• 센서학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2020

Nondispersive infrared CO₂ gas sensor was developed after the simulation of optical cavity structure and assembling the optical components: IR source, concave reflectors, Fresnel lens, a hollow disk, and IR detectors. By placing a hollow disk in front of reference IR detector, the output voltages are almost constant value, near to 70.2 mV. The absorbance of IR light, F_a, shows the second order of polynomial according to ambient temperatures at 1,500 ppm. The differential output voltages and the absorbance of IR light give a higher accuracy in estimations of CO₂ concentrations with less than ± 1.5 % errors. After implementing the parameters that are dependent upon the ambient temperatures in microcontroller unit (MCU), the measured CO₂ concentrations show high accuracies (less than ± 1.0 %) from 281 K to 308 K and the time constant of developed sensor is about 58 sec at 301 K. Even though the estimation errors are relatively high at low concentration, the developed sensor is competitive to the commercial product with a high accuracy and the stability.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.1402-1408
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• 2020

에너지를 절감하기 위해 고효율 히트펌프를 개발하기 위한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있으며, 실외기 코일에 발생하는 서리가 발생하는 현상을 줄이거나 없애기 위한 연구도 동시에 이루어지고 있다. 계절에 관계없이 히트펌프의 실외기에 서리가 발생하지 않는 연구를 진행할 수 있도록 자연상태와 동일한 조건에서 실험할 수 있는 항온챔버를 구축하였다. 실험장치의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 실험장치인 항온챔버 내의 실외기 앞 덕트의 직선 길이를 3가지 조건으로 나누어 시뮬레이션 하였다. 그 결과 덕트 관경의 10배 길이만큼 직선 공간을 확보해야 한다는 것을 알게 되었다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2004년도 제22회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.327-334
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• 2004

Spectroscopic and electrostatic probe measurements were made to examine plasma characteristics with or without a metal plate for a 10-㎾-class direct-current arcjet Heat fluxes into the plate from the plasma were also evaluated with a Nickel slug and thermocouple arrangement. Ammonia and mixtures of nitrogen and hydrogen were used. The NH$_3$ and $N_2$+3H$_2$ plasmas in the nozzle and in the downstream plume without a plate were in thermodynamical nonequilibrium states. As a result, the H-atom electronic excitation temperature and the $N_2$ molecule-rotational excitation temperature intensively decreased downstream in the nozzle although the NH molecule-rotational excitation temperature did not show an axial decrease. Each temperature was kept in a small range in the plume without a plate except for the NH rotational temperature for NH$_3$ gas. On the other hand, as approaching the plate, the thermodynamical nonequilibrium plasma came to be a temperature-equilibrium one because the plasma flow tended to stagnate in front of the plate. The electron temperature had a small radial variation near the plate. Both the electron number density and the heat flux decreased radially outward, and an increase in H$_2$ mole fraction raised them at a constant radial position. In cases with NH$_3$ and $N_2$+3H$_2$ a large number of NH radical with a radially wide distribution was considered to cause a large amount of energy loss, i.e., frozen flow loss, for arcjet thrusters.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.297-306
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 우란바톨(Ulanbator)에서 북경(Beijing)사이의 지역에서 샘플링한 응회암 풍화토의 동상 특성을 규명하기 위해 상재하중 변화에 따른 동결점 저하를 중심으로 양단면 온도 일정$(상단 5^{\circ}C,\; 하단 5^{\circ}C)$의 동상실험 실시하였다. 본 실험을 통해, 빙편 성장에 따른 체적 팽창과 동결면으로의 수분이동을 확인하였다. 그리고 상재하중과 온도와의 관계식을 제안하였다. 상재하중이 증가함에 따라 동상속도는 비례적으로 감소하였고 빙편발생온도의 절대치는 증가하였다. 또한 동결부분의 함수비가 미동결 부분보다 크게, 특히 동결부분에서도 빙정에 가까울수록 함수비는 증가하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2001

