• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.53.2-53.2
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• 2011

Ti metal has superior mechanical properties along with biocompatibility, but it still has the problem of bio-inertness thus forming weaker bond in bone/implant interface and long term clinical performance as orthopaedic and dental devices are restricted for stress shielding effect. On the other hand, despite the excellent biodegradable behavior as being an integral constituent of the natural bone, the mechanical properties of ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate $(Ca_3(PO_4)_2;\;{\beta}-TCP)$ ceramics are not reliable enough for post operative load bearing application in human hard tissue defect site. One reasonable approach would be to mediate the features of the two by making a composite. In this study, ${\beta}$-TCP/Ti ceramic-metal composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering in inert atmosphere to inhibit the formation of $TiO_2$. Composites of 30 vol%, 50 vol% and 70 vol% ${\beta}$-TCP with Ti were fabricated. Detailed microstructural and phase characteristics were investigated by FE-SEM, EDS and XRD. Material properties like relative density, hardness, compressive strength, elastic modulus etc. were characterized. Cell viability and biocompatibility were investigated using the MTT assay and by examining cell proliferation behavior.

• Plant Resources
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2002

The heading date is known to be controlled by two kinds of genetic constituent, photosensitivity and basic vegetable phase. For the latter, the effect of temperature in early growth period is critical to determine the shortness of vegetative growth periods in plant's life. A phytotron experiment on 55 rice cultivars, consisting of two ecotypes of rices, indica and japonica, was conducted at high and low temperature treatments at early growth stage to investigate the possible role of plant growth stimulus by high temperature to associate with shortening of heading date. The high temperature during the early growth stage stimulated the rice growth as measured by plant height with much difference of the growth response between indica and japonica. The conclusive finding that these growth stimulus in early growth stage was highly correlated with the acceleration of heading is, more or less, correlated with the heading of the late growth stage although we could not conclude the genes for early plant growth stimulus by high temperature is the same genes as the genes for accelerating of heading in the late growth stage of plants.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2012

Electromigration in molten $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ (GST) was characterized using pulsed DC stress to an isolated line structure. When an electrical pulse was applied to the GST, GST lines were melted by Joule heating, and Ge and Sb atoms migrate to the cathode, whereas Te atoms migrate to the anode. This elemental separation in the molten GST was caused by an electrostatic force-induced electromigration. The effects of O-, N-, and Bi-doping on the electromigration were also investigated, and atomic mobility changes by the doping were investigated by quantifying $DZ^*$ values. The Bi -doping did not affect the $DZ^*$ values of the constituent atoms in the molten GST, but the D$DZ^*$ values decreased by O-doping and N-doping.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.258-268
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• 2004

We demonstrate rotationally invariant space-time (ST) trellis codes with a 4-D rectangular signal constellation for data transmission over fading channels using two transmit antennas. The rotational invariance is a good property to have that may alleviate the task of the carrier phase tracking circuit in the receiver. The transmitted data stream is segmented into eight bit blocks and quadrature amplitude modulated using a 256 point 4-D signal constellation whose 2-D constituent constellation is a 16 point square constellation doubly partitioned. The 4-D signal constellation is simply the Cartesian product of the 2-D signal constellation with it-self and has 32 subsets. The partition is performed on one side into four subsets A, B, C, and D with increased minimum-squared Euclidian distance, and on the other side into four rings, where each ring includes four points of equal energy. We propose both linear and nonlinear ST trellis codes and perform simulations using an appropriate multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel model. The 4-D ST codes constructed here demonstrate about the same frame error rate (FER) performance as their 2-D counterparts, having however the added value of rotational invariance.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.690-696
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• 2005

The ultrastructure ore of a nanostructured apatite film nucleated from solution was studied to gain insights into that of bone minerals which is the most important constituent to sustain the strength of bones. Needle-shaped apatite crystal plates with a bimodal size distribution $(\~100\;to\;\~1000 nm)$ were randomly distributed and they were found to grow parallel to the c-axis ([002]), driven by the reduction of surface energy. Between these randomly distributed needle-shaped apatite crystals which are parallel to the film, apatite crystals (20-40nm) with the normal of the grains quasi-perpendicular to the c-axis were observed. These observations suggest that the apatite film is the interwoven structure of apatite crystals with the c-axis parallel and quasi-perpendicular to the fan. In some regions, amorphous calcium phosphate, which is a precursor of apatite, was also observed. In the amorphous phase, small crystalline particle with the size of 2-3 nm were observed. These particles were quite similar, in size and shape, to those observed in the femoral trabecular bone, suggesting the nucleation of apatites by a biomimetic process in vitro is similar to that in vivo.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 액체 매질 내 기포운에 의한 초음파의 감쇠 및 분산 특성을 다룬다. 액체 내 기포운은 다양한 기작에 의해 발생되며 이에 따라 기포운을 구성하는 기포들의 크기와 분포가 다양한 양상을 가지게 된다. 따라서 기포들의 크기와 분포에 따라 기포운의 감쇠와 분산 특성이 어떻게 변화하는지에 중점을 둔다. 특히 아직 보고된 바 없는 나노 기포운의 감쇠 및 분산 특성에 대하여 조명하고자 한다. 수치해석 결과, 기포운의 음향 감쇠 및 분산 특성은 구성 기포들의 첨예도에 따라 크게 변화하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 기포운 내 음향 전파의 심도 있는 이해에 일조할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.31.1-31.1
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• 2009

