• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.43-46
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• 2004

The large quantity of liquid wastes from nuclear industries such as nuclear power plants would become a serious storage problem in view point of the environmental safety. The liquid wastes should be concentrated to a smallest possible volume before the storage. The use of supported liquid membranes (SLMs) for this purpose is very attractive [1,2], however loss of solvent and carrier in the surrounding solutions limits the stability of SLMs and hinders their commercial application in the industries.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.66-75
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• 2003

This paper reviewed available information/data compiled by various agencies, institutions, and experts, including the academe. The review concentrated on five of the most pressing problems such as air pollution, water pollution, land pollution related to the problem of solid wastes, toxic and hazardous chemical wastes and deforestation. Most of the data presented focused on Metro Manila. Past air monitoring data showed significant exceedances of national air quality guideline values especially for particulates and lead. Many of the country's rivers and lakes have deteriorated, some were declared biologically dead. The acute solid waste problem and the proliferation of toxic and hazardous chemicals have led to the enactment of legislation. Uncontrolled deforestation has taken its toll on the environment and people. Various actions were undertaken by the national administration with the cooperation of other sectors to address environmental problems. However, constraints to the enforcement of environmental laws and programs must be minimized to attain the desired level of environmental protection and management.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 2006

The cemented and paraffin wastes form which are incorporated the concentrated wastes, the cemented waste form which is incorporated the spent ion-exchange resins, and the miscellaneous waste(decontamination paper) were irradiated up to $10^{+8}$ rads at $5.43{\times}10^{+5}$ rads/hr with Co-60(72,023.9 Ci) as an external irradiation source. As a result, the radiolysis gases such as $H_2,\;CH_4,\;N_2,\;C_2H_6,\;O_2,\;CO\;and\;CO_2$, were measured in all the wastes. The major gas which was generated in all the wastes was hydrogen($H_2$). The volume of the generated gases showed a difference from $0.029{\sim}0.788\;cm^3.atm/1.1g$ according to the type of wastes, and more was generated in the cemented waste form incorporated a spent ion-exchange resin than in the other wastes. More hydrogen($H_2$) gas was generated in the decontamination paper waste than in the other wastes, and the G($H_2$) value was 0.12.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of eco-friendly leather dyeing by utilizing food wastes. Natural dyeing of eel skin was attempted using onion peels which have been used commonly for natural dyeing of textile fabrics. Eel skin is a by-product from fishery processing and is used mainly for making leather products. The colorant was extracted from onion peels in boiling water, concentrated, and freeze-dried. Dyeing of eel skin was carried out to study the effects of dyeing conditions, mordant type and mordanting method on dye uptake, color change, drape stiffness and colorfastness. The optimum dyeing conditions were $60^{\circ}C$ of dyeing temperature, 60min of dyeing time at 1:100($H_2O$ 90%: ethanol 10%) of bath ratio. The onion peels produced yellowish color on eel skin. The pre-mordanting was effective than the post-mordanting. As a result of the drape stiffness measurement, the Fe-mordanted sample was somewhat stiffer comparing to other mordanted samples. The light fastness of the non-mordant dye was excellent in 3-4 grade. Drycleaning fastness and rubbing fastness showed excellent results, but fastness was not significantly improved by mordanting.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2008

In this work, it was investigated that various aspects of process, application situation, merits and short-coming results of the thermophilic methane fermentation with highly concentrated organic waste substances such as sewage sludges, food wastes and excretions. The merits of this methane fermentation were that it had a very fast reaction rate and was possible to proceed in high loads. It was also high in mortality for pathogenic microorganism and the digested sludge was more hygienic. However, the short-comings were that more energy was required for heating in the fermentation facility, no surplus energy could be gained from low concentration of organic waste, the fermentation treatment dropped level of water quality, thus burdens discharging process of water. Especially, the high concentration of methane fermentation could possibly lack nutritious salt and could face the disturbance by ${NH_4}^+-N$, a proper alternative was required. In general, thermophilic methane fermentation was considered as a better mean in disposing of cow excretion and food waste which were highly concentrated organic wastes. On the other hand, under the condition where the concentration of waste material was low and the high concentrate waste material became higher than 3,000 mg/L in ${NH_4}^+-N$, thermophilic methane fermentation resulted less desirable outcome.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.3761-3767
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• 2009

