• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.109-121
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• 2020

Depth calculation of objects in a scene from images is one of the most studied processes in the fields of image processing, computer vision, and photogrammetry. Conventionally, depth is calculated using a pair of overlapped images captured at different view points. However, there have been studies to calculate depths from a single image. Theoretically, it is known to be possible to calculate depth using the diameter of CoC (Circle of Confusion) caused by defocus under the assumption of a thin lens model. Thus, this study aims to verify the validity of the thin lens model to calculate depth from edge blur amount which corresponds to the radius of CoC. For this study, a commercially available DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) camera was used to capture a set of target sheets which had different edge contrasts. In order to find out the pattern of the variations of edge blur against varying combination of FD (Focusing Distance) and OD (Object Distance), the camera was set to varying FD and target sheet images were captured at varying OD under each FD. Then, the edge blur and edge displacement were estimated from edge slope profiles using a brute-force method. The experimental results show that the pattern of the variations of edge blur observed in the target images was apart from their corresponding theoretical amounts derived under the thin lens assumption but can still be utilized to calculate depth from a single image for the cases similar to the limited conditions experimented under which the tendency between FD and OD is manifest.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.125-146
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• 2008

At this point in time, advertisements data providers have no standard way of organizing advertisements, which has been causing confusion in information-sharing and data research. The purpose of this study is to design of metadata element for TV commercials by analyzing the characteristic features of TV commercials. First, it is to analyze characteristics, production process, composing elements of TV commercials through the literature review. Second, it is to analyze the characteristics of metadata elements on TV-Anytime and PB Core. Third, the 7 cases of advertisements data service providers are analyzed to extract the relevant data elements for TV commercial metadata. Forth, a Dublin Core was selected as basic metadata schema for TV commercial. Basic element is set as nineteen elements including , , , and . Sub-element is set as twenty seven elements. Finally, it is hoped that further studies of greater depth and specificity on organization and management of advertisements data may be undertaken.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.751-755
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• 2005

We propose a sound source localization method using the Head-Related-Transfer-Function (HRTF) to be implemented in a robot platform. In conventional localization methods, the location of a sound source is estimated from the time delays of wave fronts arriving in each microphone standing in an array formation in free-field. In case of a human head this corresponds to Interaural-Time-Delay (ITD) which is simply the time delay of incoming sound waves between the two ears. Although ITD is an excellent sound cue in stimulating a lateral perception on the horizontal plane, confusion is often raised when tracking the sound location from ITD alone because each sound source and its mirror image about the interaural axis share the same ITD. On the other hand, HRTFs associated with a dummy head microphone system or a robot platform with several microphones contain not only the information regarding proper time delays but also phase and magnitude distortions due to diffraction and scattering by the shading object such as the head and body of the platform. As a result, a set of HRTFs for any given platform provides a substantial amount of information as to the whereabouts of the source once proper analysis can be performed. In this study, we introduce new phase and magnitude criteria to be satisfied by a set of output signals from the microphones in order to find the sound source location in accordance with the HRTF database empirically obtained in an anechoic chamber with the given platform. The suggested method is verified through an experiment in a household environment and compared against the conventional method in performance.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.83-103
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• 2000

Through the this paper, a conclusion could be derived from CISG PICC MISC made by UNIDROIT, UNCITRAL, ICC of representative system making out a draft for uniform law, convention, trade usages. (1) In short, like most int'l sales rules applicable to commercial contracts, these rules play a supporting role, supplying answers to problems arising from transaction between the parties. (2) Though every one has in its own way a special feature, use of MISC made on the basis of actual facts which the parties are faced with their daily transactions, CISG and Incoterms being now in force, is desirable. (3) In case of use of MISC similar to a system of Incoterms, as PICC, it is necessary for MISC to set forth definitions about important terminology which is possible to give concerned parties confusion. (4) In a sense, PICC has a character complementing problems which CISG can not solve, therefore, if int'l agreement is given, it is desirable to adopt revised PICC adding specials conditions (A) of MISC as appendix of PICC such as Llouyd's Form in an appendix to MIA, as int'l convention.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide technical information about the management of occupational exposure limits(OELs) for substances with completely revised ACGIH TLVs. Methods: The history of ACGIH TLVs for aluminum compounds, the reason for the complete revision of the related ACGIH TLV in 2008, and OELs for them in respective countries were reviewed. In addition, the results of a 2019 work environment assessment for aluminum compounds in Korea were reviewed. Results: In 1979, the ACGIH set up the TLVs for aluminum compounds considering types of compounds such as metal dust, pyro powders, welding fumes, soluble salts, alkyls, and aluminum oxide. However, in 2008 the ACGIH withdrew the TLVs for all types of aluminum and its compounds and adopted new TLVs for aluminum metal and insoluble compounds. This can cause confusion in many countries in the management of exposure to aluminum compounds because they adopt or refer to the ACGIH TLVs. Conclusion: Although Korea is setting occupational exposure limits by referring to the ACGIH's TLVs, it is necessary to sufficiently review whether it is necessary to accept the TLVs as they are if a TLV is completely changed, like took place with the revision of aluminum compounds in 2008.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.199-209
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• 2006

The Global Land Cover 2000 (GLC 200) project, as a most recent issue, is to provide for the year 2000 a harmonized land cover database over the whole globe. The classifications were performed according to continental or regional scales by corresponding organization using the data of VEGETATION sensor onboard the SPOT4 Satellite. Even if the global land cover classification for Asia provided by Chiba University showed a good accuracy in whole Asian area, some problems were detected in Korean region. Therefore, the construction of new land cover database over Korea is strongly required using more recent data set. The present study focuses on the development of a new upgraded land cover map at 1 km resolution over Korea considering the widely used K-means clustering, which is one of unsupervised classification technique using distance function for land surface pattern classification, and the principal components transformation. It is based on data sets from the Earth observing system SPOT4/VEGETATION. Newly classified land cover was compared with GLC 2000 for Korean peninsula to access how well classification performed using confusion matrix.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.206-217
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• 2007

Generally, there is confusion as to what constitutes TQM, though it can be regarded as a set of concepts and tools for getting all employees focused on continuous improvement, various schools of thought have defined or classified the critical success factors as constructs, concepts and principles. Therefore the main aim of this paper is to provide a practical approach for understanding the quality management terminology. Using the existing quality management measurement instruments available in literature, the terminology used is classified into constructs, practices and finally tools or techniques. Quality Management may then be viewed as a combination of the three sets of terminology. Drawing on the quantitative study which investigated the implementation of TQM within the SME, the critical factors of TQM as used in that study as used to demonstrate the practical approach or methodology for the understanding of the terms thus used. For the benefit of practitioners within the Construction Management field, a bit of clarity is required as regards the terminology used. This study contributes to clarifying the conflicting results being reported in the quality management literature which inevitably leads to having different levels of analysis of Quality Management. Accordingly, the strength of quality management compared with other business philosophies should then focus on the practical methodology, namely the practices and techniques.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.57-66
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• 2023

Rice is an important food crop for most of the population in the world and it is largely cultivated in Pakistan. It not only fulfills food demand in the country but also contributes to the wealth of Pakistan. But its production can be affected by climate change. The irregularities in the climate can cause several diseases such as brown spots, bacterial blight, tungro and leaf blasts, etc. Detection of these diseases is necessary for suitable treatment. These diseases can be effectively detected using deep learning such as Convolution Neural networks. Due to the small dataset, transfer learning models such as vgg16 model can effectively detect the diseases. In this paper, vgg16, inception and xception models are used. Vgg16, inception and xception models have achieved 99.22%, 88.48% and 93.92% validation accuracies when the epoch value is set to 10. Evaluation of models has also been done using accuracy, recall, precision, and confusion matrix.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.40-41
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• 2023

This paper introduces the design of detection, recognition, and tracking algorithms for VTS radar image-based objects. The detection of objects in radar images utilizes artificial intelligence technology to determine the presence or absence of objects, and can classify the type of object using AI technology. Tracking involves the continuous tracking of detected objects over time, including technology to prevent confusion in the movement path. In particular, for land-based radar, there are unnecessary areas for detection depending on the terrain, so the function of detecting and recognizing vessels within the region of interest (ROI) set in the radar image is included. In addition, the extracted coordinate information is designed to enable various applications and interpretations by calculating speed, direction, etc.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.453-482
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• 2011

Until now and in the studying of fantastic literature, there has been likely to regard the character as secondary element, compared to their actions. However, it has to be recognized that the characters is a barometer to divide the boundary among the marvellous literature, or fantasy, magic realism, etc., in particular it is an important narrative element to understand an epistemological vision of fantastic literature. This thesis analyzes the characters, focusing on two dimensions divided such as between protagonist/antagonist and protagonist narrator/editor narrator. The characters in fantastic literature are usually set-up as people like ourselves, because it is necessary for the readers to consider the supernatural phenomenon as real world situation. The reason why many characters in fantastic literature usually meet a tragic end is that the structure of fantastic literature embedded unresolved supernatural confusion into ordinary order in the end, while antagonists are viewed as holders of extraordinariness and they are far from vero-similarity. Together with usual characters who represent the world of logic and reason, antagonists who seek to understand more about the universe totally and thus regarded as symbols of intuition and imagination and ultimately are the elements of fantastic literature. On the other hand, the "first person narrator" is divided between "protagonist narrator" who narrates the supernatural things through his/her own experience to readers and "editor narrator" who narrates the other's experiences. Particularly in the case of "editor narrator", he/she may narrates the stories with different explication and angle, which lead to hesitation and confusion for readers to identify between reality and unreality or natural logic and supernatural one. Even though there are various categories in fantastic literature, this thesis exclude 'neo fantastic', 'metaphysical fantastic' ones, characterized as a possibility of convergence with the secondary interpretation and symbolic implication. Beyond these materials, the literatures which involved with this thesis and analysis are normally related with traditional fantastic literary works which supernatural events intervene in real world and bring out collision between real and unreal, or natural and supernatural logics. Based on this criteria, this thesis chooses literary works such as "De los Reyes Futuros", "El Perjurio de la Nieve" written by Adolfo Bioy Casares who is a representative author in Latin American fantastic literature.