In an approach to acclimate ourselves torecent ecological consciousness trend, a lead-free piezoelectric material, bismuth sodium titanate (abbreviated as BNT) based bismuth sodium barium titanate (abbreviated as BNT-BT), was considered as an environment-friendly alternative for a lead based piezoelectric system. Ceramic specimens of0.94[(BixNa0.5)TiO3]-0.06[BaTiO3] (x = 0.500~0.515) compositions were prepared by a modified mixed oxide method. To increase the chemical homogeneity andre action activity, high energy mechanical milling machine and pre-milled nanosized powder has been used. In this method (BixNa0.5)TiO3 (x=0.500~0.515) andBaTiO3 were prepared separately from pre-milled constituent materials at low calcination temperature and then separately prepared BNTX (X=1, 2, 3 and 4) and BT were mixed by high energy mechanical milling machine. Without further calcination step the mixed powders were pressed into disk shape and sintered at $1110^{\circ}C$. Microstructures, phase structures and electrical properties of the ceramic specimens were systematically investigated. Highly dense ceramic specimens with homogenous grains were prepared in spite of relatively low sintering temperature. Phase structures were not significantly influenced by the excess amount Bi. Large variation on the piezoelectric and dielectric properties was detected at relative high excess Bi amounts. When $x{\leq}0.505$, the specimens exhibit insignificant variation in piezoelectric and dielectric constant though depolarization temperature is found to be decreased. Considerable amount of decrease in piezoelectric and dielectric properties are observed with higher excess of Bi amounts ($x{\geq}0.505$). This research indicates the advantages of high energy mechanical milling and importance of proper maintenance of Bi stoichiometry.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.675-686
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• 2005

본 논문은 고스트를 포함하는 텔레비전 영상신호의 송수신 과정을 수학적으로 모델링하여 감쇠, 지연시간, 위상 및 타이밍 지터를 고려한 고스트를 근사화를 전혀 하지 않고 컴퓨터를 이용하여 발생시킬 수 있도록 해주는 수학적 모델링 및 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 방법을 제안한다. 종래에는 다항식 보간, 복소수 처리 등으로 고스트의 위상을 고려했으나 본 논문에서는 힐버트 변환을 도입하여 실수 처리만으로 임의의 위상을 가진 고스트를 정확하게 만들어 줄 수 있게 하고 고속 푸리에 변환을 사용하여 컴퓨터 수행시간을 단축할 수 있게 해준다. 또한 기저 대역에서가 아니라 IF 및 RF 주파수 범위에서 신호의 파형을 관찰할 수 있도록 하였다. 소프트웨어적으로 발생시킨 고스트 패턴은 고스트 제거 알고리듬의 개발에 필요한 데이터를 제공해 줄 뿐만 아니라 텔레비전 신호의 송수신계 전체를 구성하는 각 블록의 역할을 분석하는 데에도 매우 유용하다. 이러한 고스트 발생 과정의 모델링 및 시뮬레이션 작업은 고스트 제거기를 제작하기 전에 선행되어야 할 필요가 있다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2017

모바일 기기 내부에 있는 전자부품들은 반도체 칩이나 그 밖의 여러 가지 재료로 구성되어 있다. 이러한 전자부품들은 매우 얇고, 구성된 재료들은 다양한 열팽창 계수를 가지고 있으므로 온도 변화나 외부 하중에 의해서 쉽게 굽힘이 일어난다. 그림자 무아레 방법은 비접촉으로 전체 영역에 걸친 면외변위를 측정하는 광학적 방법이지만 측정 감도를 $50{\mu}m/fringe$ 이내로 하기 어려워서 반도체 패키지의 굽힘변형을 측정하기에는 적당하지 않은 면이 있었다. 본 논문에서는 그림자 무아레 기법의 여러 실험조건들을 최적화하여 $25{\mu}m/fringe$의 향상된 감도를 갖는 측정 방법을 구현하였다. 또한 이로부터 위상이동에 의해 기록되는 4장의 그림자 무늬를 영상 처리하여 감도가 4배 향상된 그림자 무늬를 얻어내고 이를 스마트폰의 소형 전자부품들에 적용하여 온도변화에 따라 발생하는 굽힘 변위를 $5{\mu}m/fringe$의 고감도로 측정하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.893-900
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• 1997

기상 재순환 평형조를 사용하여 대기압 이하의 여러 압력에서 glycerol-물 계에 대한 기-액 평형을 측정하였다. 이 연구에서 고려한 이성분계는 비등점 차이가 매우 큰 성분들로 구성되어 있다. 비등점의 차이가 큰 혼합물의 경우, 순수한 성분으로부터 유추할 수 있는 물리적 특성은 실제 혼합물의 특성과는 매우 다르므로 정확한 혼합물의 특성을 이해하지 않으면 안된다. 특히 비등점이 높은 성분의 액상농도가 증가하면 혼합물의 비등점이 급격하게 높아지는 현상이 일어난다. 그러므로 실제공정의 효율적 운전을 위해서는 비이상성 혼합물의 상평형에 관한 정보가 필수적이다. 측정한 기-액 평형 데이터는 UNIQUAC 모델을 이용하여 정확하게 상관관계 시킬 수 있었다. 또한, 데이터의 건전성을 확인하기 위하여 열역학적 건전성 테스트를 수행하였다.