• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2019

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the related factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods The subjects were 187 persons diagnosed as fatty liver by abdominal ultrasonography. They were divided into three groups according to the severity of fatty liver: control, mild, moderate or severe. The three groups' general characteristics, laboratory results, liver function indexes, metabolic syndrome indexes, tumor markers, heart rate variability values and Sasang constitution distribution were compared and analyzed. Results Male ratio, height, weight, body mass index, red blood cell count, hemoglobin level and creatinine level were higher in NAFLD groups than in control group. The levels of sodium and amylase were higher in control than in NAFLD. In liver function, the levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpepsidase of NAFLD were higher. In metabolic syndrome index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher in NAFLD, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol level was higher in control. The alpha-feto protein level was higher in NAFLD, and the heart rate variability was not different between NAFLD and control groups. In Sasang constitution, Taeeumin ratio of NAFLD was higher than of control. Conclusions The results suggest that nonalcoholic fatty liver is clinically related to liver dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, tumor markers, and Sasang constitution. Further studies are needed to control nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and prevent severe disease such as cirrhosis and cancer caused by fatty liver.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of natural carbonated hot spring water (NCHW) on DNCB-induced NC/Nga mice, an atopic dermatitis (AD) model. Methods :At first, NC/Nga mice were prepared and induced to have atopic lesion on their back skin by dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). They swam for 20 minutes everyday in tanks where the one is filled with $28^{\circ}C$ NCHW, the other is with $25^{\circ}C$ carbonated hot spring water and another is with artificial carbonated hot spring water (ACHW). After 3 weeks, We assessed the skin clinical score and macroscopic appearance, total IgE, IgG1 levels, WBC differential counting, IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$ production levels and histological changes. Results : There are meaningful results of improving atopic lesion-state by relieving the count of total IgE, IgG1 levels, WBC differential counting, IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$ production levels and recovering skin clinical score in the group with $28^{\circ}C$ NCHW in comparison with the other groups. Conclusions : The NCHW may have potential as an effective treatment for atopic dermatitis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.789-798
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• 2009

In Sasang constitutional medicine, I have researched the process of visceral structure in the Eight Constitutionals under circulation of the five elements and the formation of primary source of illness. From this research, I could draw following conclusions through combination of the auxiliary psycho-formulas by applying the constitutional acupuncture therapy on the five elements diagnostic calculation. Since the arrangement for the five dimensions of organs in the eight constitutions has been formulated by circulation of the five elements in Sasang constitutions, if the five elements begin circulating count-clockwise from the reference point at the organs in Sasang constitutional medicine, the positive constitutional arrangement of organs is built up such as, the positive constitution of metal, earth, wood and water, while begin circulating clockwise, the negative constitutional arrangement of organs is formulated, such as the negative constitutions of metal, earth, wood and water. The source of illness results from imbalance of the organic force being generated by transfer of the five elements from compatibility to incompatibility when the five elements circulate. Hence, it has been acknowledged that if the source of illness comes from the strongest organ, it is the time when circulation of the five elements progresses from the second organ (the second strongest) in incompatibility, and if the source of illness comes from the weakest organ, it is the time when circulation of the five elements progresses from the third organ (the middle) in incompatibility. It is considered proper to diagnose meridians of the pericardium and the Triple Burners rather than to diagnose meridians of the heart and the small intestine which forms the visceral arrangement of the eight constitutions. For instance, the auxiliary psycho-formula obtains its prescription by attenuating the first organ (the strongest) while augmenting the fourth organ (the second weakest) when the axis of incompatibility in the five elements circulation crosses the second and the third organs, and it gets its prescription by attenuating the second organ(the second strongest) while augmenting the fifth organ(the weakest) when the axis of incompatibility in the five elements circulation crosses the third and the fourth organs. In addition, when medicating, the $4{\sim}5$ times of repeated performance can be assumed to represent the amount of an energy that each organ bears depending on the phase in the arrangement of the eight constitutional organs.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2007

