• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.96-104
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• 1999

A questionary survey was conducted to investigate citizen's attitude to the treatment of food wastes in Miryang city. In this study, collection effectives was 87.8%, as 281 individuals among 320 individuals. After volume-base charge system, 86.8% of answers perform source separation and 60.9% of respondents separate everything of recycle goods. The majority of respondents discharge food waste using standard envelope. The biggest problems for deposition of the food wastes are offensive odor and worm for reasons of sanitation. Almost citizens think that the period of deposition suit from two days to three days. More than 90.0% of the citizens recognized that compost products made from food wastes and recognition of the people for the composting and composting facilities was affirmative. Majority of the respondents thought that the administration and the provincial government need activity publicity for the source separation fixations of the food wastes.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2000

일반항목의 분석에서는 함수율 및 유기물농도에 있어서 처리장별 업종별로 큰 차이는 없었으며, 유기물함량과 함수량간에 상관관계는 높지 않았다. 중금속항목에 대한 오염기여도를 보면 하 폐수 및 사업장오니의 42건 중 비료관리법의 기준을 초과하는 것은 주로 As, Hg 및 Cr이었으며, As는 42건중 28건(67%), Hg는 21건(50%) 및 Cr은 9건(21%)으로 나타나 다른 항목보다 상대적으로 많이 오염되는 것으로 특성을 파악할 수 있었다. 상기와 같은 분석항목외에 선진국의 일부국가에서 규제하고 있는 기타 중금속 및 유해성 유기화합물 대하여 분석한 결과, Be, Se, Mo등 외국에서 규제하고 있는 농도에 비교해서는 아직까지 낮은 농도로 검출되었으며, 유기화합물 중에 PCBs는 10건 시료평균은 26.2 ppb 였으며 가장 높은 값은 하수처리종말처리사업소 발생한 오니로서 162.6 ppb 이었고, 낮은 곳은 피혁제조업의 하수오니로서 2.14ppb이었다. 각종 슬러지에 의하여 생산되어 유통되고 있는 시료를 수거하여 분석한 결과, 대부분 규제 값을 만족하고 있었으나, 크롬에서 농도에 상회하는 제품이 있었다. 현재의 각종유해물질에 의하여 재자원화에 장해가 되는 오염물질이 다수 관찰된 것으로 앞으로 면밀한 검토를 통하여 용도별 사용이 필요하며, 각종 슬러지의 재활용을 위해서는 규제 값을 상회하는 처리업소에서는 특정성분의 발생억제를 통한오염물의 저감노력도 필요할 것이다.

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 기술경영경제학회 1997년도 제12회 동계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.159-176
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• 1997

This paper deals with demand surveys for big science and technology research facilities and equipments to advance national S'||'&'||'T research infrastructure. We perform surveys thrice based on applied Delphi method on the future demand of big S'||'&'||'T research facilities and equipments among Korean scientists and engineers. We employ the concept of big S'||'&'||'T research facilities and equipments as follows: \circled1 The operating size of it is equivalent to that of an institute or research center, and/or \circled2 The users in various disciplines are many, and/or \circled3 The application areas or spill-over effects are large, and/or \circled4 The scale and scope of research objects is equivalent to that of mega science area such as earth.oceanography.space, and/or \circled5 The expenses for installing and operating it are to be supported by government, and/or \circled5 The facilities are expected as necessary for international joint research, and/or \circled7 It is necessary for promoting creative basic science and developing creative technology. We ask the respondents to answer the following questionnaire: - How to prioritize the equipments according to the degree of importance\ulcorner $\square$ Promotion of basic science and mega science, the development of the technologies to enhance the public welfare, the competitiveness of industrial technologies, the job creation for the S'||'&'||'T personnel, and international cooperation. - Who should be in charge of acquisition and operation of the equipments\ulcorner $\square$ Industry, Government Research Institutes, Academy, ERC and SRC. - When shall we acquire the equipment\ulcorner $\square$ Within 2000, 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017. - How shall we acquire the equipments\ulcorner $\square$ International Joint Development, Domestic Development, Acquisition from Overseas, - How much will the equipment generate spill-over effects to national competitiveness\ulcorner $\square$ Promotion of basic science, contribution to the economy, supply of S'||'&'||'T personnel, and international cooperation. We suggest the following equipments as prioritized candidates after consulting the officers from MOST, MOE, MIC, MOEN and experts from KBSI and STEPI:(table omitted) where, #1, Korea Advanced Liquid Metal Reactor, #2. 800 MHz Superconduction Fourier-Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer, #3. Ion Accelerator, #4. Seismic Test Facility, #5. Transonic Wind Tunnel, #6. Radio Telescope for Very Long Baseline Interferometer, #7. 3000t Universal(or Large Structure) Testing Machine, #8. Compost Facility or Plasma Pyrolysis Facility.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1993

