• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.91-94
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• 2007

tisue disease of dog and cat, resembling Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) in man. EDS is characterizedby loose, hyperextensible and, fragile skin, it is attributed to mutations in connective tisue gene. Thesemutations cause defects in type I or II collagen synthesis and as a result lack of strength or elasticityto skin, joint, ligament and vessels. EDS-affected animals often experience subcutaneous hematomas thathave long bleeding times. The 4-years old male Yorkshire terrier was evaluated because of subcutaneoushematoma after stifle surgery. Clinical examination revealed a thin and hyperextensible skin and jointlaxity. The degree of skin extensibility index was 23.4%, marked skin stretchy. Clinical diagnosis wasconfirmed by histophathological examination of a skin biopsy revealing reduced packing density ofcollagen fiber of skin.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.19-24
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• 1967

Normal Albino rats were received glycerin via subcutaneously and Staphylococcus aureus intravenously. The microorganism was coagulase-positive and non-hemolytic. The rats received glycerin alone showed an acute tubular nephrosis, and the others such as glycer in induced nephrotic rats showed a number of different findings: At the first hours of the bacterial injection, in medulla, the bacterial clumps and inflammatory cell infiltration, and microabscesses with retrogressive changes of proximal convoluted tubulles were observed. The suppurative inflammation was observed in days. Five weeks after the initial innoulation of the organism kidney was shown restoration to a histologically normal cortex. The proliferation of fibrous connective tissue and small numbers of chronic inflammatory cells were observed in the medulla where an acute inflammatory process was enhanced presumably. On the other hand, the Albino rats administered Staphyloceccus aureus alone resulted in n moderate degree of vacuolization in proximal convoluted tubules and a number of casts in the early stage. No, bacterial clumps and microabscesses were observed in the rats.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.335-345
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• 1986

A total of 499 stomachs consisted of 393 slaughter and 106 breeding pigs from industrial farm was examined for ulcerative lesions grossly and microscopically. The relationship between the ulcerative lesions and stomach contents was also examined. 1. The majority of stomachs has one or more lesions of ulcerative process, including parakeratosis(64.1%), erosions(10.2%), acute ulcers(2.8%), chronic ulcers(1.4%), and scars(0.8%). 2. The incidence and the degree of the esophagogastric lesions in the breeding pigs were similar to those of the slaughter pigs. But ulcerative lesions of the fundic lesions in the breeding pigs were found to be more remarkable than those of the slaughter pigs. 3. The stomach contents of the pigs having gastric ulcers were mostly fluid in nature, which were dry in the normal stomach. 4. Histologically, muscular hypertrophy, connective tissue hyperplasia and vascularity were shown in the ulcerative lesions of the esophagogastric portion. Thrombosis, necrosis and granulation tissue formation were found frequently.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.151-158
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• 1998

Traditionally posterior shadowing is regarded as a malignant criterion in the evaluation of breast mass by sonogram. But on the basis of our clinical experiences of breast sonogram, we often met a breast mass without posterior shadowing later confirmed breast carcinoma through pathologic examination. For the focus of what character of pathologic breast tissue influence the posterior shadowing in breast sonogram, we analyzed retrospectively the sonographic findings of 26 histologically proven invasive ductal carcinomas. Even though invasive ductal carcinoma is the only one of the many breast cancers, it represents the greater part of breast malignancy. The posterior echo pattern was compared with various histologic characteristics, such as the amount of connective tissue, degree of elastosis, necrosis, gross circumscription, accompanying inflammation, histologic differentiation, and mitotic index. Nine breast masses (35%) demonstrated posterior echo shadowing, while 17 masses (65%) showed enhancement. The tumors with posterior echo shadowing had more abundant connective tissue, increased elastosis, and poorly demarcated margin (p<0.05). Other histologic characteristics are not influence in posterior shadowing with significant in stastically. On the basis of our study, the phenomenon of posterior shadowing by sonogram is difficult to accept as a specific criterion for malignancy. It is only a phenomenon influenced by the amount of connective tissue volume and elastosis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.191-201
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• 2000

