• Title/Summary/Keyword: Constant-Current Corrosion Test

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Laboratory Simulation of Corrosion Damage in Reinforced Concrete

  • Altoubat, S.;Maalej, M.;Shaikh, F.U.A.
    • International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.383-391
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    • 2016
  • This paper reports the results of an experimental program involving several small-scale columns which were constructed to simulate corrosion damage in the field using two accelerated corrosion techniques namely, constant voltage and constant current. A total of six columns were cast for this experiment. For one pair of regular RC columns, corrosion was accelerated using constant voltage and for another pair, corrosion was accelerated using constant current. The remaining pair of regular RC columns was used as control. In the experiment, all the columns were subjected to cyclic wetting and drying using sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The currents were monitored on an hourly interval and cracks were visually checked throughout the test program. After the specimens had suffered sufficient percentage steel loss, all the columns including the control were tested to failure in compression. The test results generated show that accelerated corrosion using impressed constant current produces more corrosion damage than that using constant voltage. The results suggest that the constant current approach can be better used to simulate corrosion damage of reinforced concrete structures and to assess the effectiveness of various materials, repair strategies and admixtures to resist corrosion damage.

On Corrosion Behaviors in Welded Zone of API 5L-X65 Steel for Natural Gas Transmission (천연가스 수송용 API 5L-X65강 용접부의 부식거동에 관한 연구)

  • JO SANG-KEUN;SONG HAN-SEOP;KONG Yu-SIK;KIM YOUNG-DAI
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.50-56
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    • 2004
  • This study is on the constant-current stress corrosion test, related to the load stress, in both the welded and non-welded zones of high tensile strength steel that is used for natural gas transmission. The surface corrosion pattern of the welded zone of API 5L-X65 specimens for natural gas transmission showed general corrosion and narrow pitting, and the pitting was increased with load stress. Initially, the average relative electrode potential and the average relative current of the high tensile strength steel, used for natural gas transmission specimens, were decreased rapidly, and the average relative electrode potential was higher and the average relative current was lower in welded zone, compared to base metal. The average relative electrode potential was decreased with load stress, and the average relative current was somewhat increased by increasing the load stress. The corrosion rate was less in welded zone, compared to base metal, and the corrosion rate was decreased by increasing the load stress.

A Study on Stress Corrosion Behaviors in Welded Zone of the API 5L-X65 Steel for Natural Gas Transmission (천연가스 수송용 API 5L-X65강 용접부의 부식거동에 관한 연구)

  • JO SANG-KEUN;SONG HAN-SEOP;KONG YOO-SIK;KIM YUONG-DAI
    • Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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    • 2004.05a
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    • pp.401-407
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    • 2004
  • This study is on the constant-current stress corrosion test related to the load stress in welded zone and non-welded zone of high tensile strength steel for natural gas transmission. The surface corrosion pattern of the welded zone of API 5L-X65 specimens for natural gas transmission showed global corrosion and narrow pitting, and the pitting was increased by increasing the load stress. Initially, the average relative electrode potential and the average relative current of the high tensile strength steel for natural gas transmission specimens was decreased suddenly, and the average relative electrode potential was higher and the average relative current was lower in welded zone than base metal. and the average relative electrode potential was decreased by increasing the load stress, and the average relative current was somewhat increased by increasing the load stress. The corrosion rate was less in welded zone than base metal, and the corrosion rate was decreased by increasing the load stress.

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Effect of Applied Current Density on the Corrosion Damage of Steel with Accelerated Electrochemical Test (전기화학적 가속 부식 평가법에서 강재의 부식 손상에 미치는 인가전류밀도의 영향)

