• Title/Summary/Keyword: Compressive bending strength

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A Study on the Basic Properties of Wood Impregnated with Inorganic Compounds (무기물처리 목재의 기초물성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Geon Hyoung;Oh, Tae Kyung;Lee, Weon Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 2006
  • Composite materials were prepared by impregnating water glass into the wood, followed by soaking in solutions of boric acid or phosphoric acid. The effects of these treatments on the physical and mechanical properties of the specimens and especially on its heat resistance were investigated. 1) Weight Percent Gain (WPG)s increased with increase of concentrations of water glass. However, there was little relationship between treatment temperatures and WPG. Generally, WPGs of double treated specimens were higher than single treated ones. 2) Percent shrinkages in each directions of the specimens treated with water glass had higher value than other specimens. Percent shrinkages of the specimens treated with boric acid or phosphoric acid were decreased as compared with untreated specimen. However, the specimens treated with water glass or phosphoric acid showed very high hygroscopicity. 3) The bending strengths of all specimens treated inorganic substances were slightly decreased. However, the values of compressive strength and hardness of most specimens treated with inorganic substances increased or similar to that of untreated specimen except for a phosphoric acid treated specimens. 4) The specimens had good heat resistance. Weight losses of all specimens treated inorganic substances were about 50~70%. In particular, the specimens treated at $300^{\circ}C$ and $400^{\circ}C$ almost kept their shapes.

A Study on the Finite Element Analysis and Management Criteria by Applying UPRS Method in the Subway Station (기존 지하철정거장 비개착공법 적용시 유한요소 해석과 관리기준에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Byeong Joon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.43-52
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    • 2019
  • To analyze the influence on the stability, resulting from application of upgrade pipe roof structure (UPRS) method to the structure existed under subway Station, physical properties of a ground, elasticity and elasto-plastic theories, including displacement analysis of finite elements, stress analysis of finite elements, displacement caused by steel pipe propulsion and internal excavation, and stress change in a steel pipe, were introduced. Then, the influence on structural stability when applying the UPRS method was compared and reviewed based on the construction management standard of the Ministry Land, Infrastructure and Transport and foreign sources, using numerical analysis with a model which assumes that each microelement divided into a structurally stable point consists of the connection of finite points. As a result of the finite element analysis, 7.21 mm maximum displacement, 1/3,950 angular displacement, 70.28 MPa bending compressive stress of steel pipe structure constructed with UPRS (non-excavation) method and 477.38 MPa maximum shear strength were within their allowable standards (25.00 mm, 1/500, 210.00 MPa and 120.00 MPa, respectively), and therefore, the results showed that the design and construction are stable.

Experimental Analysis of Large Size Concrete-Filled Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Piles Subjected to the Flexural Compression (대구경 콘크리트 충전 복합소재 파일의 휨-압축 거동에 대한 실험적 분석)

  • Lee, Sung Woo;Choi, Sokhwan
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.29 no.5A
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    • pp.519-529
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    • 2009
  • Fiber reinforced composite materials have various advantages in mechanical and chemical aspects. Not only high fatigue and chemical resistance, but also high specific strength and stiffness are attained, and therefore, damping characteristics are beneficial to marine piles. Since piles used for marine structures are subjected to compression and bending as well, detailed research is necessary. Current study examine the mechanical behavior under flexural and/or compressive loads using concrete filled fiber reinforced plastic composite piles, which include large size diameter. 25 pile specimens which have various size of diameters and lengths were fabricated using hand lay-up or filament winding method to see the effect of fabrication method. The inner diameters of test specimens ranged from 165 mm to 600 mm, and the lengths of test specimens ranged from 1,350 mm to 8,000 mm. The strengths of the fill-in concrete were 27 and 40 MPa. Fiber volumes used in circumferential and axial directions are varied in order to see the difference. For some tubes, spiral inner grooves were fabricated to reduce shear deformation between concrete and tube. It was observed that the piles made using filament winding method showed higher flexural stiffness than those made using hand lay-up. The flexural stiffness of piles decreases from the early loading stage, and this phenomenon does not disappear even when the inner spiral grooves were introduced. It means that the relative shear deformation between the concrete and tube wasn't able to be removed.

