globularization of a platelet at the temperature range of $800\~970^{\circ}C$ and at the strain rate range of $10^{-4}\~10^{-2}/s$. To predict the final microstructure after forming, finite element analysis was performed considering the microstructural evolution during the deformation. The grain size and the volume fraction of second phase of deformed body were predicted and compared with the experimental results.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.142-150
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• 2001

Automotive manufactures have taken more interests in tailored sheet metals for improving the rigidity, weight reduction, crash durability, and cost savings so that their application to auto-bodies has been increased. However, since the tailored sheet metals do not behave like un-welded sheet metals in press forming operations, the stamping engineers no longer rely only on conventional forming techniques. Futhermore, there is no clear understanding of the characteristics of welded metal which influence the overall press formability of tailored sheet metals. Recently, the computer simulations are prevailing for the evaluation of the formability. Unfortunately, the mechanical property of tailored sheet metal has to be quantitatively defined in the simulation. In this study, the analytical equations are formulated in order to find the mechanical properties of the welded metal in the tailored sheet metal welded by co$_2$laser. Based on force distribution assumption, the constitutive behavior of the welded metal is investigated using uniaxial tensile test results of base metals and tailored sheet metal. Then, the strength coefficient, work-hardening exponent, and plastic strain ratio of laser-welded metal are calculate from those of base metals and tailored sheet metal. In addition, the existence of weld defects in the welded metal is indirectly detected by examining the slop of strength coefficient of the welded metal.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2008

혼합 보 이론과 적정변형 보 이론에 입각한 공탄성 해석 시스템을 결합하여 유연면을 갖는 복합재료 무힌지 로터에 대한 정지 및 전진 비행시의 공탄성 해석을 수행하였다. 블레이드에 작용하는 공기력은 Leishman-Beddoes의 비정상 공력 모델을 이용하여 구했다. 인장, 회전면 내외의 굽힘, 그리고 비틀림이 상호 연계된 블레이드에 대한 운동방정식은 Hamilton의 원리에 입각하여 유도하였다. 헬리콥터 블레이드의 공탄성 해석에 주요한 요소들인 단면 벽의 두께, 탄성연계, 그리고 구성방정식에 대한 적합한 가정과 같은 주요 구조 모델링 문제들에 대한 효과들을 고찰하였다. 이러한 요소들은 블레이드 단면의 복합재료 적층 구조에 민감하게 반응하며, 블레이드 안정성에도 적지 않은 영향을 나타냄을 보였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.997-1016
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• 2015

The contribution of tensioned concrete between cracks (tension-stiffening) cannot be ignored when analysing deformation of reinforced concrete elements. The tension-stiffening effect is crucial when it comes to adequately estimating the load-deformation response of steel reinforced concrete and the more recently appeared fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced concrete. This paper presents a unified methodology for numerical modelling of the tension-stiffening effect in steel as well as FRP reinforced flexural members using the concept of equivalent deformation modulus and the smeared crack approach to obtain a modified stress-strain relation of the reinforcement. A closed-form solution for the equivalent secant modulus of deformation of the tensioned reinforcement is proposed for rectangular sections taking the Eurocode 2 curvature prediction technique as the reference. Using equations based on general principles of structural mechanics, the main influencing parameters are obtained. It is found that the ratio between the equivalent stiffness and the initial stiffness basically depends on the product of the modular ratio and reinforcement ratio ($n{\rho}$), the effective-to-total depth ratio (d/h), and the level of loading. The proposed methodology is adequate for numerical modelling of tension-stiffening for different FRP and steel reinforcement, under both service and ultimate conditions. Comparison of the predicted and experimental data obtained by the authors indicates that the proposed methodology is capable to adequately model the tension-stiffening effect in beams reinforced with FRP or steel bars within wide range of loading.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2010

An airbag is composed of housing assembly, door assembly, cushion assembly, and an inflator. The inflator is the essential part that generates gas for airbag. When an airbag is activated, it effectively absorbs the crash energy of the passenger by inflating a cushion. In this study, tank tests were performed with newly synthesized propellants with various compositions, and the results are compared with the numerical results. In the simulation of inflator, a zonal model has been adopted which consisted of four zones of flow regions: combustion chamber, filter, gas plenum, and discharge tank. Each zone was described by the conservation equations with specified constitutive relations for gas. The pressure and temperature of each zone of the inflator were calculated and analyzed and the results were compared with the tank test data. In the zone of discharge tank the pressure quickly rose, the pattern of pressure curve was very similar to the pressure curve of real test. And in zone 1 & 2 & 3 the mass of products was increased and decreased with time. In zone 4, the mass of products was increased with time like real inflator. From the similarity of pressure curve in zone 4 and closed bomb calculation the modeled results are well correlated with the experimental values.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 압전 작동기가 삽입되거나 부착된 구조를 해석하기 위하여, 기존의 기계적 문제만을 고려한 9 절점 가정변형률 쉘 요소의 정식화를 전기-기계연성 문제에도 적용 가능하도록 확장하였다. 본 쉘요소는 잠김현상을 완화할 수 있고, 두께변형을 고려하기 위해 각 절점에서 6개의 자유도를 갖는 특징이 있다. 전기-기계 자유도들은 구성방정식을 이용하여 연계시켰다. 변위장은 요소의 전체 두께방향으로 선형으로 가정하였고, 전기적 포텐셜은 각각의 압전재료층에 대해 선형으로 가정하였다. 확장된 정식화에 기초한 유한요소 프로그램을 개발하였고, 수치예제들을 통해 프로그램을 검증하였다. 개발된 쉘 요소에 의한 결과는 다른 참고문헌들의 결과들과 잘 일치하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.861-876
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• 2015

