• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.213-218
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• 2007

Domestic by opening of world construction market with recent FTA should be achieved systematic action that of exoteric surrounding construction environment to inculcate this because consciousness structure unpreparedness of legation fields about quality is expose for hindrance factor for QI in construction spot by quality and organization management official important thing for building company's QI because conquest is possible through QI of construction to possess government official and international competitiveness of customer satisfaction by offering consumer building of change and good quality rapidly, organization's CEO determination must become side improvement the formation government official enemy, and when inspect by each process, responsible persons participate cooperation enterprise space-time. To improve this because complete charge department for quality control appears that organization management need complete charge department being expose by greatly unprepared misgovernment in heavy hydrogen building company, expense that CEO under direct control histiocyte modeling air with AHP analysis is economical will be cost, but is construed can bring excellent effect in operation management side of quality and organization such as cost-cutting effect in maintenance side and I should do so that can occupy competitive power high position with tissue at active quality complete charge deputy.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.153-161
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to reevaluate urban traditional houses and to propose direction for the conservation and utilization of urban traditional houses in a way of maintaining historical landscape rather than the value of urban traditional houses as components in expanded urban structure. For these purposes, we identified the characteristics of conservation and utilization of urban traditional houses by representative cases and analyzing them exhaustively, and suggested problems in the cinservation and utilization of traditional houses and solution for them. The current conservation system for Urban Traditional House in the Bukchon area is applied to non-residential Urban Traditional House differently according to the owner's consciousness of conservation because there is no support system for non-residential Urban Traditional House. Accordingly, there should be standardized criteria to maintain the landscape of the Bukchon area in terms of beauty formed by the elevation of Urban Traditional House and the continuity of roofs while accommodating various functions. As in total conservation or partial conservation, the interior remodeling of individual houses may be allowed but the three-dimensional external appearance composed of the outer walls, fences and roofs of Korean-style houses should be repaired and improved in a way of maintaining the image. In order to utilize Urban Traditional House in the Bukchon area, plans should be made in consideration of its location, historicity and tradition. We may expect the utilization of traditional cultural facilities and their surrounding areas as alternative cultural spaces. Such use of individual Urban Traditional House should be extended by linearly and areally and suggest the direction of conservation and utilization.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.56
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• pp.5-38
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• 2017

This research is conducted through a qualitative methodology, and it aimed for understanding of the generalized structure of getting-together experiences from South Korean who had conversations with North Korean refugees for a long term. As a result, the study, which includes the experiences along with consideration of both contexts and timeline, shows that 'One Korean but divided into South and North', 'Synthesize of water and oil', 'Different from us', 'Understand relativism and deal with it', 'Limitation as an one race: Living different ways on a peninsula' and 'Parallel horizons: Heading to vanishing point' are the key concepts. By understanding these keys, it was able to figure out how their consciousness and acts have been developed in a long term perspective, and thus, we suggest alternative solutions that can be practiced by social workers.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.105-124
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify human factors that directly or indirectly cause ship accidents and to suggest implications based on the derived human factors. In particular, we conducted a survey on the basis of the human factors derived from the literature survey and interviews, and applied the revised importance-performance analysis (IPA) to develop implications from a comparison of two groups: seafarers and shipping operations managers. Data were collected from 159 practitioners in the Korean shipping industry. The analysis structure consisted of five major factors with 20 components, including unique factors related to ship and shipping management companies, personal competence, in-vessel organization, and personnel's health, as well as social factors. The result of the IPA analysis indicates that in-vessel organization is the most urgent and major factor for improvement. Some differences exist in the components that should be improved between the two groups. For the seafarer group, an increase in unskilled onboard crew affected sustainable safety activities, thus implying an area of preferential improvement regarding the in-vessel organization factor. However, for the shipping operations managers group, the difference in recognizing safety standards among the crew members on board and the ability to communicate with other crew members should be improved first relative to in-vessel organization factors. The personnel's health factor was identified to be of low importance in both groups. Finally, the importance of improving the safety consciousness level according to the safety education and training implementation for seafarers on board was different for the two groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.482-488
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• 2019

Leisure and business facilities have been steadily developing in Korea. Among waterborne leisure vessels and equipment, the distribution and sale of kayaks and canoes have significantly increased. Previously, (FRP) materials were primarily employed for constructing kayaks. However, owing to global warming and depletion of natural resources, the demand for non-polluting renewable energy is rapidly increasing, which has increased the demand for carbon fibers. To meet the requirements of changing social consciousness, a carbon fiber-based commercial kayak was designed in this study. Resistance analysis and structural safety were conducted by employing software tool for verifying the reliability of the proposed kayak. The pressure resistance and frictional resistance were examined in a wide range of speed. Obtained results indicate that at speeds greater than 2.6 m/s, the pressure resistance significantly increases and the total resistance also increases. Furthermore, the results corroborate that the proposed kayak structure has a adequate safety with respect to the design loads that are considered during operating conditions.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.18
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• pp.149-164
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• 2004

