• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze clinical outcomes from cervical cancer and stratify patients into risk groups for prognostic factors for early-stage disease. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with stage IB or IIA cervical cancer treated with adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) following primary surgery at Samsung Medical Center from 2001 to 2011. Adjuvant RT was added for patients with intermediate-risk factors, and adjuvant CCRT was performed on high-risk patients after surgery. Results: We reviewed 247 patients-149 in the high-risk group and 98 in intermediate-risk group. The median follow-up was 62 months. Loco-regional failure (LRF) alone occurred in 7 patients (2.8%), distant metastasis alone in 37 patients (15.0%) and LRF with DM in 4 patients (1.6%). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates for both groups were 79.7% and 87.6%, respectively. In the high-risk group, the 5-year DFS and OS probabilities were 72.5% and 81.9%, respectively. Histologic type, pathologic tumor size, and the number of pelvic lymph node (PLN) metastasis were significant prognostic factors for DFS and OS. We suggest a scoring system (0-3) using these prognostic factors to predict poor prognosis in high-risk patients. Using this system, patients with higher scores have higher recurrence and lower survival rates. Conclusion: In the high-risk cervical-cancer group who received primary surgery and adjuvant CCRT, non-squamous type, large tumor size and the number of PLN metastasis were significant prognostic factors, and the number of these factors was associated with survival rates.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2004

배 경 : 생존율이 아주 낮은 국소 진행성의 비소세포 폐암에서 생존율 증가 시키기 위한 여러가지 방법이 시도되고 있다. 그 중에서 화학-방사선 동시요법은 치료 반응율은 높아지지만 치료에 따른 부작용 또한 적지 않다. 화학-방사선치료를 병용할 경우에 있어서 항암제의 종류, 용량 및 투여방법과 방사선 조사의 적절한 시기에 관해서 아직 논란이 많은 상태이다. 본 연구는 docetaxel/cisplatin 병용화학요법의 초기에 방사선 치료를 동시에 실시한 환자들의 치료성적과 부작용 및 생존 기간을 알아보았다. 방 법 : 2000년 5월부터 2001년 9월까지 고신대학교 복음병원에 내원하여 비소세포 폐암으로 진단받은 병기 IIIA, IIIB의 환자들 중, 과거 항암치료력이 없고 수술이 불가능한 16명 환자를 분석하였다. 환자는 평균 연령은 58세이고 모두 남자이었다. ECOG 0-1이 14명, 2가 2명이었다. 병리조직학적으로 편평 상피세포암 10명(62.5%), 선암 6명(37.5%)이었다. 병기는 IIIA 2예, IIIB 14 예이었다. 방사선치료는 첫 번째 화학요법을 마친 다음날 1.15 Gy 씩 1일 2회 과분할조사를 시행하여 총 69 Gy를 6주간 조사하였고, 화학치료는 매 3주 주기로 6회 치료를 원칙으로 하였다. 화학요법 제1일에 docetaxel 75 $mg/m^2$를 주입한 후 이어서 cisplatin 60 $mg/m^2$를 정주하였다. 총 6차례 항암 화학 요법을 마친 후 치료반응 및 치료 동안의 부작용 및 생존기간을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 완전 관해는 4명(25.0%), 부분 관해는 12명(75%)으로 모든 환자에서 반응이 있었다. 치료 도중 독성의 빈도는 3도 이상의 백혈구 감소증이 87.5%, 3도 식도염이 68.8%이 발생하였다. 항암 화학 요법은 평균 5.6회(4-6회)실시하였고 백혈구의 감소로 인하여 16명 모두에서 약제 감량을 실시하였고 평균 2.9회에서 이루어졌다. 16명 중 13명이 사망하였고 중앙 생존 기간은 19.9개월(4.3-39.7개월)이고 1년 생존율은 68.7%, 2년 생존율은 43.7%, 3년 생존율은 29.1%이고 무질병 진행 기간은 중앙값이 9.3개월이었다. 추적 조사 중 국소재발은 11예 66.8%이었고, 원격 전이는 3예(18.8%)에서 관찰이 되었다. 원격 전이의 경우 골전이가 2예, 뇌전이가 1예에서 일어났다. 결 론 : 국소 진행성 폐암의 치료로 docetaxel/cisplatin을 3주마다 주사하면서 초기에 화학-방사선 요법을 동시에 실시할 경우에 반응율과 생존율은 우수하였으나 치료에 따른 부작용은 많이 발생하였다. 따라서 향후 부작용을 최소화시키고 치료효과를 최대화시키기 위해서는 약제의 용량, 투여방법 및 방사선치료 시기에 대한 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate the radiotherapy treatment outcome of patients in stage IE and IIE nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Materials and Methods: From August 1999 to August 2009, 46 patients with stage IE and IIE nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma were treated by definitive radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 33 patients were treated with chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (CT + RT) and they received 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions. 13 patients were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and they received 40 Gy in 20 fractions. Results: The median follow-up period was 4.6-137.6 months (median, 50.2 months) for all patients. The 4-year overall survival was 68.6% and 4-year disease free survival (DFS) was 61.9%. The 4-year locoregional recurrence free survival was 65.0%, and 4-year distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) was 66.2%. For patients treated with CT + RT, 15 patients (45.5%) achieved complete response after chemotherapy, and 13 patients (39.4%) achieved partial response. 13 patients (81.8%) achieved complete response after radiotherapy, and 6 patients (18.2%) achieved partial response. For patients treated with CCRT, 11 patients (84.6%) achieved complete response, and one patient (7.7%) achieved partial response. In univariate analysis, presence of cervical lymph node metastasis was only significant prognostic factor for DFS and DMFS. Conclusion: This study did not show satisfactory overall survival rate and disease free survival rate of definitive radiotherapy and chemotherapy for stage IE and IIE nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. For patients with cervical lymph node metastasis, further investigation of new chemotherapy regimens is necessary to reduce the distant metastasis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.5075-5079
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• 2015

