• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 1997

Treatment of condylar fracture is still controversial, but the indication of surgical mangement is increased due to improved fixation methods and surgical techniques. In this article, we report our clinical and radiological results with the use of lag screw osteosynthesis for fixation of fractured mandibular condyle. 12 case of condyle fracture treated by open reduction and fixation with lag screw were monitored for an average of 10 months (range from 6 months to 19 months) postoperatively. The obtained results are as follows : 1. Postoperative maximum mouth opening is achieved over 40mm except one patient. 2. Although slight crepitus and deviation of mandible during mouth opening were found, Temporomandibular joint problem is satisfactory in all but one patient. 3. Distal migration of screw and resorption of fractured fragment were found in each 2 patients, but good functional recovery was achieved in all. According to the above results, we think that lag screw osteosynthesis is relatively indicated in level III or IV condylar fracture.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.363-379
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the mandibular retractive force on the mandibular condyle of growing dog. The experimental animals were six mongrel dogs of two-month old. Their deciduous dentition were completed. Two of them was used as control group, and experimental group was composed of remaining four. Head band and chin cup were made of cotton tape, and hooks are fabricated on the chin cup and had band for closed coil. Mandibular retractive force was 100g/side and chin cap appliance was used for 14 hours/day during night. Experimental group were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks from beginning of the experiment. Right TMJ was prepared for histologic study and left TMJ was examined grossly for disc, fossa, and condyle. The conclusions are: 1. Two-month old control animal showed active cartilaginous growth on the mandibular condyle, therefore showed thick proliferative and hypertrophic zones. Remodeling process in the condyle head was observed in which there were bone resorption on the anterior surface and bone apposition on the posterior surface. 2. Four-month old control animal showed marked reduction of hypertrophic zone but the condylar bone remodeling was more pronounced. 3. In experimental group, there are marked reduction of hypertrophic zone at 4 weeks from beginning of experiment, and hypertrophic zone disappeared at posterior-superior portion of condyle in 6-week experimental animal. 8 week experimental animal showed slight recovery of hypertrophic zone. 4. In experimental group, bone deposition was increased at anterior surface of condyle, and bone resorption was increased at posterior surface of condyle. 5. In control group, the glenoid fossa and surrounding bone showed mainly bone apposition. But experimental group showed bone resorption at anterior surface of articular eminence and increased bone apposition at posterior surface of postglenoid spine. 6. No marked traumatic change was seen but 4 weeks and 8 weeks experimental animal showed flattening of posterior surperior condylar surface. Bone marrow of condyle showed minute focal bleeding in 2 weeks and 4 weeks experimental animal, and congestion and depression of hematopoietic bone marrow during all experimental period.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.167-180
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• 1997

1993년 1월부터 1995년 12월까지 원광 대학교 치과대학 구강악안면외과에 하악 과두 골절을 주소로 내원한 환자중 관혈적 정복술 적응증에 해당되는 79명의 환자에 대하여 관혈적 정복술을 시행하였다(이 중 25명은 Dr. 남씨법을 행한 환자임). 평균 환자 나이는 32.5세(8-65세)이었으며 환자 관찰기간은 약 18.4개월(3-28개월)이었다. 62명(81%)에서 편측 과두 골절 양상이었으며, 57명(72%) 환자가 하악골내 다른 부위와 연관되어 골절되었고 이중 47명(59%)에서 정중부와 관련되어 골절되었다. 환자 나이, 골절된 과두의 심한 정도, 임상 증상, 방사선 사진상 등을 통하여 수술 방법을 선택하였으며 과두부 골절이 아닌 경우 대개 골절 부위의 견고 고정 및 근심쪽 과두 골편 제거, 관절 성형술 및 관절원판 정복술, lag screw고정 등을 시행하였다. 술 후 악간 고정은 약 2주 정도 하였으며 이후 수동적 개구 운동 및 능동적 개구 운동을 2에서 4주, 4주이상에서 시행하였다. 술후 방사선학적 관찰시 과두 흡수 및 후방 부위로 근심 과두부 변위 등, 약 21.5%에서 술 후 방사선학적 변화를 가져왔으며 특히 Dr. 남씨법에서 더 많이 나타났다(Dr. 남씨법(32%), 다른 정복술(16%)). 술 후 임상 증상은 19%의 일시적 안면신경 마비, 개구시 하악 변위(16.4%), 악관절 동통(15.2%), 35mm 이하에서의 개구제한(10%), 기타 부정교합, 관절잡음, 가성 관절 강직 등의 합병증을 나타냈으며 이중 Dr. 남씨법에서 더 많은 합병증을 나타냈다. 과두 골절의 와괴적 처치는 가능한 견고 고정을 시행하는 것이 좋으며 이중 Dr. 남씨법은 그 사용에 있어 고려 해 보는 것이 좋다고 사료된다. 특히 과두 골절 처치에 있어 무엇보다도 술 후 계속적인 환자 관리 및 장기간 예후 관찰이 필수적이라 사료된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2021

