• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.125-135
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• 2020

The uncontrolled urban expansion causes various social, economic problems and natural/environmental problems. Therefore, it is necessary to forecast urban expansion by identifying various factors related to urban expansion. This study aims to forecast it using a decision tree that is widely used in various areas. The study used geographic data such as the area of use, geographical data like elevation and slope, the environmental conservation value assessment map, and population density data for 2006 and 2018. It extracted the new urban expansion areas by comparing the residential, industrial, and commercial zones of the zoning in 2006 and 2018 and derived a decision tree using the 2006 data as independent variables. It is intended to forecast urban expansion in 2030 by applying the data for 2018 to the derived decision tree. The analysis result confirmed that the distance from the green area, the elevation, the grade of the environmental conservation value assessment map, and the distance from the industrial area were important factors in forecasting the urban area expansion. The AUC of 0.95051 showed excellent explanatory power in the ROC analysis performed to verify the accuracy. However, the forecast of the urban area expansion for 2018 using the decision tree was 15,459.98㎢, which was significantly different from the actual urban area of 4,144.93㎢ for 2018. Since many regions use decision tree to forecast urban expansion, they can be useful for identifying which factors affect urban expansion, although they are not suitable for forecasting the expansion of urban region in detail. Identifying such important factors for urban expansion is expected to provide information that can be used in future land, urban, and environmental planning.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.355-363
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted on Forsythia velutina, a special plant, in Gyeongsangnam-do Arboretum under the Gyeongsangnam-do Forest Environment Research Institute, which is located in the southern part of Korea. Methods: The research aimed to analyze the flowering characteristics of the plant by calculating the optimal temperature and humidity according to the flowering time and flowering period for 8 years from 2010 to 2017 in order to provide basic data for bioclimate studies of endemic plants. Results: It was observed that the Forsythia velutina showed a life cycle from mid-March and to mid-November. Average growth period was 243 (± 6.5) days. In testing the reliability of a single variable according to the meteorological factors, the Cronbach's Alpha was 0.701, which indicates that the findings were relatively reliable. The average date of flowering was March 16 (SD = 5.8) and the average date on which blossoms fall was March 29 (SD = 5.2). A substantial difference in flowering period was observed from year to year 11 to 23 days, with an average of 16 days (± 4.7). The temperature and humidity in February to March, which affect the flowering, were 2.9-5.5℃, and 66.5-73.0%, respectively, and showed differences every year. Conclusion: The correlation between flowering time and meteorological factors was positive, and the highest daily temperature and average daily temperature had the highest significance. When establishing basic data on plant species for the conservation of endemic plants, the changes in life cycle events and weather conditions are identified. It is believed that it will be helpful in establishing a conservation strategy for the plant species in the future.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.227-238
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• 2004

Rhododendron micranthum is an endangered species in Korea. In order to develop the strategy of gene diversity conservation, estimation of the amount of genetic diversity, the genetic variation and relationship in the native populations of Rh. micranthum was performed on the basis of AFLP and RAPD analysis. Analysis of 56 accessions derived from 6 populations of Rh. micranthum with four AFLP primer combinations and ten RAPD primers detected a total of 33 polymorphic AFLP fragments and 15 polymorphic RAPD fragments, respectively. By UPGMA cluster analysis with molecular markers, the 56 accessions were grouped into three major clusters at 73.3% genetic similarity; group I consists of most accessions of populations I, II, IV, V and Ⅵ, group II consists of 7 accessions of population III, and group III consists of only two accessions of population IV. The geographic locations of the most accessions derived from six populations were not related to their position in the UPGMA cluster analysis, except for several accessions of populations III and IV. The genetic similarity of among six populations measured by AFLP and RAPD markers ranged from 0.66 to 0.99. Among them, population Ⅵ showed the highest GS with means of 0.87, while population I showed the lowest GS with means of 0.78. This result will be useful for designing the strategy of conservation in the native populations of Rh. micranthum.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.208-223
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• 2023