Background: Adverse effects of treatment prolongation beyond 8 weeks with radiotherapy for cervical cancer have been established. Clinical data also show that cisplatin increases the biologically effective dose of radiotherapy. However, there are no data on the effect of overall treatment time in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with concomitant chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) in an Indian population. The present study concerned the feasibility of concurrent chemotherapy and interspacing brachytherapy during the course of external radiotherapy to reduce the overall treatment time and compare the normal tissue toxicity and loco-regional control with a conventional schedule. Materials and Methods: Between January 2009 and March 2012 fifty patients registered in the Gynaecologic Oncology Clinic of Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital with locally advanced cervical cancer (FIGO stage IIB-IIIB) were enrolled. The patients were randomly allocated to treatment arms based on a computer generated random number. Arm I (n=25) treatment consisted of irradiation of the whole pelvis to a dose of 50 Gy in 27 fractions, and weekly cisplatin $40mg/m^2$. High dose rate intra-cavitary brachytherapy (HDR-ICBT) was performed after one week of completion of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). The prescribed dose for each session was 7Gy to point A for three insertions at one week intervals. Arm II (n=25) treatment consisted of irradiation of the whole pelvis to a dose of 50 Gy in 27 fractions. Mention HDR-ICBT ICRT was performed after 40Gy and 7Gy was delivered to point A for three insertions (days 23, 30, 37) at one week intervals. Cisplatin $20mg/m^2/day$ was administered from D1-5 and D24-28. Overall treatment time was taken from first day of EBRT to last day of HDR brachytherapy. The overall loco-regional response rate (ORR) was determined at 3 and 6 months. Results: A total of 46 patients completed the planned treatment. The overall treatment times in arm I and arm II were $65{\pm}12$ and $48{\pm}4$ days, respectively (p=0.001). At three and six months of follow-up the ORR for arm I was 96% while that for arm II was 88%. No statistically significant difference was apparent between the two arms. The overall rate of grade ${\geq}3$ toxicity was numerically higher in arm I (n=7) than in arm II (n=4) though statistical significance was not reached. None of the predefined prognostic factors like age, performance status, baseline haemoglobin level, tumour size, lymph node involvement, stage or histopathological subtype showed any impact on outcome. Conclusions: In the setting of concurrent chemoradiotherapy a shorter treatment schedule of 48 days may be feasible by interspacing brachytherapy during external irradiation. The response rates and toxicities were comparable.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Reports
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2020

식도암은 장막이 없어 암의 침윤 및 전이가 쉽고, 흉부의 가운데 있어 수술이 힘든 장기이다. 이로 인해 명확하게 가이드라인을 따라 치료를 하지 못하는 경우도 있다. 이런 상황에서 다학제 치료를 통해 식도암 환자에서 치료를 효율적으로 하고, 생존율을 향상시키고자 하는 노력이 증가하고 있다. 본 증례에서는 경부 식도 1곳과 흉부 식도 2곳으로 총 3곳에 표재성 식도암이 있는 환자에서 다학제 논의를 통해 수술 대신 항암방사선 동시 치료를 시행한 경우를 보고 한다. 또한 치료 중 확인된 복강 내 림프절에 대해 전이 여부 및 향후 치료 계획을 다시 다학제 모임을 통해 논의하였다. 이런 과정을 통해 환자는 완전 관해에 도달하였다. 본 증례를 통해 경부 식도에 위치한 조기식도암에 대해 항암방사선 동시 치료가 효과적일 수 있으며, 또한 식도암의 치료에 있어 다학제적 접근이 효율적임을 알리고자 한다. 아직 사망률이 높다고 인식되는 식도암에서, 향후 다학제 치료를 통해 더 많은 환자가 도움 받을 것으로 생각된다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2022