1. Objectives The object of this thesis is to find the basis on why Jejo was assigned as a Taeumin medicine, and to understand Taeumin edema. 2. Methods ${\ulcorner}$Dongyisusebowon${\lrcorner}$ 'Shinchukbon', 'Gabobon', 'Chobonkwun', other related Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) books, herbal medicine books such as ${\ulcorner}$Bonchokangmok${\lrcorner}$, and etc. were compared and researched. 3. Results & Conclusions (1) In Sasang Constitutional Medicine, edema is seen as a critical condition. The first cause of edema in Taeumin is fatigue, a condition where the flow of Qi and Fluid Qi is stagnated. Secondly, edema is caused as Taeeumin is mentally stressed(勞心焦思) and he/she is unable to accomplish his/her plans over many trials or as when they find pleasure in striving for greed. When Lungs which is Incline & Small Viscera(偏小之臟) in Taeumin decreases, it diminishes Real Count of Longevity(命脈實數) which leads to edema formation. (2) Perspective of Human Nature & Character(心性學) and Regimen(養生法) became included gradually in the treatment methods and prescription of edema in Taeumin as ${\ulcorner}$Dongyisusebowon${\lrcorner}$ was revised over time. The revisions also lead to more diversity in prescriptions. (3) Jejo didn't appear In ${\ulcorner}$Dongyisusebowon${\lrcorner}$ 'Chobonkwun' and 'Gabobon'. It was first presented in 'Shinchukbon' as a medicine to treat edema in Taeumin. (4) Jejo have effects of easing clumps. Also it has a strong radiating ability(發散力) which induces perspiration to treat diseases. Finally Jejo is used to remove Takki(濁氣) by utilizing powerful Exhale Gathering Qi contained in it.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8629-8631
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• 2016

Background: Primary idiopathic myelofibrosis (PMF) is a clonal Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by extramedullary hematopoiesis and marrow fibrosis. It is an uncommon hematopoietic malignancy which primarily affects elderly individuals. The rational of this study was to determine its clinico-epidemiological profile along with risk stratification in Pakistani patients. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross sectional study, 20 patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis were enrolled from January 2011 to December 2014. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 22. Results: The mean age was $57.9{\pm}16.5years$ with 70% of patients aged above 50. The male to female ratio was 3:1. Overall only 10% of patients were asymptomatic and the remainder presented with constitutional symptoms. In symptomatic patients, major complaints were weakness (80%), weight loss (75%), abdominal discomfort (60%), night sweats (13%), pruritus (5%) and cardiovascular accidents (5%). Physical examination revealed splenomegaly as a predominant finding detected in 17 patients (85%) with the mean splenic span of $22.2{\pm}2.04cm$. The mean hemoglobin was $9.16{\pm}2.52g/dl$ with the mean MCV of $88.2{\pm}19.7fl$. The total leukocyte count of $17.6{\pm}19.2{\times}10^9/l$ and platelets count were $346.5{\pm}321.9{\times}10^9/l$. Serum lactate dehydrogenase, serum creatinine and uric acid were $731.0{\pm}154.1$, $0.82{\pm}0.22$ and $4.76{\pm}1.33$ respectively. According to risk stratification, 35% were in high risk, 40% in intermediate risk and 25% in low risk groups. Conclusions: The majority of PMF patients were male and presented with constitutional symptoms in our setting. Risk stratification revealed predominance of advanced disease in our series.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.315-337
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• 1997

In order to compare the dffects of $Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$(葛根解肌湯) of "Dongeuisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)and Won's(元)-$Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$(葛根解肌湯) of "Dongeuisasansinpyun(東醫四象新編)" on the immune respone, Sprague-Dawley male rats were used and randomly divided into four groups. Normal group was under normal condition, Control group was injected i.v. with 2mg/kg Methotrexate(MTX) on the 9th day and 11th day after sensitization with SRBC on the 5th day, $Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group was fed with 1ml of $Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ and Won's-$Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group was fed with 1ml of Won's-$Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ by oral during eighteen days. In the 9th day and the 11th day after oral feeding with medication, MTX was injected in tail of rats in order to reduce immune function. Leukocyte count, lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte count of spleen, lymphocyte count of bone marrow, contact hypersensitivity to DNFB, morphologic change of thymus cell, and electropherogram of serum protein were estimated and compared according to the group. The results are as follows : 1. Before and after MTX injection, leukocyte(WBC) count was increased signigicantly in Won's-$Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group compared to control group. $Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group had no significant difference compared to control group. 2. Before and after MTX injection, lymphocyte ratio was not significantly different in Won's-$Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group and in $Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group compared to control group. 3. The lymphocyte count of spleen was increased significantly in $Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group compared to control group and Won's-$Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group. Won's-$Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group had no significant difference compared to control group. 4. The lymphocyte count of bone marrow was increased significantly in Won's-$Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group compared to control group and $Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group. $Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group had no significant difference compared to control group. 5. Contact hypersensitivity was increased significantly in Won's-$Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group compared to other group. $Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group had no significant difference compared to control groups. 6. In the morphologic change of thymus cell, control group compared to normal group had a indistinct boundary between cortex and medulla and lymphocyte cell density of thymus was low. $Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group and Won's-$Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group compared to control group had a definite boundary between cortex and medulla and lymphocyte cell density of thymus was high. 7. In the SDS-PAGE electropherogram of serum protein, Won's-$Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group had a wide band of nearby 25,000 Dalton, and which meant IgG generated more actively. Considering this results, $Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group and Won's-$Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group have an effect on the depression of immune function induced by MTX, and especially Won's-$Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group has an significant effect than $Galg{\breve{u}}nhaegit'ang$ group.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2022

