• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.775-780
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effect of foulant characteristics on Membrane fouling index such as Silt Density Index (SDI) and Modified Fouling Index (MFI). A linear relationship was found relating the fouling index (both SDI and MFI) on particle concentration, but fouling index values were nonlinearly (exponentially) with increasing organic concentration. When organic matter was the primary cause of fouling, the MFI was not accurately predicted due to internal fouling such as pore adsorption. The fouling index was determined mainly by particle characteristics when both particle and organic coexisted in the feed water. This observation was attributed to lessening of organic pore adsorption by particle cake layer formed on the membrane surface. Bench-scale actual fouling experiments demonstrated that permeate flux declines much faster with feed water containing particles than organic matters although fouling potential predicted by SDI values were identical, indicating that the accurate prediction of fouling potential requires the development of fouling index reflecting different foulant characteristics.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 대한설비공학회 2005년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.21-26
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• 2005

We performed the numerical analysis on the characteristics of indoor air quality and local supply index with a variation of supply · exhaust airflow rate. We analyzed the local supply index and carbon dioxide concentration at the room and breathing zone with respect to the variation of the supply · exhaust airflow rate. From the numerical results, we found that local supply index was affected but carbon dioxide concentration was hardly affected by the variation of the airflow rate in the room. And we also knew that carbon dioxide concentration was raised in despite of the increment of the supply airflow rate in the breathing zone. After this study it is necessary to analyze the local exhaust index when we evaluate the state of the ventilation in the room.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.209-213
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• 1993

The flow behavior of the mycelial broth of glucoamylase hyperproducer Asp. niger No. PFST-38 for the production of glucoamylase were studied. The mycelial broth followed Bingham-pseudoplastic flow model described by Herschel-Bulkley equation. The yield stress increased with the increase in mycelial concentration. The dependency of the consistency index and the flow behavior index on the mycelial concentration could be expressed by a linear relationship. The consistency index increased proportionally with the mycelial concentration while the flow behavior index decreased with the increase in mycelial concentration. The flow property of the broth was related to the morphological data obtain in the previous study. The changes in apparent viscosity of the broth could be expressed as a function of the hyphal thickness as shown below.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.7788-7793
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• 2015

Both export and import sides of grain trade market are analyzed and compared in terms of the static levels and dynamic trends to make new empirical inference on the imperfect competition degree. Export concentration level is high compared to import concentration level. And such states have been sustained since 2001 until 2014. Unlike public concerns, the concentration level of export side seems to be easing by small degree. However, the grain trade market remains imperfect competitive market. Furthermore, overall imperfective competition condition over 2002-2014 has been worsened compared to 2001 level. It is because the reduction level of imports concentration is higher than that of the export concentration. Gini and Atkinson Inequality Index based on Lorenz Curve are newly utilized to analyze market concentration level, instead of the commonly used concentration ratio.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.896-901
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• 2015

The effects of national gymnastics and brain gymnastics on brain activity were analyzed in 20 healthy university students. The students were assigned to either a national gymnastics group or a brain gymnastics group. Their frontal lobe activity was recorded before and after the exercise, and the resting, attention, and concentration indexes of brain waves were measured. The resting index significantly decreased and concentration index significantly increased(p<.05) after the exercise in both the national and brain gymnastics groups. However, the attention index significantly increased only after brain gymnastics, and, on the contrary, decreased after national gymnastics. These findings suggest that brain gymnastics is effective for improving attention.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.438-443
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• 1998

Effects of various environmental factors on cell size index(FCW/DCW) in Thalictrum rugosum. Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Taxus cuspidata plant cell suspension cultures were investigated. Time course change of cell size index were also observed. In batch cultures, FCW/DCW increased according to the decrease of sugar concentration. For short-term experiment within 24 hr, FCW/DCW value could be reduced significantly by increasing sugar concentration. When an osmoticum such as mannitol was added, FCW/DCW converged to a low value. Therefore, it was confirmed that osmolality of the medium was important in determining cell size or water content of the cells. Inorganic salts or treatment with organic solvent also exhibited some effect on the cell size index. However, pH and centrifugal force did not show any influences. On the other hand, it was found that the addition of Pluronic F-68 reduced FCW/DCW. By combining these results effectively, it may be possible to increase the cell concentration in high density culture to a higher extent.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.35-51
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• 2022