Purpose: To evaluate whether the added value of contrast leakage information from dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC MRI) is a better prognostic imaging biomarker than the cerebral blood volume (CBV) value in distinguishing true progression from pseudoprogression in glioblastoma patients. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine glioblastoma patients who had undergone MRI after concurrent chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide were enrolled in this retrospective study. Twenty features were extracted from the normalized relative CBV (nCBV) and extraction fraction (EF) map of the contrast-enhancing region in each patient. After univariable analysis, we used multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis to identify significant predictors for differentiating between pseudoprogression and true progression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to determine the best cutoff values for the nCBV and EF features. Finally, leave-one-out cross-validation was used to validate the best predictor in differentiating between true progression and pseudoprogression. Results: Multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that MGMT (O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) and EF max were independent differentiating variables (P = 0.004 and P = 0.02, respectively). ROC analysis yielded the best cutoff value of 95.75 for the EF max value for differentiating the two groups (sensitivity, 61%; specificity, 84.6%; AUC, 0.681 ± 0.08; 95% CI, 0.524-0.837; P = 0.03). In the leave-one-out cross-validation of the EF max value, the cross-validated values for predicting true progression and pseudoprogression accuracies were 69.4% and 71.4%, respectively. Conclusion: We demonstrated that contrast leakage information parameter from DSC MRI showed significance in differentiating true progression from pseudoprogression in glioblastoma patients.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2006

목 적: 직장암으로 근치적 수술 후 보조 화학방사선요법을 시행받은 환자들의 치료실패 양상 및 생존율 등의 치료 결과를 후향적으로 확인함으로써 직장암 환자의 치료에서 근치적 수술 후 보조 화학방사선요법의 역할을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 직장암으로 근치적 수술을 시행하고 수술 후 보조 치료방법으로 화학방사선치료를 시행받은 AJCC 병기 II기와 III기 환자 46명을 대상으로 하였다. 병기별 분포는 T1, T2 병기는 없었고 T3 38명(82.6%), T4 8명(17.4%)으로 대부분 T3 병기였으며, N0 12명(26.1%), N1 16명(34.8%), N2 18명(39.1%)이었다. 보조 화학요법은 40명에서 4주 간격으로 6회에 걸쳐 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu)와 leucovorin을 정맥 주사하였고 6명에서는 Uracil/Tegafur (UFT)를 $6{\sim}12$개월간 매일 경구 복용하였다. 방사선치료는 골반 내 영역 림프절을 포함하는 부위에 45 Gy를 조사한 후 원발병소가 있었던 부위를 중심으로 조사범위를 축소하여 $5.4{\sim}9\;Gy$를 추가조사 하였다. 추적관찰기간은 $8{\sim}75$개월이었고 중앙값은 35개월이었다. 결 과: 전체 46명 중 17명(37%)에서 재발이 관찰되었다. 국소단독실패는 없었고 영역단독실패 1명(2.2%), 원격단독 실패 13명(28.3%), 국소영역 및 원격실패 3명(6.5%)으로 국소영역실패율은 8.7%, 원격실패율은 34.8%였다. 최초 치료실패 부위는 골반 내 원발병소 주변 부위와 골반 내 림프절이 각각 3명이었고 연결부위나 회음부에서 실패한 경우는 없었다. 최초 원격실패의 부위는 폐, 간, 뼈 순이었다. 전체 5년 생존율과 무재발 생존율은 각각 51.5%와 58.7%였다. N 병기에 따른 생존율은 N0, N1, N2에서 각각 100%, 53.7%, 0%였고(p=0.012), 무재발 생존율은 각각 100%, 47.6%, 41.2%였다(p=0.009). 종양의 위치에 따른 무재발 생존율은 상부, 중간부, 하부에서 각각 55.0%, 78.5%, 31.2%였다(p=0.006). 다변량 분석에서 5년 전체 생존율에 영향을 미치는 유의한 예후인자는 N 병기였고(p=0.012), 무재발 생존율에 영향을 미치는 예후인자는 N 병기와(p=0.001) 종양의 위치였다(p=0.006). 수술을 요하는 장 관련 후유증은 3명(6.5%)에서 발생하였다. 결 론: 직장암의 치료에서 근치적 수술 후 보조 화학방사선요법은 국소영역제어 측면에서는 효과적이었으나 원격제어에 대한 효과는 부족하다고 생각된다. 향후 생존율을 더욱 향상시키기 위해서는 원격실패를 감소시키려는 노력이 시도되어야 될 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2014