Various conditions such as pain or effusion of temporomandibular joint, degenerative condylar resorption, and articular disc displacement can be a cause of malocclusion. However, the reasons of occlusal changes are ambiguous in some patients. Unexpected occlusal change in patients with or without temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptom was mostly caused by masticatory muscular disorders. This article reports two cases of recovery of occlusal relationship in TMDs patients after stabilization splint therapy. Stabilization splint therapy could be useful in certain conditions of occlusal changes in TMD.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.11.1-11.6
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• 2019

Background: Botulinum toxin injection on the masticatory muscle induces the osteopenic condition on the ipsilateral condyle. Bisphosphonate suppresses bone resorption and is used to treat osteopenic or osteoporotic condition. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bisphosphonate administration on prevention of condylar resorption and botulinum toxin A-induced disuse osteopenia in rats. Results: The volume of the condyle and bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV, %) showed a strong tendency towards statistical significance (p = 0.052 and 0.058). Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th, mm) and trabecular number (Tb.N, 1/mm) were significantly smaller in the Botox group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The volume of the condyle and BV/TV in the bisphosphonate 100 and bisphosphonate 200 groups showed similar values when compared with the control group. Conclusion: Bisphosphonate administration after botulinum toxin A injection in the masticatory muscles appears to prevent condyle resorption and botulinum toxin-induced disuse osteopenia in rats.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.130-152
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of intermaxillary fixation on the chondrocytes of the mandibular condyle under the light and the electron microscope. For this study, twenty rabbits were placed in maxillomandibular fixation, and two were used as a control group. The experimental group was subdivided into 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 day group. After the experimental period of 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, the animals were sacrificed with a vascular perfusion of 2.5% glutaraldehyde. The condylar processes were exenterated, and decalcified in 0.1M EDTA with 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution for two weeks. The specimens were rinsed with phosphate buffer solution and the post-fixation was carried out with 2% osmium tetroxide at $4^{\circ}C$ for two hours. Thereafter the specimens were dehydrated in alcohol series, cleared with propylene oxide and embedded in Epon 812 resin. Thin sections and ultra-thin sections were made, and the cellular structures of the condylar cartilages were observed with light and electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. In the intermaxillary fixation group, the cartilaginous tissues of mandibular condyles showed a marked decrease in the thickness compared to the control group. 2. A remarkable change was noticed in the proliferating and the hypertrophic zone of the condylar cartilages in the experimental group. 3. An atrophic change of the condylar cartilage was appeared in the 3 day experimental group and degenerative change was observed in the 7 day experimental group, and recovery was seen in thereafter 14 day experimental group. 4. Calcification, degeneration and resorption of condylar cartilage were recognizable, and the cellular zone of the condylar cartilage was appeared indistinctly in 3 day and 7 day experimental group. The chondroblasts, however, were differentiated into chondrocytes and resumed mitosis, and then the cellular zones of the condylar cartilage were reorganized from the 14 day experimental group under the findings of light microscope. 5. Under the findings of electron microscope, atrophic changes and decrease in number of intracellular organelles, degenerative changes of cytoplasm, and pyknosis of nuclei were observed in early stage, however, a gradual regeneration and reorganization of the intracellular organelles were observed from 14 day experimental group.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2009