  • Lee, Jung-Hyung;Park, Il-Cho;Park, Jae-Cheul;Kim, Seong-Jong
    • Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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    • v.49 no.5
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    • pp.423-430
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    • 2016
  • In this study, we investigated the corrosion damage characteristics of steel for offshore wind turbine tower substructure using an accelerated electrochemical test. The galvanostatic corrosion test method was employed with a conventional 3 electrode cell in natural sea water, and the steel specimen was served as a working electrode to induce corrosion in an accelerated manner. Surface and cross-sectional image of the damaged area were obtained by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The weight of the specimens was measured to determine the gravimetric change before and after corrosion test. The result revealed that the steel tended to suffer uniform corrosion rather than localized corrosion due to active dissolution reaction under the constant current regime. With increasing galvanostatic current density, the damage depth and surface roughness of surface was increased, showing approximately 25 times difference in damage depth between the lowest current density ($1mA/cm^2$) and the highest current density ($200mA/cm^2$). The gravimetric observation showed that the weight loss was proportionally increased with increment of current density that has 75 times different according by experimental conditions. Consequently, uniform corrosion of the steel specimen was conveniently induced by the electrochemically accelerated corrosion technique, and it was possible to control the extent of the corrosion damage by varying the current density.

Effect of Corrosion Characteristics in Relation to Loaded Stress in the Welded Zone of A5083-H116 Aluminum Alloy (A5083-H116 알루미늄 합금재 용접부의 부하응력에 따른 부식특성의 영향)

  • Jo, S.K.;Kong, Y.S.;Kim, Y.D.
    • Journal of Power System Engineering
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.44-51
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    • 2004
  • Effect of corrosion characteristics in relation to loaded stress in the welded zone of A5083-H116 aluminum alloy, in the seawater was studied. The corrosion experiment was performed for 120 hours on the specimens in the natural seawater tank with four steps of the loaded stress. The corrosion crack, corrosion rate, electrode potential, current, and corrosion pattern, etc. were examined for the specimens with the elapse of the immersion time. The main result derived from this study is the crack growth length is increased with the increasing loaded stress. The electrode potential and the corrosion current are decreased rapidly in the early stage of the corrosion, and then decreased gradually and stabilized eventually with the elapse of the immersion time. The test condition of the longer crack growth tends to show the higher corrosion rate. Corrosion pattern of the welded zone indicates that the depth and width of the pitting become increasing with the increasing loaded stress.

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The Effect of Alloying Elements and Heat Treatment on the Uniform Corrosion of 440A Martensitic Stainless Steel(I) (440A 강의 균일부식에 미치는 합금원소와 열처리의 영향(I))

  • Kim, Y.C.;Kang, C.Y.;Jung, B.H.
    • Journal of Power System Engineering
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 2011
  • 440A martensitic stainless steels which were modified with reduced carbon content(~0.5%) and addition of small amount of nickel, vanadium, tungsten and molybdenum were manufactured. Effects of alloying elements and tempering temperatures on the uniform corrosion in the solution of lN H2S04 were investigated through the electrochemical polarization test. When tempering temperature is constant, corrosion current density in active-passive transition point, Icorr, decreased a little with an increase of austenitizing temperature. In addition to this, when austenitizing temperature is constant, longer holding time showed a little lower Icorr and Ipass, passive current density. And when austenitized at $1050^{\circ}C$ and tempered in a range of $350{\sim}750^{\circ}C$, best anti-corrosion properties were obtained at $350^{\circ}C$ tempering temperature while worst at $450^{\circ}C$ or $550^{\circ}C$. The specimens tempered at below $450^{\circ}C$ and above $550^{\circ}C$, similar and good anti-corrosion characteristics were obtained regardless of alloying elements added, showing anti-corrosion characteristics are influenced more by tempering temperature than by alloying elements.

A Study on the IR Drop in Crevice of AISI 304 Stainless Steel by Temperature Variation (온도변화에 따른 AISI 304SS의 틈내 전위강하에 관한 연구)

  • 나은영
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.27 no.7
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    • pp.872-878
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    • 2003
  • As the results of recent industrial development, many industrial plants and marine structures are exposed to severe corrosion environment than before. Especially, under the wet environment, crevice corrosion damage problems necessarily occur and encourage many interests to prevent them. In this study, the electrochemical polarization test was carried out to study characteristics of crevice corrosion for AISI 304 stainless steel in various solution temperatures. The results are as follows ; 1) as the solution temperature increased in IN $\textrm{H}_2\textrm{SO}_4$, the passive current density and critical current density were increased, whereas corrosion potential and break down potential were nearly constant, 2) as the solution temperature increased. the induced time for initiation of crevice corrosion was shortened. 3) The potential range in the crevice was -220mV/SCE to -380mV/SCE according to the distance from the crevice opening, which is lower than that of external surface of -200mV/SCE.