This study investigates how much building area among total building area concentrates on urban region in a local government region and then, I applies 'The Index of Building Concentration in Urban Area' for the first time in a study. The finding shows that Cities' Index is higher than counties', and also shows that a lower index is associated with a higher rate of older adult population, and is also associated with higher general budget expenditure by the local government based on the index of Building Concentration in Urban Area in Gyeongbuk Province. This study provides evidence that the Index of Building Concentration in Urban Area can be utilized in measuring shrinkage level, effectiveness of municipal finance, and in establishing shrinkage city/county planning by basic data.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.799-811
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate heavy metal contamination and pollution index of agricultural soils around industrial complexes in the Jeon-Buk Regions of Korea. Soil samples near industrial complexes in 2017 were collected at two depths (0 - 15 and 15 - 30 cm) within a 500- and 1000-meter radius before planting. Eight heavy metals (Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), Cupper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn)) and the pollution index (PI), geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and soil pollution index (SPI) were evaluated based on soil contamination warning standard (SCWS). Overall, the heavy metal concentrations were below the SCWS. The PI ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 and categorized into Group 1 which is not polluted with any heavy metals. The average Igeo values of all the soil samples ranged from - 2.56 to 3.22. The Igeo values of Cd and Hg may not represent well the pollution index because the heavy metal concentrations in the soil is lower compared to the SCWS. In fact, based on the heavy metal concentrations, the Igeo for monitored soils should be categorized into Group 1, uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. However, the Igeo of Cd and Hg are classified into heavily contaminated. These results suggest that for calculating the Igeo, the heavy metal concentration and background concentration should be used very carefully if the heavy metal concentration in the soil is lower than the background concentration. SPI for all the soil samples ranged from 0.00 to 0.11 which indicates no heavy metal pollution was observed.

• Health Policy and Management
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.304-314
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• 2017

Background: This study aimed to analyze effects of postpartum care services to women after birth, identify the factors affecting their use, and examine the extent of income-related inequality in the postpartum care services utilization and expenditures using Korean Health Panel data between 2010 and 2013. Methods: The panel data of the year 2010-2013 of the 247 women after birth were used. First, EuroQoL-5D was used to evaluate the effects of postpartum care service to women's quality of life. Second, multinominal logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of the use of the postpartum care services. Finally, concentration index and HIwv (horizontal equity) index were used to find that the concentration index for the inequality in the use of postpartum care services showed negative sign, which implied pro-rich. Results: The estimation results showed that utilization of the postpartum services has a positive effect on women after birth. Also age, area of residence, and number of household members turn out to be the factors of using postpartum services. And there are inequality in the use of postpartum care services whose HIwv index showed positive sign, which implied pro-rich. Conclusion: Therefore, the government's policy of the postpartum care service is necessary to be expanded and diversified considering the personal characteristics and equity of the women after birth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the obesity index and effect of dietary zinc and iron levels on serum trace minerals status in the high fat diet-induced obese rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control and high fat diet groups. Ten weeks later, the control and high fat diet group were rearranged into six groups by zinc and iron levels. After 16 wk serum zinc, iron, copper and manganese was analyzed. Obesity index was significantly higher in the group fed high fat diet (20% lard) than that of control group (5% corn oil). Body fat content was 12.10$\pm$4.51g/100g BW in high fat diet group and 7.64$\pm$4.18g/100g BW in control group. So, the obese rats were successfully induced by high fat diet. The trace mineral concentration of obese rats in serum were affected by zinc levels. Serum zinc concentration was increased by dietary zinc overload, whereas the iron, copper and manganese were decreased. Specially the manganese concentration was significantly affected by zinc levels. In both groups, serum trace mineral concentration was not changed significantly by the dietary iron levels. There were positive correlations between zinc, iron and manganese concentration according to dietary zinc and iron levels.