2006년 한 해 동안 경북대학교 구강내과에 내원한 하악과두흡수 환자 중에 MRI를 촬영한 42명을 대상으로 임상적 평가와 관절원판의 위치와 과두의 흡수 형태를 조사했으며 그리고 악안면 골격형태를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 임상적 평가 1) 여자가 34명, 남자가 8명으로 여자가 훨씬 많았으며, 이들의 연령분포는 10대가 14명, 20대가 13명, 30대가 7명, 40대가 3명, 50대가 4명 그리고 60대가 1명 이었고 10대와 20대가 대부분을 차지했다. 2) 대부분의 환자가 이상기능활동을 보고했다. 3) 다른 관절의 통증을 호소한 환자는 5명 있었지만 류마티스 관절염과 같은 자가면역질환으로 진단 받은 경우는 없었다. 2. 파노라마와 자기공명영상 소견에 대한 평가 1) 파노라마로 하악과두 골변화 관찰시에 과두의 편평화나 침식, 과두형태의 변형이 초래된 Grade II에 해당된 경우가 대부분이었다. 2) MRI를 촬영해 관절원판의 변위 여부와 과두형태 변화를 관찰 시에 비정복성 관절원판전위소견과 퇴행성 골변화가 동반된 stage IV에 해당된 경우가 대부분이었다. 3. 악안면 골격 형태 평가 1) 여자 환자에서는 SN, SAr, saddle angle의 값이 정상군 보다 유의하게 작은 값을 나타냈고, 남자에서는 SN만이 유의한 작은 값을 보였다. 2) SNA는 정상군과 차이가 없었으며, SNB는 남녀 모두에서 유의하게 작은 값, ANB는 남녀 모두에서 $4.9^{\circ}$로 유의한 큰 값을 보였다. 3) 남녀 모두 SN-GoMe, FMA의 각도가 환자군에서 유의하게 컸으며 FMA는 남자는 평균 $28.9^{\circ}$, 여자는 평균 $31.2^{\circ}$로 여자에서 수직적 성장이 더 크게 나타났다. 4) 총후안면고경(TPFH)은 남녀 모두 유의한 작은 값을 보였다. 5) Ramus height은 남녀 모두 유의하게 작은 값을 보였다. 6) Mandibular body length는 정상군과 차이가 없었다. 이들 결과들로 하악과두흡수는 소인인자로 수직적 악안면 골격형태로 인한 부하의 집중과 이상기능활동 증가로 측두하악 관절에 기계적 과부하가 가해져 과두흡수가 발생하는 것으로 생각하며 이러한 부하는 과두흡수가 발생하기 전에 관절원판을 변위시키고 형태를 변화시키며 이로써 관절은 부하를 받아들이기에 더 취약한 구조가 되어 부하가 가해지면 과두흡수가 촉진되리라 생각한다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2012

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prosthesis have been hesitated to use because of bitter memories about Proplast-Teflon interpositional TMJ implants. Many clinicians, however, are trying to use total TMJ prosthesis with getting continuous long-term follow-up results. Alloplastic total TMJ replacement have been applied to much more patients who have failed previous TMJ prostheses or TMJ implants, fibrous/bony ankylosis, severe osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease, idiopathic condylar resorption, condyle loss by trauma or tumor resection, and other bony destructive diseases. Nowadays three types of total TMJ prosthesis are widely used. In this article, indications, types of prosthesis, safety and stability would be demonstrated with a case report.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.559-564
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• 2006

According to the development of operation technique and biologic materials, oromaxillofacial surgery department have used many kinds of metal and biologic materials in ORIF and plastic surgery. In maxillofacial fracture, ORIF with metal plate and screw have short healing period and good prognosis. But ORIF with metal materials have many complications as maxillofacial abnormal growth, screw loosening, bone malunion. And metal materials have not used in infection site. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical value of 10 condylar fracture patients operated with absorbable screw at Wonkwang university. Ten patients(8 males, 2 female, mean aged 28) who had mandibular condyle process fracture treated with PLLA implants(poly-l-lactide) was recalled for follow-up clinical and radiologic examination for 10 years. Mouth opening recorvered to more than 35mm and occlusion was stable in all patients. All fractured mandibular condyles showed anatomic good reduction and long-term stability with the use of resorbable miniplates and screw. Bone healing was satisfactory in all patients, and there was no evidence of abnormal resorption of condylar process.

• 치과방사선
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 1994

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features of 23 cases of solitary bone cyst by means of the analysis of radiographs and biopsy specimens in 23 persons visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University and Chunbuk National University. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The incidence of solitary bone cyst was almost equal in males(52.2%) and in females(47.8%) and the prevalent age of the solitary bone cyst were the second decade(47.8%) and the third decade (21.7%). 2. In the signs and symptoms of solitary bone cyst, pain or tenderness revealed in 17.4%, swelling revealed in 13.0%, pain and swelling revealed in 21.7%, paresthesia revealed in 4.4% and 43.5% were asymptom and the tooth vitality involved in the solitary bone cyst, 76.5% were positive and 23.5% were either positive or negative. 3. In the location of the solitary bone cyst, 47.8% present posterior region, 21.7% present anterior region, 21.6% present anterior and posterior region, 4.4% present condylar process area. 4. In the hyperostotic border of the solitary bone cyst, 47.8% were seen entirely, 21.8% were seen partialy, and 30.4% were not seen. 5. In the change of tooth, 59.1% were intact, 18.2% were loss of the alveolar lamina dura, 13.6% were root resorption 4.55% were tooth displacement, 4.55% were root resorption and tooth displacement. 6. In the change of cortical bone of the solitary bone cyst, 39.1% were intact and 60.9% were thinning and expansion of cortical bone. 7. In the histopathologic findings of 9 cases, 33.3% were thin connective tissue wall, 11.1% were thickened myxofibromatous wall, 55.6% were thickened myxofibromatous wall with dysplastic bone formation.