Nonlinear Analysis of CFT Truss Girder with the Arch-shaped Lower Chord (아치형상의 하현재를 갖는 CFT 트러스 거더의 재료 비선형 해석)

  • Song, Na-Young;Choung, Chul-Hun;Kim, Young-Jin
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.29 no.6A
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    • pp.625-639
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    • 2009
  • Experimental and analytical studies are performed on the mechanical behavior of concrete-filled tubular(CFT) truss girders for different f/L ratios. Bending tests are conducted on two CFT truss girder specimens to determine fundamental structural characteristics such as the strength and deformation properties. Nonlinear material models for CFT members subjected to an axial compressive force are compared in this paper by using the nonlinear finite element program, ABAQUS. Previous researchers have proposed several nonlinear stress-strain models of confined concrete. In this study, the nonlinear analyses are performed applying several stress-strain models for confined concrete proposed by Mander, Sakino, Han, Susantha and Ellobody, and the results are compared with the experimental results in terms of load-deflection and load-strain relationships. Based on the comparisons of the load-deflection relationships, the models proposed by Mander and Susantha provide a maximum load about 12.0~13.8% higher and that by Sakino gives a maximum load about 7.6% higher than the experimental results. The models proposed by Han and Ellobody give a maximum load only about 0.2~1.2% higher than the test results, showing the best agreement among the proposed stress-strain models. However, the load-strain relations predicted by the existing models generally provide conservative results exhibiting larger strains than the experimental data.

Studies on the Physical Properties of Major Tree Barks Grown in Korea -Genus Pinus, Populus and Quercus- (한국산(韓國産) 주요(主要) 수종(樹種) 수피(樹皮)의 이학적(理學的) 성질(性質)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -소나무속(屬), 사시나무속(屬), 참나무속(屬)을 중심(中心)으로-)

  • Lee, Hwa Hyoung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.33-58
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    • 1977
  • A bark comprises about 10 to 20 percents of a typical log by volume, and is generally considered as an unwanted residue rather than a potentially valuable resourses. As the world has been confronted with decreasing forest resources, natural resources pressure dictate that a bark should be a raw material instead of a waste. The utilization of the largely wasted bark of genus Pinus, Quercus, and Populus grown in Korea can be enhanced by learning its physical and mechanical properties. However, the study of tree bark grown in Korea have never been undertaken. In the present paper, an investigative study is carried out on the bark of three genus, eleven species representing not only the major bark trees but major species currently grown in Korea. For each species 20 trees were selected, at Suweon and Kwang-neung areas, on the same basis of the diameter class at the proper harvesting age. One $200cm^2$ segment of bark was obtained from each tree at brest height. Physical properties of bark studied are: bark density, moisture content of green bark (inner-, outer-, and total-bark), fiber saturation point, hysteresis loop, shrinkage, water absorption, specific heat, heat of wetting, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, heat of combustion, and differential thermal analysis. The mechanical properties are studied on bending and compression strength (radial, longitudinal, and tangential). The results may be summarized as follows: 1. The oven-dry specific gravities differ between wood and bark, further more even for a given bark sample, the difference is obersved between inner and outer bark. 2. The oven-dry specific gravity of bark is higher than that of wood. This fact is attributed to the anatomical structure whose characters are manifested by higher content of sieve fiber and sclereids. 3. Except Pinus koraiensis, the oven-dry specific gravity of inner bark is higher than that of outer bark, which results from higher shrinkage of inner bark. 4. The moisture content of bark increases with direct proportion to the composition ratio of sieve components and decreases with higher percent of sclerenchyma and periderm tissues. 5. The possibility of determining fiber saturation point is suggested by the measuring the heat of wetting. With the proposed method, the fiber saturation point of Pinus densiflora lies between 26 and 28%, that of Quercus accutissima ranges from 24 to 28%. These results need be further examined by other methods. 6. Contrary to the behavior of wood, the bark shrinkage is the highest in radial direction and the lowest in longitudinal direction. Quercus serrata and Q. variabilis do not fall in this category. 7. Bark shows the same specific heat as wood, but the heat of wetting of bark is higher than that of wood. In heat conductivity, bark is lower than wood. From the measures of oven-dry specific gravity (${\rho}d$) and moisture fraction specific gravity (${\rho}m$) is devised the following regression equation upon which heat conductivity can be calculated. The calculated heat conductivity of bark is between $0.8{\times}10^{-4}$ and $1.6{\times}10^{-4}cal/cm-sec-deg$. $$K=4.631+11.408{\rho}d+7.628{\rho}m$$ 8. The bark heat diffusivity varies from $8.03{\times}10^{-4}$ to $4.46{\times}10^{-4}cm^2/sec$. From differential thermal analysis, wood shows a higher thermogram than bark under ignition point, but the tendency is reversed above ignition point. 9. The modulus of rupture for static bending strength of bark is proportional to the density of bark which in turn gives the following regression equation. M=243.78X-12.02 The compressive strength of bark is the highest in radial direction, contrary to the behavior of wood, and the compressive strength of longitudinal direction follows the tangential one in decreasing order.

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