• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2006

Basic rheological data of dandelion leaf concentrates were determined to predict processing aptitude and usefulness of dandelion leaf concentrates as functional food materials. Hot water and 70% ethanol extracts of dandelion leaves were concentrated at 5, 20, and 50 Brix, and their static and dynamic viscosities, and Arrhenius plots were investigated. Most concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol showed flow behaviors close to Newtonian fluid based on power law model evaluation. Apparent viscosity of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol decreased with increasing temperature. Yield stresses of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol by Herschel-Bulkley model application were 0.020-0.641 and 0.017-0.079 Pa, respectively. Activation energies of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol were $2.102-32.669{\times}10^3$ and $1.657-5.382{\times}10^3\;J/mol{\cdot}kg$ with increasing concentration, respectively. Loss modulus (G") predominated over storage modulus (G') at all applied frequencies, showing typical flow behavior of low molecular solution. G' and G" of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water slowly increased with increasing frequency compared to those of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with 70% ethanol.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2004년도 International Conference Current Challenges and Advances in Environmental Health
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• pp.8-11
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• 2004

Objective To know about hygienic condition of drinking water in rural area of Kunming. Methods Selected 4 counties with different economy to investigate. In every county, according to the proportion, 10 drinking water spots were selected by randomization of lift drinking water'. Results In 4 areas, surface water for drinking is 82.41%, under water is 17.59%. And concentrated supply is 83.02% by populated proportion, others are 16.98%. 40 specimens qualification rate is 47.50%, and in it concentrated supply is 87.50%, others are 19.05%. Conclusion Unhealthy drinking water exist in most testing counties. Mainly microorganism isn't qualified. Concentrated management in drinking water is batter than other ways.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.129-133
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• 1998

We have studied a relationship between the pattern of complex modulus change versus internal phase volume ratio and the rheological consistency of concentrated W/O emulsions with Magnesium Sulfate in the range 0.0 to 0.5 wt% and with different oil polarities, respectively. The rheological consistency with time of concentrated W/O emulsion was checked using Fudoh Rheometer and the coalescence of deformed water droplets was examined using polarized light microscope(LEICA DMRP). To find the pattern of complex modulus change of the concentrated emulsions versus internal phase volume ratio, the effect of varying water phase volume fraction from 0.78 up to 0.85 on viscoelastic measurements was investigated using rotational rheometer (HAAKE Rheostress RS 50). The rheological consistency was mainly destroyed by the coalescence of the deformed water droplets. The greater the increase of complex modulus was, the less coalescence occurred and the more consistent the concentrated emulsions were. And the pattern of complex modulus increase versus volume ratio has been explained with the resistance to coalescence of the deformed interfacial film of water droplets in concentrated W/O emulsion.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 1999년도 IFSCC . ASCS 학술대회 발표 논문
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• pp.65-74
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• 1999

We have studied the stability of W/O high internal phase emulsions(HIPE) containing water, cetyl dimethicone copolyol and oils varying magnesium sulfate in the range 0 to 0.5wt% and oil polarities, respectively. The rheological consistency was mainly destroyed by the coalescence of the deformed water droplets. The greater the increase of concentrated modulus was, the less coalescence occurred and the more consistent the concentrated emulsions were. The increasing pattern of complex modulus versus volume fraction has been explained with the resistance to coalescence of the deformed interfacial film of water droplets in concentrated W/O emulsion. The stability is dependent on: (i) the choice of the oil is important, the requirements coincide with the requirements for the formation of the rigid liquid crystalline phases :5; and (ii) addition of salts the aqueous phase opposes the instability due to coalescence:. Increasing the salt concentration increases the refractive index of the aqueous phase. It lowers the difference in the refractive index between the oil and aqueous phases. This decreases the attraction between the water domains, thus increasing the stability.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2015

바닷물 속에는 다양한 종류의 이온들이 존재한다. 바닷물을 음용수로 사용하기 위해서는 특정 성분은 농축하고 또 다른 특정 성분은 제거되어야 한다. 이러한 특성을 갖기 위해서는 바닷물의 수질을 조정하는 것이 필요하다. 특히 2가 양이온인 칼슘과 마그네슘은 인체에 유용한 물질이므로 이를 농축하는 기술이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 나노막을 거친 농축수를 전기투석 장치를 이용하여 칼슘과 마그네슘을 농축하는 고경도수 제조기술을 연구하였다. 나노막을 이용하여 2가 이온 성분을 농축한 처리수를 얻은 후 이를 전기투석 장치에 적용시켜 1가 이온인 염화나트륨성분을 제거하였다. 이와 같이 전기투석 장치를 이용하여 고경도수를 제조할 수 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2001