The integrated solid waste management for Seoul Metropolitan city can be established on the basis of the following hierarchy of priorities: 1. Efforts for source reduction should be propelled by both government and citizens to achieve the effects of resource conservation. The adequate production and consumption which are environmentally amenable and sustainable can be induced by the reasonable imposition of deposit money for waste treatment to one-time use products. To accomplish source reduction effectively, the induction of legal and institutional regulation of producer and consumer participation is requisite. 2. For resource recovery, wastes generated should be recycled as far as practicable. Community residents are responsible to separate discharge, the authorities concerned have responsibility of separate collection, and recycling industry should be assissted through tax reduction and financing. Resource separation facilities can be constructed at Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site for wastes not separately collected due to some unavoidable circumstances. 3. Garbage should be composted. Garbage is uneconomical for incineration, because it has high moisture content and low calorie, thus there is no reason for the incineration of garbage even though garbage is classified into combustibles. Composting facilities can be located at sites which are not densely populated and easily accessible to transportation, for example, Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site. Compost produced can be managed by the authorities for the use of fertilizer to a green tract of suburban land and farms. 4. Nonhazardous combustible wastes not recyclable can be utilized for thermal recovery at the incinerators which are completely equipped with pollution control devices. According to the trend of local autonomy and the equity principle of local autonomous entities, incineration facilities of minimal capacity required can be constructed at each districts of Seoul Metropolitan city which have organized local assembly. In case of Yangcheon district, the economically combustible waste quantity is about 260 tons/day which exceeds 150 tons/day, the incineration capacity of existing facility. But, from now on, waste quantity can be reduced substantially by the intensive efforts of citizens for source reduction and recycling and the institutional support of administrative organizations. Especially, it is indispensable for the government to constitute institutional and technological bases that can recycle paper and plastics form 43% of waste generated. A good time for constructing of incineration facilities for municipal solid waste can be postponed to the time that pollution control technologies of domestic enterprises are fully developed to satisfy the standards of air pollution prevention, because the life expectancy of Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site is about 25 years. Within this period, institutional improvements and technological advancements can be attained, while the air qual. ity of Seoul Metropolitan city can be ameliorated to the level to afford incineration facilities. 5. For final disposal, incombustibles and ash are landfilled sanitarily at Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of composted liquid manure (CLM) on soil properties and turf quality of zoysiagrass. The CLMs were produced at 5 facilities for livestock excretions treatments located in Cheongwon, Gunwi, Iksan, Nonsan, and Yeoju in Korea, respectively. Field experiments were conducted at 5 golf courses and a sod farm located near each facility for livestock excretion treatments. Chemical fertilizer (CF) with N at $12g\;m^{-2}year^{-1}$ and CLMs were applied four times, respectively. The constituents of the different CLMs were variable based on when and where the fertilizer was produced. Soil K content significantly increased when the soil was treated with CLMs. The soil treated with CF showed a higher content of total P than that treated with CLM. CF and CLMs treatments significantly increased the turf color index compared with control. Tiller density and shoot dry weight of fertilized plots were also higher than those of non-fertilized plots. However, there was no significant difference in turf color index and tiller density among plots treated by CLMs or CF. The results of this study demonstrated that CLMs could be a substitute for CF.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.354-361
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate whether several composted liquid manures (CLMs) are useful for biological control of large patch on zoysiagrass and investigate the chemical and biological factors to suppress large patch in soil treated with CLMs. The CLMs were produced at 4 different facilities for livestock excretion treatments located in Korea. Field experiments were carried out at 5 golf courses located near each facility. CLM and Chemical fertilizer (CF: water soluble fertilizer, 20-20-20) were applied four and three times with N at $12g\;m^{-2}$ per year, respectively. There was significant increase of concentration of K, Na, and Cu of soil treated with CLM compared to CF treatment. Among experimental plots, CN and GG2 plot sites were shown significant higher effect of biological control 80% and 50% respectively against large patch disease. The number of bacteria, Actinomycetes, and fungi in soil at these sites significantly increased and fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity was enhanced, while the soil was treated with CLM. The results of this study demonstrated that CLM application has effect on soil to suppress large patch and reduce the use of fungicide in environment-friendly turf management.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2017

As livestock husbandry has broadened from family-scale to enterprise-scale, the number of farming families has decreased in contrast to the increase of the number of livestock, and the amount of livestock manure discharged per household has increased. Livestock manure is difficult to handle and its disposal in the ocean is prohibited. Moreover, facilities that compost and liquefy manure are blamed as sources of soil, ground water, and surface water pollution because the amount of manure generated from husbandry farms causes eutrophication. In this study, livestock manure was utilized as a feedstock of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process to produce biochar for use as an environmental medium. The biochar was tested for iodine adsorption capability and its performance was compared with other adsorbent materials.

