• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.971-984
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is twofold: to theoretically review the 'resources-based view' (RBV) developed by D. Hammer and his colleagues as an alternative cognitive theory and to illustrate the usefulness of the theory by applying it to interpret a science learning activity in which undergraduate students worked together to construct a model of the seasons. The theoretical review was based on the exploration of relevant literature and dealt mainly with three types of resources: conceptual, epistemological, and practical resources. The trial application revealed that scientific models have been developed through the combination of different pieces of conceptual resources activated from participants, rather than emerging as unitary wholes. However, all the activated resources were not included into a model, and some of the conceptual resources acted as constraints to constructing a scientific model. The implications included that science educators should be attentive and responsive to students' resources and help them use the resources productively to learn science.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2019

Whilst most research focuses on the reduction of operative energy use in buildings, the aspect of which (and how many) materials are used is often neglected and poorly explored. However, considering the continuous growth of the global population and the limited availability of resources, it is clear that focusing on operative energy alone is too short-sighted. The tasks lying ahead for architects and engineers cannot be accomplished with conventional methods of construction. With a share of 50-60% of global resource consumption, the building industry has a decisive impact on our environment. If business as usual continues, resources will be significantly depleted in a matter of decades. Therefore, researchers of the University of Stuttgart are investigating the concept of adaptivity as a promising method for saving resources in the built environment. The term adaptivity in the context of building structures was first introduced by Werner Sobek. It describes a method where sensors, actuators and control units are implemented in systems or facades in order to oppose physical impacts in an ideal way. The applicability of this method will be verified on an experimental high-rise building at the University campus in Stuttgart. Thus, this paper describes this innovative research project and depicts the concept of adaptivity in high-rise structures. Furthermore, it gives an overview of potential actuation concepts and the interdisciplinary challenges behind them.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.81-99
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• 2000

Nowadays, many commercial ERP products, such as Oracle, SAP, and Baan, etc, are designed based on large-scaled companies. It is difficult for small and medium-size companies with weakness in budgets and resources(e.g., human, organization, technique, and so on) to use them as it was. So, new ERP system need to be provided for small and medium-size companies. In this paper, we model and provide a conceptual ERP model for small and medium-size companies by using "4＋1 View" architecture model of Unified Modeling Language(UML). The conceptual ERP model consists of five subsystems： Manufacturing, Sales, HumanResource and Payroll, Accounting, and Trading. Especially, we describe the conceptual ERP model focusing on "Manufacturing" subsystem by using several diagrams of UML. By using the conceptual ERP model, the ERP system′s developers of small and medium-size companies can obtain many benefits： improving the efficiency of software developing process and helping user requirements gathering and description of ERP system′s nonfunctional aspect as well as functional aspect.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.265-276
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• 2016

In this study, modeling pedagogies were employed to re-design and teach the unit of Seasonal Changes in the $6^{th}$ grade science curriculum. The effects of the modeling-based program were investigated in both the conceptual and affective domains using an approach of mixing quantitative and qualitative techniques. The result showed that the students in the modeling-based science inquiry classroom gained a higher mean score in a conceptual achievement test than their counterparts in a traditional science classroom. The number of the conceptual resources activated to explain the causes of the seasons, as well as the types of student explanations developed through the combination of the resources activated, were greater in the modeling-based classroom. The modeling-based science inquiry was also effective in improving student attitudes toward science lessons. It was revealed, however, that the students experienced both positive and negative epistemic feelings during the modeling-based science inquiry. Implications of these findings for science education and relevant research were suggested and discussed.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.223-233
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• 2004

When the groundwater outflow occurs due to tunnel excavation during the road and railroad construction, depletion of groundwater resources, deficiency in the living and agricultural waters, and changes in the surface water flux are expected. The MODFLOW is a most commonly used and three dimensional finite difference model to predict changes in the groundwater system due to the tunnel construction. A conceptual model is one of the most important elements for the proper modeling results. Essential information will not be extracted from an oversimplified conceptual model while excess time and resources with much field data are required for the very complicated one. This study presented a comparison of the modeling results depending on some conceptual models and discussed construction of the efficient conceptual model for reasonable and realistic results in the tunnel modeling.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.937-942
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• 2005