Influence of Current Density Application Time on the Corrosion Damage of Offshore Wind Steel Substructure in Galvanostatic Corrosion Experiment (해상풍력 하부 구조물용 강재의 정전류 부식 시험 시 전류밀도 인가 시간이 부식손상에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jung-Hyung;Park, Jae-Cheul;Han, Min-Su;Jang, Seok-Ki;Kim, Seong-Jong
    • Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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    • v.49 no.5
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    • pp.431-438
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    • 2016
  • This research investigated the relationship between the corrosion damage characteristics of offshore wind steel substructure and the time of current density application by electrochemical accelerated short-term corrosion test. The galvanostatic corrosion was conducted on the steel specimens in natural seawater with a constant current density ranging from $1mA/cm^2$ to $200mA/cm^2$ for 1 ~ 180 min. Macro and micro observation was carried out on the surface of the corrosion damaged area using SEM and 3-dimensional analysis microscope. The weight loss of the specimens before and after was calculated as the difference between the initial weight prior to corrosion and weight after removal of the corrosion product. It was shown that during galvanostaic corrosion process, the corrosion behavior could be characterized by the onset of pitting corrosion in the early stage and the uniform corrosion in the late stage, showing damage development in the depth direction with the time of current application. The result of the 3D analysis revealed that both damage depth and surface roughness increased with increasing time of current application. The weight loss curves with time showed that a coefficient of determination ($R^2$) was relatively high for the relationship between the time of current application and weight loss. As a result, the degree of corrosion can be controlled by simply varying the time of current application.

Effect of Impressed Potential on the SCC of Al-Brass (Al-황동의 응력부식균열 특성에 미치는 인가전위의 영향)

  • 정해규;임우조
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.69-74
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    • 2004
  • In general, the protection method of Shell and Tube Type heat exchanger for a vessel has been applied as a sacrificial anode, which is attached at the inner side of the shell. However, this is an insufficient protection method for tube. Therefore, a more suitable method, such as the impressed current cathodic protection for tube protection, is required. Al-brass is the raw material of tubes for heat exchanger of a vessel where seawater is used for cooling the water. It has a high level of heat conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, and a high level of corrosion resistance, due to a cuprous oxide (Cu$_2$O) layer against th seawater. However, in actuality, it has been reported that Al-brass tubes for heat exchanger of a vessel can produce local corrosion, such as stress corrosion cracking (SCC). This paper studied the effect of impressed potential on the stress corrosion cracking of Al-brass for impressed current cathodic protection in 3.5% NaCl +0.1% NH$_4$OH solution, under flow by a constant displacement tester. Based on the test results, the latent time of SCC, stress corrosion crack propagation, and the dezincification phase of Al-brass are investigated.

A Study on the Corrosion Rehavior and Mechanical Property by SSRTTest of Welding Part of RE36 Steel for Marine Structure (해양구조물 RE36강의 용접부 부식거동 및 SSRT법에 의한 기계적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 김종성;김진경;김종호;이명훈;김영식;문경만
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.460-469
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    • 2000
  • A study on the corrosion behavior of RE36 steel for marine structure was investigated with parameters such as micro-Vickers hardness, corrosion potential and corrosion current density measurement of weld metal(WM), base metal (BM) and heat affected zone(HAZ), Al anode generating current and Al anode weight loss quantity in case of cathodic protection. And we carried out slow strain rate test(SSRT) in order to research mechanical properties such as stress at maximum load, percent strain, time to fracture and strain to failure ratio etc and to find out limiting cathodic polarization potential for hydrogen embrittlement with applied cathodic polarization potential. Hardness of HAZ part was the highest among those three parts and also galvanic corrosion susceptibility was the highest in HAZ part among those three parts due to the lowest corrosion potential than other parts. However corrosion current density was the highest in WM part among those three parts. And the optimum cathodic polarization potential showing the best mechanical properties obtained by SSRT method with applied constant cathodic potential was from - 770mV to - 875mV(SCE). However it is suggested that limiting cathodic polarization potential indicating hydrogen embrittlement on the mechanical properties was under - 900mV(SCE).

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