This study was investigated the effects of a direct current and ultrasound on transdermal transport of dexamethasone into the rabbits which had contusion in the thigh. Each group was treated under the tallowing conditions. 1. EXP group I : $10\%$ dexamethasone ointment and ultrasound 2. EXP group II : $1\%$aqueous solution of dexamethasone and iontophoresis 3. EXP group III : the application of $10\%$ dexamethasone ointment 4. Control group : No treatment The degree of anti-inflammation was evaluated by the naked eye, the change in girth of thigh, and a light microscope. The results were as follows. 1.8y the naked eye. an inflammation sign was seen in all groups and especially. symptoms of redness. heat swelling were prominent in EXP group I. 2. In comparision in the change of girth of thigh, only EXP group II showed no significant change. Therefore, it meant that there was effective anti-inflammatory reaction in EXP group II. 3. The infiltration of inflammation cells, the degree of swelling, and the degree of crosslinking of connective tissues were evaluated with a light microscope. As a result, EXP group II showed the most effective anti-inflammatory reaction. And, in order of EXP group III, control group, the effect of anti-inflammation reaction was decreased. 4. EXP group I showed more intensive inflammation than control group.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.623-631
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• 2004

Background: Using the neovascularizing properties of the omentum, we studied the viability and vascularity of the cryopreserved rat tracheal allografts with omental implantation. Material and Method: The cryopreserved tracheal allografts of eight-week old male Sprague Dawley rats were implanted into the omentum. The rats were divided into the four groups according to the duration of cryopreservation and of omental implantation. We examined the tracheal allografts histologically for viability of cartilages, inflammation and fibrosis of smooth muscle and connective tissue, and degree of vascularity. Result: The degree of inflammation in the smooth muscle and the connective tissue of the tracheal allografts was not statistically related to neither the duration of cryopreservation or of omental implantation. The tracheal cartilages of the tracheal allografts were found to be severely calcified in all cases. Significant difference in vascularity was found between the groups I and II (p < 0.05). And a sufficient vascularity in the intercartilaginous space was observed in the mid portion of the tracheal allografts as well as both ends. Conclusion: In conclusion, the omental implantation for 2 weeks could establish a sufficient vascularity in the intercartilaginous spaces for maintaining the viability of the tracheal allografts. This study might provide a possibility of the sequential tracheal allotransplantation after omental implantation.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-38
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• 1998

The present study was performed to determine the effect of cold stress on myocardium of aging rat. Control groups, which aged 6, 12 and 24 months, were compared with age-matched experimental groups that were exposed to moderate cold stress for a hours daily in a week at laboratory cold room $(4{\pm}1^{\circ}C)$. The histological, histochemical and ultrastructural changes of myocardium were observed. The results were summarized as follow: 1. Age-dependent histological change of control groups was observed the formation of contraction band in 24months aged group. The experimental groups submitted to cold stress showed a similar change pattern as seen in control groups. However, the degree of change in the experimental groups was significantly larger than that of control groups. In the 34 months aged group the formation of hypercontraction band was observed. 2. Regarding age-dependent histochemical changes of control groups, we observed the increase activities of PAS and Masson's trichrome. In experimental groups the activities of PAS and Masson's trichrome were also increased with age. Compare with control group, the activities of PAS was increased but the activities of Masson's trichrome was decreased. 3. Age-dependent ultrastructural changes on vacuolization, lysosome were observed. In control groups the structural changes occur at 12 months. The accumulation of lipofuscin, contraction band, hypercontraction band and a component of connective tissue were observed in 24 months. However, the degree of change in the experimental groups was significantly larger than that of control groups. In contract, the myelin body in intercalated discs was observed in 24 months of experimental groups.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.590-600
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• 2003

