• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.485-489
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• 2002

The concepts from OOP have been integrated in a concurrency, leading to the emergence of concurrent OOP. Concurrency of concurrent OOP and various model technique of OOP language are integrated had been proposed. Concurrent programming and OOP technique unite that can gain various kinds advantage to develop concurrency application program. There have been a number of models proposed for integrating concurrency and OOP However, concurrency and inheritance are two paradigms which are difficult to combine in a suitable manner. The inheritance anomaly is the conclicted phenomena, which occurs only when concurrency is integrated with inheritance. The inheritance anoay is referred to as the serious difficulty in integrating inheritance and concurrency in a simple and efficient manner within a concurrent OOP. Concurrency and inheritance with integrated that Drop reusability of object remarkably and require re-justice of code that is inherited in subclass. So concurrency and inheritance with integrated Collision that happen between two special qualitys or Interference phenomenon is inheritance anomaly. Effect of inheritance anomaly minimum Much study findings announced about access method to improve code reusability. Wish to approach in paper that is division by synchronization code and method code to solve interference problem between and concurrency.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

Locally advanced (Stage III) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately one third of all cases of NSCLC. Few patients with locally advanced NSCLC present with disease amenable to curative surgical resection. Historically, these patients were treated with primary thoracic radiation therapy (RT) and had poor long term survival rates, due to both progression of local disease and development on distant metastases. Over the last two decades, the use of multidisciplinary approach has improved the outcome for patients with locally advanced NSCLC. Combined chemoradiotherapy is the most favored approach for treatment of locally advanced unresectable NSCLC. There are two basic treatment protocols for administering combined chemotherapy and radiation, sequential versus concurrent. The rationale for using chemotherapy is to eliminate subclinical metastatic disease while improving local control. Sequential use of chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy has improved median and long term survival compared to radiation therapy alone. This approach appears to decrease the risk of distant metastases,, but local failure rates remain the same as radiation alone. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy has been studied extensively. The potential advantages of this approach may include sensitization of tumor cells to radiation by the administration of chemotherapy, and reduced overall treatment time compared to sequential therapy; which is known to be important for improving local control in radiation biology. This approach Improves survival primarily as a result of improved local control. However, it doesn't seem to decrease the risk of distant metastases probably because concurrent chemoradiation requires dose reductions in chemotherapy due to increased risks of acute morbidity such as acute esophageal toxicity. Although multidisciplinary therapy has led to improved survival rates compared to radiation therapy alone and has become the new standard of care, the optimal therapy of locally advanced NSCLC continues to evolve. The current issues in the multidisciplinary management of locally advanced NSCLC will be reviewed in this report.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.714-725
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to provide fundamental data for the development of competency reinforcement programs to prevent addictive behavior in adolescents through the construction and examination of an addiction prevention core competency model. Methods: In this study core competencies for preventing addictive behavior in adolescents through competency modeling were identified, and the addiction prevention core competency model was developed. It was validated methodologically. Results: Competencies for preventing addictive behavior in adolescents as defined by the addiction prevention core competency model are as follows: positive self-worth, self-control skill, time management skill, reality perception skill, risk coping skill, and positive communication with parents and with peers or social group. After construction, concurrent cross validation of the addiction prevention core competency model showed that this model was appropriate. Conclusion: The study results indicate that the addiction prevention core competency model for the prevention of addictive behavior in adolescents through competency modeling can be used as a foundation for an integral approach to enhance adolescent is used as an adjective and prevent addictive behavior. This approach can be a school-centered, cost-efficient strategy which not only reduces addictive behavior in adolescents, but also improves the quality of their resources.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.983-990
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• 2008

This paper presents the fault detection and diagnosis(FDD) algorithm to enhance reliability of a longitudinal controller for an autonomous All-Terrain Vehicle(ATV). The FDD is designed to monitor and identify faults which may occur in distributed hardware used for longitudinal control, e.g., DSPs, CAN, sensors, and actuators. The proposed FDD is an integrated approach of decentralized and centralized FDD. While the former is processed in a DSP and suitable to detect faults in a single hardware, it is sensitive to noise and disturbance. On the other hand, the latter is performed via communication and it detects and diagnoses faults through analyzing concurrent performances of multiple hardware modules, but it is limited to isolate faults specifically in terms of components in the single hardware. To compensate for disadvantages of each FDD approach, two layered structure including both decentralized and centralized FDD is proposed and it allows us to make more robust fault detection and more specific fault isolation. The effectiveness of the proposed method will be validated experimentally.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2017

Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) is composed of heterogeneous subgroups that require a multidisciplinary team approach in order to ensure optimal therapy for each patient. Since 2010, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network has recommended chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for bulky mediastinal disease and surgical combination for those patients with single-station N2 involvement who respond to neoadjuvant therapy. According to lung cancer tumor boards, thoracic surgeons make a decision on the resectability of the tumor, if it is determined to be unresectable, concurrent CRT (CCRT) is considered the next choice. However, the survival benefit of CCRT over sequential CRT or radiotherapy alone carries the risk of additional toxicity. Considering severe adverse events that may lead to death, fit patients who are able to tolerate CCRT must be identified by multidisciplinary tumor board. Decelerated approaches, such as sequential CRT or high-dose radiation alone may be a valuable alternative for patients who are not eligible for CCRT. As a new treatment strategy, investigators are interested in the application of the innovative radiation techniques, trimodality therapy combining surgery after high-dose definitive CCRT, and the combination of radiation with targeted or immunotherapy agents. The updated results and on-going studies are thoroughly reviewed in this article.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.47-52
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• 2002

The integration of CAD/CAM/CAE in product development is the key to realize concurrent engineering. Generally, different systems are employed in product development departments. These different systems create a lot of trout)toes such as difficulty in communication, misunderstanding and so on. A new approach to integrate CAD/CAM/CAE in one system based on CATIA thor the end-to-end process in cylinder head development is presented. Hulti Model Technology (MMT) is used to create consistent and associated CAD models for the end-to-end process in cylinder head development. The concept and method to create and organize multi models are discussed. A typical four-layer structure of HHT for mechanical products is defined. The multi level structure of the cylinder head models based on MMT is provided. The CAD models of cylinder head created based on MMT can be used as the consistent model. All models in the downstream of cylinder head development such as structure analysis, CFD, sand core design , casting simulation and so oil are associated with the CAD models. Practice shows the approach in this paper enables the development process to be carried concurrently and can obviously shorten time to the market, reduce product cost and improve product quality.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.424-433
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• 2001

The cyclic debugging approach often fails for message passing parallel programs because they non-deterministic characteristics due to message race conditions. This paper identifies the MPI events that affect non-deterministic executions, and then converts the concurrent execution to the sequential one that is controlled in order to make it equivalent to a reference execution by keeping their orders of events in two executions identical. This paper also presents an efficient algorithm for the causal distributed breakpoint which is initiated by any sequential breakpoint in one process, and restores each process to the earliest state that reflects all events that happened causally before the sequential breakpoint. So a cyclic debugging approach can be used in debugging MPI parallel programs as like as in debugging sequential programming environments.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2018

Background: Nasal fracture and orbital blowout fracture often occur concurrently in cases of midface blunt trauma. Generally, these multiple fractures treatment is surgery, and typically, the nasal bone and orbit are operated on separately. However, we have found that utilizing a transconjunctival approach in patients with concurrent nasal bone fracture and orbital blowout fracture is a useful method. Methods: The participants in the present study included 33 patients who visited the Plastic Surgery outpatient department between March 2014 and March 2017 and underwent surgery for nasal fracture and orbital blowout fracture. We assessed patients' and doctors' satisfaction with surgical outcomes after indirect open reduction via a transconjunctival approach for the treatment of nasal bone fracture with associated orbital blowout fracture. Results: According to the satisfaction scores, both patients and doctors were satisfied with transconjunctival approach. Conclusion: We presented here that our method enables simultaneous operation of nasal fracture accompanied by orbital blowout fracture, rather than treating the two fractures separately, and it allows precise reduction of the nasal fracture by direct visualization of the fracture site without any additional incisions or difficult surgical techniques. Also, by preventing the use of excessive force during reduction, this method can minimize damage to the nasal mucosa, thereby reducing the incidence of nasal bleeding.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7025-7029
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• 2015

Background: The optimal sequence and extent of multimodality therapy remains to be defined for extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma because of its rarity. The purpose of our study was to assess the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation/radiation in patients with extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Four consecutively diagnosed patients were included in this study. The primary tumor site was oropharynx in three patients and esophagus in one. The patients with the limited disease were treated with chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation (n=2) or radiotherapy (n=1). The patient with the extensive disease with the primary site in vallecula was treated with chemotherapy and palliative radiotherapy to the metastatic site. Results: The median follow-up was 22.5 months (range, 8-24 months). Three patients with the limited disease (base of tongue, n=2; esophagus, n=1) were in complete remission. The patient with the extensive disease died of loco-regional tumor progression at 8 months from the time of diagnosis. Conclusions: The combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the preferred therapeutic approach for patients with extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma. Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation or radiation provides a good loco-regional control in patients with limited disease.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.113-124
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• 2008

Distributed operation of overall structural design process, by which product optimization and process parallelization are simultaneously implemented, is presented in this paper. The database-interacted hybrid method, which selectively takes the accustomed procedure of the conventional method in the framework of the optimal design, is utilized here. The staged application of design constraints reduces the computational burden for large complex optimization problems. Two kinds of numeric and graphic processes are simultaneously implemented by concurrent engineering approach in the distributed environment of PC networks. The former is based on finite element optimization method and the latter is represented by AutoCAD using AutoLISP programming language. Numerical computation and database interaction on servers and graphic works on independent clients are communicated through message passing. The numerical experiments for some steel truss models show the validity and usability of the method. This study has sufficient adaptability and expandability, in that it is based on general methodologies and industry standard platforms.