The water celery, Oenanthe javanica DC., is widely distributed in Korea and the other South East Asian countries. From ancient times, the water celery has widely been used for food or medicine. In herbal medicine, the water celery has a medical actions which are defervescence, diuresis, hypotensor, appetizer. Recently, studies on the water celery are briskly being conducted. For example, studies on the morphologic property and classifications of origin of the water celery, studies on the chemical constituents of the Water celery, studies on the bio activities of the water celery which contains flavonoids. However, there is not studies of hematological changes in dogs administrated the water celery until now. Consicontly, this study was conducted to observe the hematological changes in dogs administrated excessive amount of the water celery concentrated extract for a long period. In this studies, all dogs showed significantly decrease of the RBC, PCV, Hb and MCHC, and increase of the WBC, MCV, GSH and reticulocytes, but did not significantly change in the Met-Hb.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2005

본 연구는 한방제제의 구성 약재인 마황이라는 천연한방소재로부터 미백효과가 있는 화장품 원료를 개발하고자 하였다. 본 실험에서 마황추출물의 tyrosinase 억제 효과를 확인하고 마황추출 과정을 세분화하여 methylene chloride 및 물분획물을 얻었으며 이들을 가지고 다시 tyrosinase 억제 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 수층부분에서만 $0.2\%$ 농도에서 $60.6\%$의 tyrosinase 억제 효과를 보여주었으며 이후 수층부분만을 농축하여 L-DOPA 산화억제 실험 및 B-16 melanoma를 이용한 미백 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 마황추출물 $0.5\%$ 농도에서 $87\%$의 L-DOPA 산화억제 효과를 보여주었으며, $0.75\%$에서는 $98.8\%$의 억제효과를 보여주었다. 또한 B-16 melanoma에서는 $0.05\%$에서 $70.2\%$, $0.075\%$에서는 $79.9\%$의 억제효과를 보여주었다. 그리고 수층부분만을 농축한 마황추출물의 in vivo상에서의 미백 효과를 검증하기 위하여 마황추출물 $0.5\%$를 함유한 제형으로 미백 임상실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 마황추출물을 함유한 제형에서 10주 경과 후에 육안 및 기기평가 모두에서 미백효과를 보여주었으며 통계적으로도 유의한 차이(p<0.05)를 보여주었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.96-100
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• 1975

2-Ethoxy-4-acetamidobenzoate (III) was synthesized by ethylation of N-formyl compound obtained with formylation of methyl 4-aminosalicylate and 2-ethoxy-4-acetamidobenzamide (VIII) was synthesized by ethylation of 4-acetamidosalicylamide (VII) formed by reacting methyl 4-acetamido-2-acetoxy benzoate with concentrated ammonia water under pressure. 2-Ethoxy-4-acetamido benzamide (VIII) was also synthesized by acetylation of 2-ethoxy-4-aminobenzamide (VI) obtained by pressure eraction of methyl 2-ethoxy-4-formylamido-benzoate (I) with concentrated ammonia water.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.475-485
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• 2011

Lake Sihwa has a very unique watershed environment, surrounded by industrial, urban and rural catchment area with different land use. The first flush phenomenon was investigated in 3 catchment area. 4TG, representing the industrial area, shows rapid discharges of highly concentrated pollutants during the early stages of a storm and it is indicating a strong first flush effect. At AS, representing the urban area, the pollutant concentration reached its peak approximately 2~3 hours after the start of storm, which is a strong first flush effect did not appear. JJB and MS represent the rural areas, the PEMC analysis results suggest that highly concentrated pollutants were discharged during the middle and latter stages of a storm, instead of early pollutant runoff due to the effects of rainwater runoff.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.17-32
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• 2018

다양한 수자원 확보 측면에서 해수담수화의 필요성이 증가하고 있으나 해수담수화 시설에서 배출되는 농축수에 대한 환경적 영향에 대한 고찰은 미흡하다. 본 연구에서는 국내 외 사례 조사를 통하여 고염분 농축수로 인한 환경적 영향 및 배출 규제를 고찰하였다. 국내에서는 독성평가 중심의 연구가 진행되었으며 식물플랑크톤, 동물플랑크톤 유생, 녹조구멍갈파래가 고염농축수에 영향을 받는 것으로 관측되었다. 또한 넙치 치사율이 염분 증가에 따라 선형관계를 보였으며 송사리는 60 psu 이상의 농도에서 100% 사망하였다. 국외에서는 독성평가뿐만 아니라 모니터링 사례도 있었으며 이들 사례를 저서생물군집, 연체동물, 극피동물, 어류, 해조 해초류로 분류하여 정리하였다. 전반적으로 농축수가 배출되는 인근지역에서는 종풍부도가 저하되었으며 고염분의 농축수가 해양생물에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이동성이 강한 성어의 경우는 염분에 노출되면 회피하고 염분에 대한 내성을 가진 해양생물들은 고염분의 해수환경에도 생존하였다. 농축수에 대한 규제기준은 염분 한계와 배출구에서의 거리로 표현되는 준수지점으로 제시되고 있었다. 국가별, 해수담수화 시설별로 규제기준에 차이가 있었으며 최근의 경향은 규제기준을 강화하는 추세이다. 특히 california water boards에서는 일일 최대 염분농도가 배출구 주변 100 m 이내에서 주변 염분농도보다 2 psu를 초과하지 못하도록 규정개정을 실시하였다.