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes responsible for degrading connective tissue. MMPs catalyze the breakdown of collagen from the extracellular matrix, leading to wrinkle formation and accelerated skin aging. Furthermore, ultraviolet irradiation causes increased expression of certain MMPs. In the extracellular matrix turnover, MMPs are interacting with endogenous regulators named tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Using peptide substrate assays, it has been demonstrated that TIMP-MMP complexes interact highly specifically with $K_{i}$ values of 10$^{-9}$ -10$^{-16}$ M. Therefore applications for TIMP as inhibitor of collagen degradation are suggested for cosmetic anti-aging products to prevent wrinkle formation and loss of elasticity. To date four TIMP proteins (TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3 and TIMP-4) have been identified which show a high degree in sequence similarity. The production of human TIMP-2, a 194-residue nonglycosylated protein, was performed by fed-batch culture of Escherichia coli. TIMP-2 accumulated in the bacterial cells in an insoluble form as inclusion bodies. The inclusion bodies were solubilized and the protein refolded to yield the native TIMP-2 in the active form. The integrity of the protein was confirmed by mass analysis, Edman sequencing and gel shift experiments with authentic samples. The inhibitory activity of the refolded and purified TIMP-2 was demonstrated with MMP-1 and MMP-2 assays using synthetic fluorogenic peptide substrates.s.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.235-243
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• 1998

Cementifying fibroma is an odontogenic tumor of periodontal ligament origin, consisting of a proliferation of fibrous tissue that forms cementum. Cemento-ossifying fibroma, cementifying fibroma and ossifying fibroma are difficult to distinguish on clinical and radiographic exmination, and on histopathology. However, when the calcified product is represented by ovoid or curvilinear deposits, the lesion is often referred to as cementifying fibroma. Cementifying fibromas of the jaws are well-circumscribed, generally slow-growing lesions. Although most lesions appear to be limited to the tooth-bearing areas, a few have extended into the angle-ramus area or encroached on the maxillary sinus. Radiographically, the cementifying fibroma could present as a radiolucent, radiopaque or mixed density lesion, depending on the degree of maturity. We have observed two cases of cementifying fibroma occurred in the left maxillary premolar-molar area of 38-year-old woman and 35-year old man. We obtained that two cases were shown the followed results; 1. Clinically, main clinical symptom was facial swelling and pain at palpation 2. Radiographically, well-circumscribed radiolucent lesion and radiolucent lesion with radiopaqu e foci were seen on the left maxillary premolar-molar areas. Loss of lamina dura and root resorption or divergency were also seen. 3. Histopathologically, many cementum-like calcifications were observed in the hypercellular connective tissue.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.124-136
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• 2001

Heat shock protein (HSP) expression is unregulated in tumor cells and, HSP expression is likely marker of the malignant potential of oral epithelial lesion. Furthermore, the 70kDa HSP is implicated in the degree of tumor differentiation, the rate of tumor proliferation and the magnitude of the anti-tumor Immune response. Accordingly, the distribution and intensity of HSP70 and HSP47 expression was assessed in the DMBA induced oral carcinogenesis in hamster. Golden Syrian hamsters which were 3 months-age and $90{\sim}120g$ were collected. 9,10-dimethyl -1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) in a 0.5% solution in mineral oil was painted on the buccal pouch mucosa 3 times per week in the study group. In each control and experimental groups of 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 weeks, specimen were sectioned for immunohistochemical study with anti-HSP47 and anti-HSP70 antibody. The following results were obtained. 1. HSP47 positive cells were race or negative of normal oral mucosa, increased mildly in basal and suprabasal basal layer, and spinous cell layer after experimental 6 weeks (dysplastic or CIS stage). In CIS stage, HSP47 expression is prominent in dysplastic free or normal adjacent epithelium. 2. HSP47 positive cells in connective tissue were mainly inflammatory cells, which is gradually increased from control to precancerous and cancer stage. But HSP47 positive cells after 14 weeks were decreased, especially normal and cancer adjacent epithelium. 3. The positive staining cells of HSP70 in control, dysplastic, and CIS stage were not seen. But they were mild findings in basal layer and moderate findings in spinous layer after experimental 14 weeks (cancer stage). 4. HSP70 positive cells were increased in precancerous and cancer stage than control group in connective tissue. After experimental 16 weeks, we could not find the HSP expression in cancer cells according to cancer differentiation or cancer stage. It is concluded that HSP70 or HSP47 expression is not a definitive marker of oral malignancy or malignant potential. However, with further development, HSP immunoreactivity may be valuable as an adjunct to conventional histology for assessing the malignant potential of oral mucosal lesions.