This study was investigated to determine the combustion characteristics, decomposition efficiency, and the flue gas concentrations after combustion in the high temperature reactor($1,250{\sim}1,400^{\circ}C$, 1 atm) for the liquid wastes(waste oil and waste solvent) generated from the industrial complex. The concentration of nitrogen oxide(NOx) is decreased and the synthetic gas is increased when the mass ratio of $O_2$/waste is about 1.53 because the reaction condition was changed to reduction state. And BTEXs(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) are decomposed more than 99.99%. If the highly concentrated liquid waste (waste oil and waste solvent) is treated under the operating conditions suggested by this study, our treatment method for the liquid waste was found to be proper because of the contaminants emission concentration is very low. In addition, the synthetic gas after combustion can be used as an alternative fuel.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.244-254
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• 2010

The trend toward intensification of livestock raising, confinement in barn has increased in recent days. The move toward concentrated animal feeding operations reduces per unit costs and permits farmers to better earnings in spite of fluctuation in hog prices. However, this also results in outbreaks of a lot of animal wastes and odorous compounds. Emissions of these malodorous compounds produced from concentrated animal feeding operations have become a concern for both public and regulatory agencies and are causing the complaints of residents in rural area. For competitive sustainable swine production industry, odor management plans systematically identify potential odor sources, determine control strategies to reduce these odors, and establish criteria for implementing these strategies. Since, the malodor originates from microbial activities involving a variety of microbes, understanding the characteristics of the microflora present in swine manure is essential for developing effective odor control techniques. This paper reviews the available information in the literature related to the types of bacteria in swine manure, the potential odorous compounds associated with different bacterial genera, and the corresponding techniques used to control odor based on microbiological principles.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1994

In the later part of 1980's, a great emphasis has been placed on the treatment issues of livestock wastes due to the continuous increase in consumption of livestock and meat products. Continued economic development for three decades has enhanced the nationally general level of life for the purpose of exit out of absolute poverty, thus accompanied with people's demand for a quality of environment beyond the traditional economic factors over times. Such an individual or collective demand for environment of life has been primarily focussed and argued on only rural environment in the early development periods. In perspective of clean water supply and security for urban area, however, it is more important to treat livestock wastes in the oriented-sustainable environment than in the conventional ways without working on environment degradation. Livestock wastes composed of the high-concentrated organic matter ought to be controlled and treated in sound ways, if not, which on one hand may result in pollution of underground water, surface water and a nasty smell, and on the other hand also may cause people to file a civil petition. Therefore on the research paper, reviewing occurrence of livestock waste and situation of treatment in details, through scrutinizing the government regulation and financing or subsidizing for it, author intends to find out the initiative of 'resourcefication' of treating of livestock wastes in the environmental soundness and efficiency

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 1997

There were a dramatic change in technical aspect in Korean detergent industry for past 5${\sim}$6 years. we, detergent industries, have been trying to find out a new way of production and better goods on environment as well as men to decrease domestic wastes and water pollution. In addition, increasing expense for transportation, storage and displaying give us another difficulties. Compact detergents are best method to solve this problems. Detergent ingredients, formulations and process were concentrated to the development of compact detergents. Now, I'll introduce about the recent trends in technical aspect and near future's prospects in Korean detergent industry.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.1 s.94
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• pp.30-35
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• 2007

Waste policies with waste metering system and recycling in 1995 have contributed to the reduction of solid waste generation. Now rural areas as well as urban areas produce less amount of solid wastes in terms of per capita. However most policies in relation to waste issue have been concentrated in urban areas. Large portion of agricultural waste in rural region are being illegally treated such as open incineration or burned out on the road. In this study, we assessed the atmospheric air quality and health risk by illegal open incineration in rural region. In case of benzene level, worst concentration during illegal open incineration was 0.23 ppm and cancer risk by exposure was estimated to $2.29{\times}10^{-3}$.