A constant volume combustion chamber is employed to investigate the initial flame kernel development and flame propagation of gasoline-air mixtures with various ignition systems, ignition energy and spark plug electrodes. To do this research, four ignition systems are designed and manufactured, and the ignition energy is controlled by varying the dwell time. Several kinds of spark plugs are also made to analyze the effects of electrodes on flame kernel development. The velocity of flame propagation is measured by the laser deflection method. The output laser beam from He-Ne laser is divided into three parallel beams by a beam splitter. The splitted beams pass through the combustion chamber. They are deflected when contacted with flame front, and the voltage signals from photodiodes change due to deflection. The results show that higher ignition energy raises the flame propagation speed especially under the fuel lean operation. The wider electrode gap, smaller electrode diameter and sharper electrode tip make the speed of the initial flame propagation faster. The speed of the initial flame propagation is affected by electrode material as well. Electrode material with lower melting temperature help the initial flame propagation.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.414-421
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• 2000

This study was discussed about the thermal characteristics of finned tube heat exchanger having two row used in the air-conditioning application. Pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient were measured and investigated for the 3 times models of plain fin. Also the temperature distribution and heat conduction in the fin was measured by using the liquid crystal method. The surface temperature of rear row was nearly constant, and heat conduction in the fin was stronger near the front row than the rear row.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.114.1-114.1
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• 2011

Electrical sintering of the front electrode for crystalline silicon solar cells was performed applying a constant DC current to the printed lines. Conducting lines were printed on glass substrate by a drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjet printer and silver nanoparticle ink. Specific resistance and microstructure of sintered silver lines and were measured with varying DC current. To find the relation between temperature increase with changing applied current and specific resistance, temperature elevation was also calculated. Sintering process finished within a few milliseconds. Increasing applied DC current, specific resistance decreased and grain size increased after sintering. Achieved minimum specific resistance is approximately 1.7 times higher than specific resistance of the bulk silver.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2001

This study deals with the thermal characteristics of finned-tube heat exchanger having two rows used in the air-conditioning application. Pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient were measured by using the three times models of plain fin and compared with the theory. Also the temperature distribution and heat conduction in the fin was measured by using the liquid crystal method. The surface temperature of rear row was nearly constant, and heat conduction in the fin was stronger near the front row than the rear row.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.110-116
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• 1994

In this research, the tensile strength of molded parts and pressure distribution were analyzed to study the cavity filling stage and packing stage in injection molding. The measurement of cavity pressure was obtained by a data acquisition system with the installation of transducers in the cavity. Molded parts were tested by a universal testing machine to obtain the tensile strength. For the experimental work, the tensile strength of molded parts increased with longer packing time and exact freezing time of the gate was obtained by a cavity pressure curve. In addition, the effect of packing did not occur and tensile strength was almost constant after early 1.5 sec of the freezing time of gate. Density tended to be higher about 0.2% due to a larger degree of mold temperature and melt temperature. Also, changing pressure in the cavity was effectively sensed. Thereafter, the possibility of the development of pattern recognition expert system was confirmed on the basis of the experimental results.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.967-975
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 40 GHz 대역에서 동작하는 IEEE 802.16 고정 무선 통신을 위한 천이, 소형 TDD 송수신 모듈의 front-end 모듈을 설계하고 구현하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 모듈은 저손실과 소형화를 동시에 달성하기 위하여 캐비티 공정을 가지는 다층 LTCC 기술을 이용하여 제작되었다. 스위치의 입출력단에 와이어본드 정합회로의 설계 및 안테나와의 연결을 위한 도파관 천이 구조를 통해 저손실의 천이를 얻었으며, 기존 금속 도파관 필터를 대체한 유전체 도파관 필터를 사용함으로써 소형화를 달성하였다. 이를 구현하기 위해 유전율 7.1, 두께 100 um인 총 6층의 LTCC 기판을 사용하였으며 제작된 소형 front-end 모듈의 크기는 $30{\times}7{\times}0.8mm^3$이다. 그리고 송수신 삽입 손실 < 5.3 dB, 이미지 신호 제거 > 49 dB의 우수한 천이를 얻을 수 있었다.