This article was prepared for the purpose of reviewing maintenance plans and strategies for designating the celadon kiln site in Banam-ri, Gochang, a monument designated by the city and province as a historical site. Prior to the discussion, the high academic potential of this site, which is attracting attention as a main point of early celadon main point, was explained, and expectations for the future designation of the monument were reviewed. Next, the current status of preservation and maintenance plans of the celadon kiln site in Banam-ri, Gochang were examined. In particular, the current preservation situation was reviewed through an on-site survey on how the ruins, which have not been designated as a monument, should be maintained for historical designation in the future. Above all, it was argued that it was necessary to conduct excavation and literature surveys to clarify the characteristics of the ruins, investigate the surrounding areas, improve information facilities for visitors, and carry out promotion in connection with them. Finally, the definition of historical sites and the status of historical designation of ceramic kilns, along with the strategies necessary for designation, were presented. In particular, the examples of the existing historical designated celadon kiln site in Dotong-ri, Jinan, and Buncheong Kiln Site in Undae-ri, Goheung were reviewed, and three types of excavation surveys, literature surveys, and academic conferences were presented as the target directions for historical designation. The result of the excavation survey is the basis for suggesting that it has cultural property values with completeness, authenticity, and identity. The literature survey is the basis for supplementing the historical and cultural character of the remains that have not been revealed by excavation. The academic conference explained that it is an opportunity to understand the nature and value of cultural assets, such as the location of cultural assets, the status of relics, and events related to relics.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.115-145
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• 2007

This study was performed for developing upscaling Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM) of National Land in South Korea and presenting the application method of ECVAM. This ECVAM adopted the least indicator method and uses a Geographic Information System(GIS). This map is made through evaluation of 67 items. As a result, the construction of ECVAM was defined as a process of identifying land use to scientifically assess the physical and environmental value of land and classify conservation value into several grades for the sustainable management of environmental resources. After applying ECVAM criteria of five degrees to the whole of study area, Grade I, showing the highest conservation value, accounted for 29.3% by land area of ECVAM. Grades II, III, IV and V likewise accounted for, respectively, 21.7%, 17.2%, 7.1% and the lowest conservation value of 24.7%. other result, ECVAM and land suitability assessment agreement rate is Grade I 33.05%, Grades II, III, IV and V likewise accounted for 12.92%, 15.05%, 36.93% and last value of 53.28% This study set up "the realization of the improvement ECVAM" as the vision of the advancing strategy. In order to accomplish the vision, this study established the purpose as follow; constructing strategic assessment value relation to ECVAM based on knowledge, arranging the foundation to upscaling assessment value And this study devised preparatory plans to achieve the vision and the purpose as next; construction on base theme map by 1:5,000 scalie, base on land register theme map and precision land cover map. Therefore, for applying the result of this study to the upscaling Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM), it considers regularly the systematic categorization of preceding item, consideration issue of national environmental geographic information using the ECVAM.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 2011

In recent years, there has been an active movement toward databasing, systematizing, and unifying environmental information. Such efforts facilitate the utilization of spatial environment planning in environment conservation officially planned at the metropolitan and provincial levels. This in turn clarifies the management direction of space, thereby serving as an effective tool with which to not only conserve land, but also provide a reasonable compromise to all the related solutions at odds with one another. As such, this study forwards a method for inclusion of spatial environment planning in environment conservation plans, paying particular attention to the place, with in such a planning method, of the natural ecosystem, arguably the most sensitive arena among environmental factors. Spatial environment planning can be broadly divided as follows: first, basic direction; second, collection of spatial information; third, compilation of status of spatial environment; and fourth, management strategy for spatial environment. In particular, the second phase, namely the collection of spatial information, delineates clearly spatial information hitherto amassed by government agencies at both the national and local levels; the ensuing lists facilitate maximum utilization of the previously accumulated data. Used during the planning phase, status maps should include not only the status of land use(land cover), but also systematic data on the superior resources of the natural ecosystem as well as the status of the given spatial environment. Establishing plans for ecological networks, their conservation, and restoration areas based on the aforementioned aspects, this study sought to formulate ways in which to spatialize environment conservation plans that encompass consideration for the natural ecosystem. Devised based previous studies and examples, the compilation of status and plans as stated, applied to Gyeonggi Province, afforded an examination of the potential applicability and usability of the proposed plans. Ultimately, these will contribute not only to the establishment of plans encompassing consideration for the value and level of significance of the given natural ecosystem in spatial development planning, but also provide fundamental data for investigating appropriateness of plans and validity of location in any regional development plan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.646-654
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to draw policy implications for the development and expansion of Korea's forest ODA through investigating the perceptions of stakeholder on the fields that contributed the development of forestry in Korea and would have competitiveness in developing countries and priority fields for Korea's forest ODA. For this, the survey was conducted for 248 subjects from the general and expert stakeholder groups. Chi-square test in cross analysis, independent sample t-test, ANOVA and Duncan test were conducted to compare the difference of perceptions by group. The whole general and expert groups consider that 'forest conservation and rehabilitation' contributed to the development of Korea's forestry most and consider its global competitiveness most high. Comparing expert groups, ODA experts evaluated the competitiveness of 'capacity building for policies, institutions and research' higher than the forestry experts. For priority fields of Korea's forest ODA, general groups perceived 'management of CERs' and 'conservation of biodiversity' most important, showing the clear difference in perception compared to that of experts. In Conclusion, for the effective forest ODA of Korea, the effort to fill the gap between the general and expert groups needs to be made, as well as developing forestry capacity building programs to cope with the fields such as climate change adaptation and biodiversity conservation, which is newly required in a global society, in addition to using the past experience of forest rehabilitation in Korea. It will be useful for the rehabilitation of North Korea's forest in the future.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.73-78
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• 2009

100 households' survey was carried out in 2007 in Chitwan to foresee the people's livelihood and their insight into the forest conservation. This analysis revealed that households' was mainly survived with multiple livelihood categories where 98% citizens belong to food crops and 92% to livestock husbandry. The households' income shared by agriculture (crop and livestock), forest and remittance was 37% and 20% respectively. Results further showed that income distribution was somehow equal with Gini coefficient 0.25 than with the 0.37 of landholdings size. But, average per capita income of households was lower than the national standard with 33% of households below the poverty thresholds and 0.0945 poverty gap index. Similarly, 85% respondents assured for the current degraded status of forest and 83% of households for not participated in forest management activities due to low awareness in 82% households. These findings shows the forest assets could be unduly degraded in the past and forest availability which is extracting from the remaining forest is also decreasing in the area. Thus, tendency of forest dependency has been shifting to the small scale farming, other livelihood sources such as local business and services. This information could be useful in planning and decision-making process in searching of better alternative for the local livelihood as well as sustainable forest conservation strategy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.6
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• pp.667-675
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• 2007

The genetic diversity and the spatial structure in two populations of Abelia tyaihyoni in Yeongwol region were studied by employing I-SSR markers. In spite of the limited distribution and small population sizes of Abelia tyaihyoni, the amount of genetic diversity estimated at the individual level was comparable to other shrub species (S.I.=0.336, h=0.217). Genetic diversity at the genet level was very similar to that at individual level. (S.l.=0.339, h=0.219). About 18.7 percent of total variation was allocated between two populations, which was slightly higher or similar level as compared with other shrub species. Genotypic diversity estimated by the ratio of the number of genets ($N_G$) over the total number of individuals (N) and a modified Simpson's index ($D_G$) were also higher than those of other shrubs. The maximum diameter of a genet did not exceed 5.5 m. The high level of gene and genotypic diversity, and the relatively limited maximum diameter of a genet suggested that the clonal propagation is not the most dominant factor in determining the population structure of Abelia tyaihyoni. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed significant spatial genetic structure within 12 m and 18 m distances in two populations A and B, respectively. Autocorrelations among individuals at the both individual and genet levels in each population didn't show any considerable differences. As a sampling strategy for ex-situ conservation of populations showing continuous distribution, a minimum distance of 18 m between individuals was recommended. For the populations with many segments, it was considered very crucial to sample materials from as many segments as possible.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.267-276
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• 2019

The Gonggeomji Reservoir is a historical irrigation facility built in the 8th century and designated as a wetland protected area by Ministry of Environment, Korea. In order to collect the baseline data necessary for developing a sustainable conservation strategy, we investigated the classification of actual vegetation, the vegetation distribution and the floristic structure of the vegetation in the Gonggeomji Wetland Protection Area. In the whole protection area, a total of 26 plant communities were classified including the wetland, riparian, grassland, forest, farmland, and orchard vegetation. According to the results of detrended correspondence analysis, the structure of wetland vegetation was mainly affected by water depth and human disturbance. In reservoir wetlands, floating vegetation such as Utricularia vulgaris var. japonica, Trapa japonica, and emergent vegetation such as Nelumbo nucifera, Typha spp. completely covered the water surface. Since 2014, the reservoir wetland has been terrestrialized with the expansion of emergent and hygrophytic plants. For the sustainable conservation and restoration of wetland protected areas, it is necessary to naturalize the topography and wetland vegetation, recovery the hydrologic system, and restore ecosystem connectivity from wetlands to forests.