국소 진행성 직장암 환자에서 수술 전 항암방사선동시요법으로 치료시 추가적인 고주파 온열치료 유무가 수술 후 부작용에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 1996년부터 2007년 사이, 본원에서 수술 전 항암방사선동시요법과 근치적 수술을 시행한 환자 205명을 대상으로 급, 만성부작용을 분석하였다. 총 방사선치료선량은 39.6 Gy에서 45 Gy였고 1회 내지 2회의 항암약물치료(5-fluorouracil, leucovorin)를 동시에 시행하였다. 88명의 환자가 주 2회, 8-MHz 고주파 온열치료기를 이용한 국소 온열치료를 시행하였다. 외과적 수술은 수술 전 치료 완결 후 4~6주 경과하여 시행하였다. 환자군의 나이 중앙값은 59세(18세~83세)이고 추적관찰기간 중앙값은 61개월(2개월~191개월)이었다. 전체 환자에서 5년 전체생존율과 무합병증 생존율은 77.4%와 73.7%였다. 각각의 조기 누출, 지연 누출, 연결부 협착, 누공, 소장폐쇄의 발생빈도는 1.0%, 2.9%, 1.5%, 5.9%, 그리고 17.1%였다. 온열치료는 모든 종류의 부작용을 증가시키지 않았다. 온열치료를 실시하지 않은 군과 온열치료군 간의 5년 무합병증 생존율은 71.8%와 76.3%였다(p=0.293). 온열치료는 수술전 항암방사선동시요법 후 근치적 수술을 시행하는 국소 진행 직장암 환자의 수술후 부작용을 증가시키지 않는다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5383-5387
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate whether pretreatment serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) levels are associated with pathological responses to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: In total, 260 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (cT3-4NanyM0) who underwent preoperative CRT and radical surgery were analyzed retrospectively. CRT consisted of 50.4 Gy pelvic radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy. Radical surgery was performed at a median of 7 weeks after CRT completion. Pathological CRT response criteria included downstaging (ypStage 0-I) and ypT0-1. A discrimination threshold of CA 19-9 level was determined using a receiver operating characteristics analysis. Results: The median CA 19-9 level was 8.0 (1.0-648.0) U/mL. Downstaging occurred in 94 (36.2%) patients and ypT0-1 in 50 (19.2%). The calculated optimal threshold CA 19-9 level was 10.2 U/mL for downstaging and 9.0 U/mL for ypT0-1. On multivariate analysis, CA 19-9 (${\leq}9.0U/mL$) was significantly associated with downstaging (odds ratio, 2.089; 95% confidence interval, 1.189-3.669; P=0.010) or ypT0-1 (OR, 2.207; 95%CI, 1.079-4.512; P=0.030), independent of clinical stage or carcinoembryonic antigen. Conclusions: This study firstly showed a significant association of pretreatment serum CA 19-9 levels with pathological CRT responses of rectal cancer. The CA 19-9 level is suggested to be valuable in predicting CRT responses of rectal cancer cases before treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1111-1116
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• 2015

Background: To investigate the relationship between pathologic tumor response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy and variation of serum VEGF in patients with esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: Forty six patients with esophageal cancer who were treated with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy were enrolled. Endoscopic and pathologic examination was conducted before and four weeks afterwards. Serum level of VEGF was documented before, four weeks later and after chemo-radiotherapy. The relationship between pathologic response and the variation of serum level of VEGF and its influence on the prognosis were investigated. Results: Serum level of VEGF decreased remarkably during and after chemo-radiotherapy in patients whose pathologic response was severe (F=5.393, 4.587, P(0.05). There were no statistical differences of serum VEGF level before, during and after chemo-radiotherapy for patients whose pathologic response was moderate or mild. There were 18 (85.7%), 7 (53.8%) and 6 patients (50.0%) whose serum VEGF level dropped in the severe, moderate and mild group, respectively, with significant differences among these groups (p=0.046). Two year survival rates of patients with severe, moderate and mild pathologic response were 61.9%, 53.8% and 33.3% respectively, and no statistically difference between severe and mild group regarding OS (p=0.245) was tested. Conclusions: Tumor pathologic response during chemo-radiotherapy and the changes of serum VEGF lever could predict curative effects of chemo-radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer.