• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1378-1382
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• 2004

Zinc (Zn) is a micromineral and functions as a cofactor of many enzymes and its deficiency induces retardation of growth and dysfunction of the immune system in animals. This study was conducted to determine lipogenic activity of Zn in bovine intramuscular adipocytes. Preadipocytes were isolated from intramuscular fat depots of 26 month old Korean (Hanwoo) steers and cultured in media containing Zn. At confluence, the cells were treated with insulin, dexamethasone, and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl-xanthine to induce differentiation (accumulation of lipid droplets in cells). The sources of Zn were zinc chloride (${ZnCl}_2$) and zinc sulfate (${ZnSO}_4$), and the final concentrations of both Zn sources were 0, 5, 25, 50 and 100 ${\mu}$M. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, an index of adipocyte differentiation, was increased as the concentration of Zn in media increased showing the highest activity (25.74 ng/min/mg protein) at 25 ${\mu}$M of ${ZnSO}_4$. Supplementation of Zn during differentiation of bovine intramuscular adipocytes tended to decrease the production of nitric oxide (NO). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2(PPAR$\gamma$2) gene expression was increased 10 days after differentiation induction. The current results indicate that Zn has a strong lipogenic activity in cultured bovine intramuscular adipocytes with remarkable suppression of NO production.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 2017

Designed by star architect of Moshes Safdie, Raffles City Chongqing includes a total of 6 mega high-rise towers 250 to 380 m tall, a sky conservatory, a 5-storey high shopping mall and a 3-storey basement car parking. Located at the confluence of the Yangtze and Jailing Rivers, the site for the project is imbued with a significance that is immediately symbolic, both as a sign of Chongqing's important past and as a vivid indicator of the city's thriving present and future. The design for the project to be situated at this gateway takes as its governing idea the image of powerful sails upon the water. The outer facades of the project's eight towers - the transparent surfaces that will face the water to the north - are meant to recall a fleet of ancient Chinese ships, with their huge rectangles of white canvas filled by the wind. This is a $1.13million\;m^2$ mega scale integrated project of office, retail, hotel, service residence and high-end residence with the transportation hub and traffic circulation at various levels of the project. This paper presents the multi-dimensional hybrid design, engineering and construction of this mega scale project. The innovations and the cutting-edge technology used in this project are introduced and discussed benchmarking the design and construction of the skyscraper cluster in a major city like Chongqing of China.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 1998

Human Erythropoietin (EPO) gene is cloned in quail fibrosarcoma cell, QT35. Because molecular weight of EPO is similar to that of serum albumin, cell culture with serum containing medium makes purification of EPO very difficult. Using fractional factorial study, we have developed serum free medium for the recombinant QT35 cell lines, QT N4D4 and QT SY-IMP, which have cloned EPO with glutamine synthetase (GS) gene amplification system and with puromycin selective marker, respectively. Among the seven frequently used medium components, fibronectin, BSA, and EGF were the most important for EPO production. However, sufficient fibronectin supplement to the medium did not make any good attachment of QT35 to culture plate over 3 days. Therefore, to maximize EPO production, we attempted a medium-shift at confluence from serum containing medium to serum free medium(QT SFM6). Using the medium-shift protocol with QT SFM6, nearly the same productivity of EPO was achieved comparing with that without medium-shift. This result was true in both QT35 cell lines in three types of culture, i.e. T flask, microcarrier and roller bottle cultures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1621-1625
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• 2006

하천은 여러 하천의 연결망으로 구성되어 있으며, 연결부는 절점으로 이루어져 있고, 이 절점은 하천이 합류하는 곳으로서 하천의 시스템을 구성하는 가장 중요한 요소이다. 최근에 친자연 하천 복원 등의 많은 사업을 하고 있음에도 불구하고 이에 대한 검토가 거의 이루어지지 않고 있으며, 이를 검토하고 이해하는 것이 하천을 복원하고 관리하는데 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 본류와 지류의 하상경사 및 하상고가 다르고, 유사 유입조건이 다른 비평형 유입조건을 갖고 있으며, 하폭이 넓고 수심이 상대적으로 얕은 합류부에서 흐름 및 하상변동에 관하여 수치모의를 수행하여 그 특성을 파악하는데 그 목적이 있다. 적용 대상지역은 금강과 미호천의 합류부로서, 흐름 특성 및 하상변동을 모의하기 위하여 RMA-2와 SED2D를 이용하였다. 유량의 증가에 따라 흐름에 대한 유속이 증가하며, 전단층의 길이가 증가하고, 합류부의 우안의 정체수역에서 발생하는 와(vortex)의 크기도 증가하였다. 부유사의 농도는 실제 상황에 맞도록 비평형 유입조건을 사용하였으며, 미호천에서 유입되는 유사의 농도에 영향을 받아, 합류직후에도 유사의 농도가 높으며, 전단층을 경계로 하여 농도 띠가 하류로 유지되었으며, 합류 후에는 우안에서는 하상이 상승되었다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.911-918
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• 2013