It is necessary to estimate the runoff hydrograph and peak flood discharge using law of probability for synthetic flood control policy and design of hydraulic structures. Rainfall analysis is needed in the process of peak flood discharge estimation and the time distribution of a design rainfall is a very important process in the analysis. In this study, we estimate design flood for a small urban basin and a rural basin of medium scale which have different travel times. The Huff method is widely used in Korea for the time distribution of design rainfall to estimate design flood. So, we use Huff method and a conceptual method which is suggested in this study for the comparative purpose. The 100-year frequency rainfall is used to estimate design flood for each basin and the design flood is compared with the existing design flood. As the result, the design flood is overestimated $14.6m^3/sec$ by Huff method and is underestimated $70.9m^3/sec$ by a conceptual method for the rural basin. For the small urban basin, the design flood is excessively overestimated $294.65m^3/sec$ by Huff method and is overestimated $173m^3/sec$ by a conceptual method. The reason of excessive overestimation by Huff method in the small urban basin is that the increased rate of rainfall intensity according to the decrease of duration is large and the duration exceeds the time of concentration when the increased rainfall intensity is concentrated in a quartile. Therefore, we suggested a conceptual method for the time distribution of design rainfall by considering the rainless period and duration. Especially, the conceptual method might be useful for the small urban basin with short concentration time which the design flood is overestimated by Huff method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.830-831
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• 2005

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.471-483
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore how students' epistemological framing and positional framing affect the role of wonderment questions related to the activation of conceptual resources and to investigate what contexts affect students' framings during scientific model construction. Four students were selected as focus group and they participated in collaborative scientific model construction of mechanisms relating to urination. According to the results, one student whose framings were "understanding phenomena" and "facilitator" asked wonderment questions, but the others whose framings were "classroom game" and "non-respondent" were not able to activate their conceptual resources. However, they were able to activate their conceptual resources when they shared the epistemological framing of "understanding phenomena" and shifted between the positional framings of "facilitator" and "respondent." Although they were able to activate their conceptual resources, these activated resources were not able to contribute to their model when they shifted to the framings of "classroom game" and "receiver." In contrast, when students constantly shared an "understanding phenomena" framing and dynamically shifted between the framings of "facilitator" and "respondent," they were able to activate various conceptual resources and develop their group model. The students' framings were affected by the contexts. These included: when students were confronted with cognitive difficulties and were not provided proper scaffolding; when the teacher played the role of answer provider and guided the activity with correctness; when there were several possible explanatory models that students could choose from; and when the teacher played the role of thought facilitator. This study contributes to supporting teaching and learning environments for productive scientific model construction.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.299-308
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• 2012

Objective: This study presents the conceptual framework and the conceptual model to account for user experience by expanding the existing concepts of usability, in particular considering the user-interface environment in digital convergence. Background: To better understand a variety of users interacting with a converged product based on digital technologies, there seems to be a limit to consider the existing concepts of usability. All possible aspects of user's interaction with a product in a context of use need to be taken into consideration. Method: This study identifies the concept of user experience through a comprehensive literature review. Results: First, this study reviews the existing concepts of usability and user experience. And then this study describes four main components in the conceptual framework of user experience: user's internal states, user's external states, a product, and various outcomes, each of which encompasses distinct sub-components. The conceptual model of user experience accounts for how user's internal states change over time and for how different sub-components affect actual behavior of use. Conclusion: It is expected that these user experience concepts can be used in basic resources to better understand different behavioral characteristics of users and to better design interactive products in converged digital environments.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.523-531
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• 2013

In this study, a method of simulating ephemeral stream runoff characteristics in Jeju watershed is newly suggested. The process based conceptual-physical scheme is established based on the SWAT-K and applied to Cheonmi-cheon watershed which shows the typical pattern of ephemeral stream runoff characteristics. For the proper simulation of this runoff, the intermediate flow and baseflow are controlled to make downward percolation should be dominant. The result showed that surface runoff simulated by using the modified scheme showed good agreement with observed runoff data. In addition, it was found that the estimated runoff directly affected the groundwater recharge rate. This conceptual model should be continuously progressed including rainfall interception, spatially estimated evapotranspiration and so forth for the reasonable simulation of the hydrologic characteristics in Jeju island.