• 적정기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2021

The application of appropriate technologies in a developing country is an opportunity to introduce green technology which may lead people to imagine a better life. This point is at the intersection of appropriate technology and sustainable development. This research focuses on Hatphain village where there is no clean water, sewage system, or power lines. Two environmental technologies (an unpowered water purification system, Ongdalsaem and an eco-toilet system, BeeVi toilet) were introduced, based on the concepts of the environmental self- sustainable village and feces Standard Money (fSM). We found that the Ongdalsaem was effective in reducing the concentration of nitrogen and lead in the water in Hatphain. The BeeVi water-free toilet was installed, allowing urine and feces to be separated and used as compost. We strived to spread ideas of sustainability using new eco-circulation experiences and encouraging learning about environmental technology through practical and playing facilities that residents managed themselves.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제14권
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• pp.85-100
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• 1996

필리핀의 잠사업은 그 역사가 매우 짧다. 1974년 일본의 잠업기술을 도입하면서부터 양잠에 관심을 갖기 시작하였다. 그후 1990년 한국의 잠업기술자의 도움을 받아 뽕밭을 조성하고 잠실을 지어 양잠을 본격적으로 시작하게 되었다. 따라서 이 나라의 잠업역사가 짧은 것 만큼 뽕나무 재배기술도 몹시 낙후되어 있는 실정이다. 필리핀 고지대의 뽕밭의 현황 및 그 개선책을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 강우량, 기온, 일조시간 및 습도 등은 뽕나무가 자라는데 큰 무리가 없어 보인다. 다만 12월부터 3월까지의 건기에는 뽕밭에 관수를 하거나 뽕밭 주위에 무진장으로 자생하고 있는 풀을 베어서 뽕밭에 피복하여 토양수분을 보존한다. 대부분의 뽕밭이 급경사지에 조성되었는데 등고선에 따라 계단을 만들거나 승수로의 설치등이 되어 있지 않기 때문에 강우시에는 토양의 침식 및 유실이 심하였다. 따라서 계단사면에는 초생재배를 실시하고 계단면에는 유기물을 피복하여 토양의 유실을 방지해야 할 것이다. 토양의 pH 4.7, 유기물함량 1.6%, 유효인산함량은 6ppm이었다. 즉 유기물 함량이 낮은 강산성토양이며 유효인산함량이 극히 낮은 토양이었다. 석회와 유기물을 다량 사용하여 토양을 개량하고 인산비료를 증시해야한다. 소나무 밑에서 재배하고 있는 뽕밭에서는 햇빛이 잘 쪼일 수 있도록 소나무의 곁가지를 전정해주고 석회를 증시한다. 현재의 ha당 시비량 질소-46kg, 인산-18kg, 칼리-18kg은 너무 적은 양이므로 ha당 질소-250kg, 인산-120kg, 칼리-120kg을 시용한다. 전체 뽕밭의 70%에 해당하는 뽕나무가 뽕나무 잎말이 나방피해를 받고 있는 실정인바 DDVP 및 KAFIL 등의 약제 방제를 실시한다. 우기에 많이 발생하는 적삽병은 이병된 뽕잎과 새순은 조기 제거하고 Topsin-M을 살포한다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 퇴비공장 또는 공공시설에서 발생되는 악취폐가스의 대표적인 제거대상 오염원인 암모니아의 효율적 처리를 위하여, 여러 운전 조건 하에서 동 부피의 폐타이어담체와 compost를 충전하고 반송슬러지를 고정한 바이오필터의 암모니아 제거 특성을 조사하고 바이오필터공정의 적정운전조건을 구축하였다. 암모니아를 함유한 폐가스의 처리를 위하여 바이오필터를 30일(2회/1일의 회수로 총 60회 실험) 동안 약 $30^{\circ}C$의 온도조건 하에서 암모니아부하를 $2.18g-N/m^3/h$부터 $70g-N/m^3/h$ 까지 증가시키면서 운전하였다. 바이오필터를 가동하여 I부터 IV 단계까지는 암모니아 제거율이 거의 100%로서, 암모니아부하가 $17g-N/m^3/h$에 이르기까지 거의 모든 암모니아가 제거되었으나, 바이오필터 운전 V 단계에서 암모니아부하를 약 $35g-N/m^3/h$로 증가시켰을 때에 암모니아제거율은 약 80% 정도로 급락하여 암모니아 제거용량이 약 $28g-N/m^3/h$이었다. 그러나 바이오필터 운전 VI 단계에서 암모니아부하를 약 $70g-N/m^3/h$로 두 배로 증가시켰을 때에도 암모니아제거율은 80%를 유지하여 최대암모니아 제거용량이 약 $55g-N/m^3/h$에 달하였다. 이와 같이 본 연구의 최대 암모니아 제거용량은, 분뇨슬러지를 유기담체인 rock wool에 접종하고 Kim 등에 의하여 수행된 바이오필터실험의 최대 암모니아 제거용량인 $1,200g-N/m^3/day$(i.e., $50g-N/m^3/h$)보다 다소 우월하였다. 그러나 본 연구의 암모니아 질소 임계부하는 Kim 등에 의하여 수행된 바이오필터실험의 암모니아 질소의 임계부하인 $810g-N/m^3/day$(i.e., $33.75g-N/m^3/h$)에 미치지 못하였다. 본 연구의 최대 암모니아 제거용량이 Kim 등보다 우월한 이유는 Kim 등에 의하여 사용된 미생물담체보다 본 연구에서 사용한 미생물담체인 폐타이어담체의 코코넛 활성탄분말로 도포된 표면 및 발달된 내부공극이 각각 질산화 및 탈질 미생물이 고정화되기 더욱 쉬운 환경을 제공하기 때문이라고 사료된다.