Various social surveys conducted by mass media and government agencies in recent years in Japan suggest that the percentage of those who believe in religion are between twenty and thirty percent. However, more than seventy percent of Japanese visit Shinto shrines or Buddhist temples during the New year period. Although there are varying interpretations on whether Japanese people are religious or not, detailed research shows the existence of certain religious tendencies among Japanese. I base my estimates on research surveys of college students covering a period of almost ten years. It is helpful for understanding the religiosity of the Japanese to differentiate between "clear-cut religion" and "peripheral religious phenomena." The exact boundary between these two categories, however, is difficult to clearly demarcate. "Clear-cut religion" refers here phenomena which are directly related to established religious organizations such as shrine Shinto, Buddhist sects, or Christianity. "Peripheral religious phenomena" covers such phenomena as fortune telling, mystical phenomena, religious customs and similar matters. It is often said that the younger generations are less concerned with religion. Our seven surveys questioning several thousand college students, conducted between 1995 and 2001, show that only between six and seven percent of the students state that they believe in religion. Additionally, the extent of negative attitudes toward religion quite remarkable. On the other hand, students who take part in conventional ritual such as a New year's visit to a shrine or temple and visiting the graves of ancestors amount to about fifty percentage. In spite of the prevailing negative attitude toward religious groups, these students have apparently kept a certain level of interest in religious customs. Moreover, they show a relatively strong interest in fortune telling, mystical phenomena, or supernatural phenomena. The exact degree of a positive attitude toward peripheral religious phenomena differs according to the level of being informed on these matters. As a whole, they largely rely on information gained from their families and local communities. Therefore, we can conclude that there is a degree of transmission of religious culture among younger generations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.110-119
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• 2009

Sosang Pal-Kyung(瀟湘八景), which originated in China and means eight scenes of So River and Sang River, greatly influenced the poems and the pictures in East Asia for a long time and became a cultural phenomenon leading the stereotype of the traditional landscapes in Korea and Japan. Studies on 'Kyung(a scene)' such as 'Pal-Kyung(八景)', have been made continuously until now, but there are no results of a study intensively focusing on the meaning and the form of Sosang Pal-Kyung, which is the origin of the domestic Pal-Kyung culture. The goal of this study is to investigate the typical form observed in Sosang Pal-Kyung-Ga(瀟湘八景歌) and Sosang Pal-Kyung-Do(瀟湘八景圖), as a text of a cultural landscape, and to clear up the coherence structure between a recognition system and a way of thinking that existed in the cultural phenomenon of Sosang Pal-Kyung. In this study, the symbolism of Pal(八) was summarized and the surface structure and the correlation of each Kyung of Sosang Pal-Kyung was explained in light of semiotics through segmenting and disjointing the lexeme of a landscape while the coherence structure and the meaning of Sosang Pal-Kyung-Ga and Sosang Pal-Kyung-Do as a text were investigated. Sosang Pal-Kyung is based on the view of the Sun and the Moon(or Positive and Negative) and the Eight Trigrams(八卦) for divination and is a linguistic symbol in which human life and the principle of circulation and conversion of nature are expressed as characters and picture texts. Its structure has strong coherence and cohesion, which attempt to move the abstruse truth of nature into human consciousness by developing and corresponding the grammatical structure and form of the sentences and the implicative languages emphasizing the symbolism of the words to the characteristics of similarities and contrast. In addition, Sosang Pal-Kyung expresses human life, the processes of birth and death of nature and the mutual response dialectically by putting various factors of the landscape in the frame of regular formality and structure. It is considered that the image signs in Sosang Pal-Kyung emphasize the theory of circulation of human life and nature are narrative scenery, which one looks at with a contemplative view in the circulation system of the time and the season. The cultural phenomena of Sosang Pal-Kyung in the Joseon Dynasty, which had been handed down from the Goryeo Dynasty, had become the driving force of leading aesthetics of Joseon's art and literature by adding the scenery of the point of view of Sung Confucianism. Its coherence structure was changed, but its cohesion was handed down continuously so that it became not only the basic text of the traditional and cultural landscape but also, the typical Korean-style stereotype of a landscape.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.37
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• pp.319-344
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• 2008