Two - dimensional numerical analysis model(RMA2), is mainly applied to analyze the flood water levels, velocities and change of river bed at the downstream of Dam. The analysis result be able to influence to Gwangchon bridge from Juam dam, freeboard be insufficient 0.7m to left bank 300m section of dam downstream. Bank overflow is appear to all section of Bosung river to PMF spill condition. Inundated district is appear to river confluence to 200year frequency and is expand to bank overflow to PMF spill condition. Velocity in the channel was simulated high velocity to the bridge and narrow reach and appear to riverbed degradation.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2003

In this work, we have studied about an RSFQ (Rapid Single Flux Quantum) switch element. The circuit was designed, simulated, and laid out for mask fabrication. The switch cell was composed of a D flip-flop, a splitter, a confluence buffer, and a switch core. The switch core determined if the input data could pass to the output. “On” and o“off” controls in the switch core could be possible by utilizing an RS flip-flop. When a control pulse was input to the “on” port, the RS flip-flop was in the set state and passed the input pulses to the output port. When a pulse was input to the “off” port, the RS flip-flop was in the reset state and prevented the input pulses from transferring to the output port. We simulated and optimized the switch element circuit by using Xic, WRspice, and Julia. The minimum circuit margins in simulations were more than $\pm$20%. We also performed the mask layout of the circuit by using Xic and Lmeter.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.777-784
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• 2001

Evaluation of the granulosa cell (GC) monolayers developed from small (<5 mm) and large (>5 mm) follicles on the meiotic competence of caprine oocytes during in vitro maturation was done in this study in comparison to the granulosa cell coculture. Ovaries were collected from the local abattoir and follicular contents were aspirated for the monolayer culture. For IVM the oocytes were collected by puncturing the nonatretic follicles (>4 mm). Results revealed that at the same seeding rate, small follicular granulosa cell monolayer achieved confluence 24-48 h earlier than large follicular granulosa cell monolayer. GC monolayers significantly p (<0.05) improved the rate of meiotic resumption and nuclear maturation (84.76% vs 74.74%) after 27 h of culture in comparison to GC coculture. Statistically there was no significant difference in the maturation rate between the caprine oocytes matured over small or large follicular GC monolayers. It is concluded from the present study that GC monolayers support better nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of growing caprine oocytes which is evident by better maturation rate over GC monolayer as compared to the oocytes matured with GC coculture. Granulosa cells from small and large follicles can be used for IVM with more or less in the same efficiency after conditioning them with maturation media in 18-24 h before the onset of culture.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2575-2580
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• 2015

Cancer is a multifaceted and genomically complex disease and rapidly accumulating high impact research is deepening our understanding related to the mechanisms underlying cancer development, progression and resistance to therapeutics. Increasingly it is being realized that genetic/epigenetic mutations, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, overexpression of oncogenes, deregulation of intracellular signaling cascades and loss of apoptosis are some of the extensively studied aspects. Confluence of information suggested that rapidly developing resistance to therapeutics is adding another layer of complexity and overwhelmingly increasing preclinical studies are identifying different natural agents with efficacy and minimal off-target effects. We partition this multi-component review into citrus fruits and their bioactive ingredients mediating rebalancing of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins to induce apoptosis in resistant cancer cells. We also discuss how oncogenic protein networks are targeted in cancer cells and how these findings may be verified in preclinical studies.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.815-821
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• 2000

Parasplenial arteriovenous malformations(AVMs) are rare vascular malformations which have distinct clinical and anatomical features. They are situated at the confluence of the hippocampus, isthmus of the cingulate gyrus and the gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis. These lesions are anterior to the calcarine sulcus and their apex extends towards the medial surface of the trigonum. Posterolaterally, these lesions are in close proximity to the visual cortex and optic radiation. The objectives in the surgery of parasplenial AVMs are complete resection of the lesions and preservation of vision. These objectives must be achieved with comprehensive understanding of the following anatomical features :1) the deep central location of the lesions within eloquent brain tissue ; 2) the lack of cortical representation of the AVMs that requires retraction of visual cortex ; 3) deep arterial supply ; 4) deep venous drainage ; 5) juxtaposition to the choroid plexus with which arterial supply and venous drainage are shared. A 16-year-old female student presented with intraventricular hemorrhage from a right parasplenial-subtrigonal AVM. The lesion, fed by posterior cerebral artery and drained into the vein of Galen, was successfully treated by the inter-hemispheric parietooccipital approach. To avoid visual field defect a small incision was made on precuneus anterior to the calcarine sulcus. In this report, the authors describe a surgical approach with special consideration on preservation of visual field.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.72-75
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• 2009

Pulmonary bullae are air-filled spaces within the lung parenchyma that result from the destruction, dilatation and confluence of adjacent alveoli. Pulmonary bullae are found most often in healthy, middle aged, large breed or deep-chested dogs that have no previous history of lung disease and bulla may occur as a result of emphysema, inflammation or trauma. Clinical signs include respiratory distress, anorexia, depression and tachypnea. In this study, a dog with respiratory distress by traffic accident was diagnosed as pulmonary bullae with pneumothorax using radiography at Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, GNU. In radiographs, various sized, smooth margin, well defined, oval shaped, gas or fluid filled multiple bullae are shown in the left cranial, left caudal and right accessory lobes. At the initial stage of observation, there were indications of four bullae, two of which were not found in the following radiograph. At the same time, there were serious indications of lung consolidation that caused respiratory distress of patient. Ultimately, the patient was expired after ten hours.