Composite sections design consists on checking that the point defined by axial load and bending moment keeps included within the surface enclosed by the section interaction curve. Eurocode 4 suggests a method for tracing this diagram based on the plastic stress distribution method. However curves obtained according to this criterion overvalue concrete encased sections bearing capacity, especially when axial force comes with high bending moment values, so a correction factor is required. This article proposes a method for tracing this diagram based on the strain compatibility method. When stresses on the section are integrated by considering the Navier hypothesis, the use of the materials nonlinear constitutive equations provides curves much more adjusted to reality. This process requires the use of rather complex software which might reveal as too complex for practitioners. Preserving the same criteria of an elastic-plastic stress distribution, this article presents alternative expressions to obtain the failure internal forces in five significant points of the interaction diagram having considered five different positions of the neutral axis. These expressions are simply enough for their practical application. Concordance of curves traced strictly relying on these five points with those obtained by computer assisted stress integration considering the strain compatibility method and even with Eurocode 4 weighted curves will be presented for three different cross-sections and two different concrete strengths, revealing very good results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.427-448
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• 2014

At present, the time of easy oil and gas is over. Now, the largest part of fossil fuels is concentrated in the deepest levels of tectonic structures and in the sea shelves. One of the most cumbersome operations of their extraction is the bore-hole drilling. In connection with austere tectonic and climate conditions, their drivage every so often is associated with great and diversified technological difficulties causing emergencies on frequent occasions. As a rule, they are linked with drill string accidents. A key role in prediction of these situations should play methods of theoretical modelling. For this reason, there is a growing need for development and implementation of new numerical methods for computer simulation of critical and post-critical behavior of drill strings (DSs). In this paper, the processes of non-linear deforming of a DS in cylindrical cavity of a deep bore-hole are considered. On the basis of the theory of curvilinear flexible rods, non-linear constitutive differential equations are deduced. The effects of the longitudinal non-uniform preloading, action of torque and interaction between the DS and the bore-hole surface are taken into account. Owing to the use of curvilinear coordinates in the constraining cylindrical surface and a specially chosen concomitant reference frame, it became possible to separate the desired variables and to reduce the total order of the equation system. To solve it, the method of continuation the solution by parameter and the transfer matrix technique are applied. As a result of the completed numerical analysis, the critical states of the DS loading in the cylindrical channels of inclined bore-holes are found. It is shown that the modes of the post-critical deforming of the DS are associated with its irregular spiral curving prevailing in the zone of bottom-hole-assembly. The possibility of invariant state generation during post-critical deforming is established, condition of its bifurcation is formulated. It is shown that infinite variety of loads can correspond to one geometrical configuration of the DS. They differ each from other by contact force functions.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.151-159
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• 1996

구조용 콘크리트의 비선형 거동을 예측하기 위하여, 압축강도 연화현상, 거시적 및 회전균열모델등의 내용을 포함하고 있는 압축장 응력장 이론(CFT)에 근거한 유한요소법이 개발/제시되었다. 또한, 이와 관련하여 CFT가 암시하는 탄젠트 및 세칸트 재료강성이 반복계산해법의 관점에서 정의/논의되었다. 최종적으로 계산상의 효율성 증대 및 최대하중 이후의 거동 포착에 주안점을 두어 초기재료 강성을 채택한 변위증분법 논리 및 빠른 수렴을 위한 Over-Relaxtion방법이 Isoparametric계의 8-Node요소에 포함/유도되었다. 이와 같이하여 제시된 비선형 해석 프로그램 NASCOM은 응력 혼돈지역에 위치하는 콘크리트 평면요소의 하중 지지능력, 탄성범위 이후의 변형 특성, 균열양상 및 보강근의 항복범위등의 예측을 가능하게 하였다. NASCOM의 제한된 검증을 위하여, Cervenka의 판넬 시험결과에 대한 하중지지능력 및 변형이력등을 예측한 결과가 전체적인 의미에서 실험결과와 상응하는 일치를 나타내었다.