• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.97-111
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• 2024

In this paper, buckling conditions and retrofitting of cylindrical steel water storage tanks with different roof types and wall thicknesses were investigated by using finite element method. Four roof types of cylindrical steel tanks which are open-top, flat-closed, conical-closed and torispherical-closed and three wall thicknesses of 4, 6 and 8 mm were considered in FE modeling of cylindrical steel tanks. The roof shapes significantly affect load distribution on the tank shell under the seismic action. Composite FRP materials are widely used for winding thin-walled cylindrical steel structures. The retrofitting efficiency of cylindrical steel water tank is tested under the seismic loading with the externally bonded CFRP laminates. In retrofitting of cylindrical steel tank, the CFRP composite material coating method was used to improve of seismic performance of cylindrical steel tanks. ANSYS software was used to analyze the cylindrical steel tanks and maximum equivalent (von-Mises) and directional deformation were obtained. Equivalent (von-Mises) stresses significantly decreased due to the coating of the tank shell with FRP composite material. In thin-walled steel structures, excessive stress causes buckling and deformations. Therefore, retrofitting led to decrease in stress, reductions in directional and buckling deformation of the open-top, flat-closed, conical-closed and torispherical-closed tanks.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2006

In this study, laminated composite umbrella type roofs structures such as stadium, exhibition, auditorium and museum are analyzed. These structures have not been dealt with so far because of the difficulty in modeling. These have been analyzed mostly by a simplified method or a grid analysis in design. In this study, better results can be obtained by using shell element. The behavior of umbrella type shell roof under self weight is analyzed for various parameters such as the influence of diaphragm, diaphragm type, ${\gamma}-angle$ type, height/chord ratio of segment, slope of roofs, number of conical segment and subtended angle.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1989

2차원적인 유한요소들을 각 절점에서 6개의 자요도를 갖는 3차원인 입체로 결합함으로써, 횡하중을 받고 있는 합성 쉘 구조를 해석할 수 있는 프로그램 [MSSLL]을 개발하였다. 전체 구조물이 여러개의 반복되는 Substructure들로 이루어졌을 때에는, 인력의 소모를 극소화하고 계산시간을 절약할 수 있도록 해석과정에 Substructuring 기법을 본 프로그램에 도입하였다. 프로그램의 신뢰도를 확인하기 위하여 본 프로그램에 의한 해석결과와 다른 방법에 의한 결과를 비교분석 하였으며, 지진력을 받고 있는 8개의 개별 원추들로 구성된 쉘 구조의 거동에 대한 높이-경간비의 영향을 규명하기 위하여 변수연구를 수행하였다.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1984

An extension of the finite element method to the stability analysis of shells of revolution under static axisymmetric loading is presented in this paper. A systematic procedure for the formulation of the problem is based upon the principle of virtual work. This procedure results in an eigenvalue problem. For solution, the shell of revolution is discretized into a series of conical frusta. The buckling mode in the circumferential direction is assumed, this assumption makes the problem economical for the computing time. The present method is applied to a number of shells of revolution, under axial compression or lateral pressure, and comparision are made with other theoretical results. The results show good agreement each other. The effects of aspect ratio, boundary conditions and buckling modes on the buckling strength of shells of revolution are studied. Also the optimum shape of cylindrical shell under uniform axial compression is obtained from the view point of structural stability.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.321-336
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• 2005

The structural feasibility of a variety of non-conventional sludge digesters, in the form of thin shells of revolution constructed in concrete, has formed the subject of investigation of a recent programme of research at the University of Cape Town. Such forms are usually known in the literature as "egg-shaped", and the advantages of these over conventional digesters of the wide-cylindrical type are now well-recognised: superior mixing efficiency, less accumulation of deposits at the bottom, easier removal of bottom deposits and surface crust, reduced heat losses, and so forth. With the aim of exploring the structural feasibility of various non-conventional forms for concrete sludge digesters, and making available usable analytical data and practical guidelines for the design of such thin shell structures, a number of theoretical studies have recently been undertaken, and these have covered conical assemblies, spherical assemblies and parabolic ogival configurations. The purpose of the present paper is to bring together the different analytical approaches employed in each of these studies, summarise the main findings in each case, draw comparisons among the various studied configurations with regard to structural efficiency and functional suitability, and make appropriate conclusions and recommendations.