The Purpose of this study is to observe the existence of welfare attitude split between welfare regimes clique and to explore the effect of institutional(regime) characteristics on welfare attitude. And Second purpose is to find the characteristics of structure of welfare attitude and then to clarify the characteristics of welfare attitude in Korea. This work contribute to find the point of solidarity and split and to work out the strategical clues for constructing pro-welfare politics. To compare the attitude on the state responsibility about the welfare, Sweden, France, US, and Korea is selected. And the effect of sex, age, education level, income class, and labor status which are abstracted from existing welfare state comparative study are analyzed. The result show the difference in welfare attitude score between countries. The welfare attitude score is Sweden, France and US in order. the Score in Korea is lowest. In the case of the effect structure of welfare attitude between countries, there are no differences between Sweden and France. But the specific characteristics in US and Korea, are observed. And the effect structure of sex, class, labor status is equal in Sweden, France, and US. That is, women, people in low class, and people in low labor status more emphasize the state responsibility on the welfare. But the effect structure of age of US is different comparing other countries. In US, the old age is tend to less support the state responsibility. The education level operate as the effect factor in only US. And Korea show the different effect structure on the welfare attitude. This understanding about structure of welfare consciousness become the basis to construct the strategy for welfare state by proposing the point of consensus and conflict to conversion of welfare paradigm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.30
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• pp.69-84
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• 1996

The main current of ancient Korean thought is based on Yuk(易) : which solves the principle of creation of universe letter(文字) which is the principle of geometry and three elements thought of circle square . It's related to the creation principle of the universe and regarded as a sign that demons-trates shows the way to read the mathematical principle. The original form of Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) is represents the structure of hu-man body which reflects a small universe. So a good structure and meaning of the human body is well read in the formation of Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) and that is a good symbolization of the clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) as the space of small universe. The good formation of Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) could be shown by cutting out straight bending twisting and turning each straitly cutting piece is applied to its trans-tormation. Geametical formation with obvious sym-metric dividing of front-back left-right and top-bottom is well shown in Korean clothes by twisting Yuk(易) or m bius strips. So we can find out whole formation by representing only either 'front and back' or 'left and right' and also sa-pok(사폭) of man's trousers seop(섶) of jeo-go-ri(short jacket 저고리) kyut-ma-gi(곁마기) of Sam-hwai-jang jeo-go-ri (삼회장 저고리), mu(무) of jig-ryung(straight collar and long and wide sleeved robe, 直領) trouser wide and ga-rae-ba-dae(가래바대) of dan-cok-kok(woman's under trousers). The formation line of Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) is based on theprinciple of unlimited m bius strips by twisting of turning direction from universal principle and original basic form is not changd even by turning in-side out. Unity of the whole and part in Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) could be found in nonorientable thought(非始原思想) which represents the unity and dependence kil(길) of jeo-go-ri(short jacket, 저고리) and po(long and wide sleeved robe, 袍). Selva-gewise(식서방향) of sleeves and seam of out-side of kil(길) and outside of seop(섶) are directed to outside of seop(섶) inside of seop(섶) is to kil and direction of inseam of kheut-dong(끝동) and kyut-ma-gi(곁마기) is directed to sleeves. Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) is usually made by cutting fabric for several parts and sewing them and the way to make Korean clothes is deeply related to the theory of chon-pu-kyung jong-il and il-seok -sam-geuk. As the development of men's consciousness is pro-gressed from total separation to separation and superseparation. Sewing process of korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) can be make single dimension to double or triple dimension of korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) silhoutte bacause it can be include principle of topology as noneuclity.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.495-515
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• 2012

This study is to diversely analyze teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) regarding to the area of plane figures and discuss the consideration for the materialization of the effective class in learning the area of plane figures by identifying the improvements based on problems indicated in PCK. The subjects of inquiry are what the problems with teachers' PCK regarding to the area of plane figures are and how they can be improved. In which is the first domain of PCK, teachers need to fully understand the concept of the area and the properties and classification of the area and length, recognized the sequence structure as a subject of guidance and improve the direction which naturally connects the flow of measurement by using random units in guidance of the area. In which is the second domain of PCK, teachers need to establish understanding of the concept for the area and understanding of a formula as a subject matter object and improve the activity, discovery and research oriented class for students as a guidance method by escaping from teacher oriented expository class and calculation oriented repetitive learning. They also need to avoid the biased evaluation of using a formula and evenly evaluate whether students understand the concept of the area as a performance evaluation method. In which is the third domain of PCK, teachers need to fully understand the concept of the area rather than explanation oriented correction and fundamentally teach students about errors by suggesting the activity to explore the properties of the area and length. They also need to plan a method to reflect student's affective aspects besides a compliment and encouragement and apply this method to the class. In which is the fourth domain of PCK, teachers need to increase the use of random units by having an independent consciousness about textbooks and supplementing the activity of textbooks and restructure textbooks by suggesting problematic situations in a real life and teaching the sequence structure. Also, class groups will need to be divided into an entire group, individual group, partner group and normal group.