Objectives : Recent studies reported that Dokwhalkisaeng-tang (DHJST) could relieve the clinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms and the level of RA-related blood test. However, evidence-based review on effectiveness and safety of DHJST with medication on RA was not yet provided. Methods : Searching randomized controlled trials on the use of DHJST for RA will be performed using multiple electronic databases, manual search, and contact to author. Studies will be selected according to the pre-defined criteria and collected data on study participants, interventions, control groups, outcome measurements, the results, adverse events, and risk of bias will be summarized. Primary outcome will be the disease activity score (including effective rate, swollen joint count, tender joint count, and morning stiffness), and the secondary outcomes will be RA-related blood test and adverse events. We will use Review Manager software to perform a meta-analysis, Cochrane Collaboration "risk of bias" tool for assessing the risk of bias, and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation for the determination of quality of evidence. Results : We are going to investigate the effectiveness and safety of DHJST with medication for RA. Conclusion : This study will provide reliable evidence on whether DHJST combined with medicine is more effective on RA than medicine monotherapy.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.308-317
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• 2007

This study was investigated to know the correlation of complete blood count(CBC), biochemical examination and DSOM fluents(Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine, (C)2005-01-122-004154). There are 5 fluents in DSOM such as DSOM score(病機點數), mean of the index for pathogenic factor(病機指標 平均), 5-division of DSOM score(病機點數 五點尺度), 5-division of the index for pathogenic factor(病機點數 五點尺度), weighted pathogenic factor(病機加重値).We have carried out clinical trials who volunteered for Sasang constitutional medicine and Oriental OB & GY, Oriental Medical hospital of Dong-Eui University, from May 2005 to June 2006. Volunteers were 245 persons. Because 7 persons didn't checkup DSOM, so we analyzed the results statistically for 238 persons. In the relation of CBC and DSOM, the scores(病機點數, zp) and mean of the index for Pathogenic factor(病機指標 平均, zps) showed correlation more frequently, and correlation with results of RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit was more significant. Correlation with fluents of pathogenic factor(病機) were more significant and high in deficiency of blood(血虛), insufficiency of Yang(陽虛), coldness(寒), damp(濕), dryness(燥), kidney(腎), phlegm(痰), heat syndrom(熱), lung(肺), and was very low in spleen(脾). There was no correlation with deficiency of Yin(陰虛). If volunteers have DSOM fluents, results of RBC and RBC index was decreased(- derection), and results of RDW, ESR was increased(+ direction). But increase and decrease direction in heat syndrom(熱), lung(肺) was contrary to the others. Correlation with fluents of Pathogenic factor(病機) of WBC, platlet, PDW, MPV was not many. In the relation of biochemical examination and DSOM fluents, correlation with results of albumin, uric acid, triglyceride was more significant. If volunteers have fluents of pathogenic factor(病機), result of examination was usually decreased. Especially result of examination was decreased(- derection) highly in deficiency of blood(血虛), stagnation of (氣滯) coldness(寒), dryness(燥), and was increased(+ direction) highly in heat syndrom(熱), lung(肺). But there was a tendency to show high correlation with specific pathogenic factor (病機) and specific examination in biochemical examination.