• 기계저널
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 1976

Stress analysis of tapered cylinder of reactor vessels is investigated by means of the intersection method. The tapered cylinder is approximated into three models-average cylinder, conical frustum, and ring. The results are compared with those of the finite element method program and an experiment. In this paper, the following results are obtained: (1) the best aproximation has been obtained by the ring model analysis: (2) the intersection analysis of the tapered cylinder by the ring model shows a sufficient accuracy for the stress analysis of reactor vessels.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1439-1450
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• 1995

Bellows is a familiar component in piping systems as it provides a relatively simple means of absorbing thermal expansion and providing system flexibility. In routine piping flexibility analysis by finite element methods, bellows is usually considered to be straight pipe runs modified by an appropriate flexibility factor; maximum stresses are evaluated using a corresponding stress concentration factor. The aim of this study is to develop a bellows finite element, which similarly includes more complex shell type deformation patterns. This element also does not require flexibility or stress factors, but evaluates more detailed deformation and stress patterns. The proposed bellows element is a 3-D, 2-noded line element, with three degrees of freedom per node and no bending. It is formulated by including additional 'internal' degrees of freedom to account for the deformation of the bellows corrugation; specifically a quarter toroidal section of the bellows, loaded by axial force, is considered and the shell type deformation of this is include by way of an approximating trigonometric series. The stiffness of each half bellows section may be found by minimising the potential energy of the section for a chosen deformation shape function. An experiment on the flexibility is performed to verify the reliability for bellows finite element.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.504-513
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• 1999

Usually bellows are designed for the purpose of absorbing axial movement. To find out axial stiffness of bellows the axisymmetric shell theory using the finite element method is adopted in this paper. Bellows can be idealised by series of conical frustum-shaped elements because it is axisymmetric shell structure. The force required to deflect bellows axilly is a function of the dimensions of the bellows and the materials from which they are made. The displancements of nodal points due to small increment of force are calculated by the finite element method and the calculated nodal displacements are added to r-z cylinderical coordinates of nodal points. The new stiffness matrix of the system using the new coordinates of nodal points is adopted to calculate the another increments of nodal dis-placements that is the step by method is used in this paper. spring constant is analyzed according to the changing geometric factors of u-shaped bellows. The FEM results were agreed with experiment. Using developed FORTRAN PROGRAM spring constant can be predicted by input of a few factors.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2007

본 연구는 광학현미경과 전자현미경을 이용하여 소라, Batillus cornutus의 정자형성과정과 정자의 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 소라는 2003년 5월에 전라남도 완도군 연안에서 잠수하여 채집하였다. 실험개체의 크기는 각고 $60.0{\sim}69.9\;mm$였다. 소라의 정소는 다수의 정자형성소낭으로 구성되며, 이들 소낭 내에는 다양한 발달단계를 가지는 생식세포들이 존재하였다. 태사기의 제 1정모세포에서는 연접사복합체가 관찰되었다. 초기의 정세포에서는 골지체의 출현, 핵질 전자밀도의 증가 및 관상의 미토콘드리아가 확인되었다. 초기 정세포에서 관찰되는 아첨체과립은 전자밀도가 높은 작은 이형과립들로 구성되어 있었다. 정자변태과정의 중기부터는 핵의 후방에서 중심립이 확인되며, 이들 중심립을 중심으로 잘 발달되어진 미토콘드리아들이 위치하고 있었다. 이 시기에 아첨체과립은 응축되며, 얇은 막을 가진 첨체를 형성한다. 후기 정자변태과정 동안에 첨체는 길게 신장되어 원뿔모양으로 변화한다. 정자는 두부, 중편, 미부로 구성된다. 정자의 두부는 원형의 핵과 원뿔모양의 첨체로 구성되며, 미세섬유로 구성된 첨체기둥이 핵과 첨체 사이에 존재하고 있었다. 중편에는 5개의 미토콘드리아가 존재하고 있었다. 정자의 꼬리는 중심립에서 유래된 미세소관의 전형적인 "9+2" 구조를 하고 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.647-654
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• 1985

본 논문에서는 미소한 비대칭 요소를 갖는 축대칭 셸구조물(종형구조물 또는 용접된 압력용기등)의 전산기 이용 도면입력/수정/출력, 체적특성치의 자동결정, 근사 고속 유한요소해석 및 출력을 시각화하는 일관 작업을 수행할 수 있는 전산기이용설계 알고리즘을 개발하고 생산가공에 대한 공리적 접근방법을 전산화하는 전산기이용 공정 계획 알고리즘에 대한 기초적인 연구를 행하였다.