• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 1988

The primary aim of this study was to access the degree of marginal leakage in composite resin inlay restorations. Class V cavities were prepared on sixty extracted premolars. They were classified as control group and experimental group 1, 2 and each group was filled with BIS-FIL $I^{(R)}$ and $Silux^{(R)}$ composite resins. In the control group, the composite resin was inserted directly, the experimental group 2 was inserted as composite resin inlay after heat treatment on $125^{\circ}C$, 10 minutes. Then thermocycling was performed 1000 times. After staining with 1% Basic Fuchsin, they were cut in Buccolingual direction and the degree of penetration of the dye was examined under L/M. The following results were obtained : 1. In occlusal margin area, difference in marginal leakage was not observed in all groups. 2. In gingival margin area, cavities filled with composite resin inlay was less marginal leakage than filled directly in BIS-FIL $I^{(R)}$ group, and statistical significant difference was not existed in $Silux^{(R)}$ group. 3. The statistical significance was not existed between composite resin inlay and composite resin inlay heated secondarily. 4. In all groups, gingival margin area reveals more marginal leakage than occlusal margin area and statistical significance was existed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.135-147
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• 1994

This study was conducted to evaluate whether the fatigue toughness of visible light cured composite resins could be improved and how much percentage of polymerzation shrinkage could be affected by additional heat treatment. 7 materials were investigated for this study: P-50, Lite-fil CR inlay, Pekafil, Clearfil CR inlay, Clearfil photo posterior, Z -100 and Progress. Diametral tensile strengths and linear shrinkages of composite resins were taken under visible light cured and additional post-cure heated condition and compared each other. A fatigue toughness of above materials was evaluated by measuring diametral tensile strength after they were repeatedly loaded with 120kgf/$cm^2$ up to 3000 cycles. The results obtained were as follows : 1. When composite resins were cured just by visible light, Lite fil CR inlay, Z -100 and Progress showed respectively higher diametral tensile strength than the other materials. Clearfil CR inlay, Clearfil photo posterior and Progress exhibited strong fatigue toughness compared to P-50 and Pekafil. 2. Post-cure heat treated composite resins had higher diametral tensile strengths than visible light cured composite resins at fatigue toughness test as well as no fatigue toughness test. 3. When Composite resins were additionally polymerized by post-cure heat treatment, P-50 showed weak fatigue toughness, on the contrary, Clearfil CR inlay, Z-100, Progress showed strong one. 4. When composite resins were cured just by visible light, percentage of polymerization linear shrinkage was the lowerest in Clearfil CR inlay, followed by, in ascending order, Clearfil photo posterior, Lite-fil CR inlay, Progress, Pekafil, P-50, and Z-100. In the case of post- cure heat treated composite resins, percentage of linear shrinkage was the lowest in Clearfil photo posterior, followed by, in ascending order, Lite-til CR inlay, Clearfil CR inlay, Progress, P-50, Pekafil and Z-100. 5. Percentage of polymerization linear shrinkage was greater in the post-cure heat treated composite resins than in the visible light cured composite resins and linear shrinkage increased significantly in Pekafil, Clearfil CR inlay, and Clearfil photo posterior between at the visible light cured and at the post-cure heat treated condition. The above results is saying that additional post-cure heat treatment on the composite resins for posterior restoration is able to affect on improvement of strength and fatigue toughness and lead to increase polymerization of composite resins.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.479-485
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• 1999

Materials for posterior teeth includes amalgam, gold inlay and composite resin inlay. Amalgam and gold inlay have unsatisfyine esthetics. And because they simply obturate the cavity preparation, they do not strengthen the remaining tooth structure. Posterior composite resin has become established in recent years. However, its polymerization shrinkage and insufficient wear resistance were the most undesirable characteristic. The physical and mechanical properties of the composite resin inlay are further improved through heat treatment in an oven. The major part of polymerization contraction of the resin inlay takes place be fore cementation, and possible gap formation is only due to shrinkage of the thin layer of resin cement. With the semidirect technique, the inlay material is placed directly in the prepared tooth, and the primary polymerization is made by light activation with a handhold curing unit. Additional curing may take place extraorally with use of different curing ovens. It provides the patient with the benefits of luted restorations without the procedure of indirect lab-made inlay. I report three successfully treated cases by semidirect resin inlay technique. Entire clinical steps are described in detail with some discussions on the outcome.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.307-315
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the characterization of composite resin inlay surface with silane and non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. Methods: Composite resin inlay was used as a specimen, which was treated by sandblasting + silane and sandblasting + plasma. The untreated specimens were assigned to the control group. Specimens were analyzed for surface roughness, color change, and chemical composition. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA test (p<0.05). Results: The present findings showed that the roughness and color changes of the plasma-treated surface were significantly lower than those of the silane-treated surface. In addition, a change in the chemical composition was observed on the plasma-treated surface. Conclusions: Based on the results, non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma could be a potential tool for the cementation of composite resin inlay.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.121-132
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• 1991

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the marginal sealing effect of composite resin inlays according to the luting techniques and compare them to the conventional direct resin filling technique. 90 cavities of class V were prepared on the buccal surface of 90 extracted molar teeth, which were divided into four groups. Cavities of control group were directly filled with Scotchbond 2 and P - 50, and those of composite resin inlay groups were luted with one of the followings: Adhesive bond followed by Adhesive cement, All bond followed by Adhesive cement, Fuji - ionomer type L All the specimens were immersed in India ink dye solution for 7 days at $37^{\circ}C$ incubator after thermocycling between $5^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ and longitudinally sectioned with diamond disk inot two parts All the specimens were observed at the occlusal and gingival margins and statistical analysis was performed. The results were as follows: 1. Groups filled with composite resin inlay showed less marginal leakage than the group directly filled(p<0.01). 2. There was no significant difference in marginal leakage between composite resin inlay groups luted with Adhesive bond followed by Adhesive cement and the group luted with All bond followed by Adhesive cement(p>0.05). 3. At occlusal margins, Composite resin inlay group luted with Adhesive bond followed by Adhesive cement showed less marginal leakage than the group luted with Fuii ionomer type I(p<0.01). At gingival margins, composite resin inlay group luted with All bond followed by Adhesive cement showed less marignal leakage than the group luted with Fuji ionomer type I(P<0.01).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.321-337
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• 2000

Dental caries, one of the most frequent dental disease, become larger because it can be thought as a simple disease. Further more, it can progress to unexpected root canal therapy with fabrication of crown that needs reduction of tooth structure. Base is required in a large caries and ZOE, ZPC, glass ionomer are used frequently as base material. They, with restorative material, can affect the longevity of the restoration. In this study, we assume that the mandibular 1st molar has deep class I cavity. So, installing the 3 base material, 3 kinds of fillings were restored over the base as follows; 1) amalgam only, 2) amalgam with ZPC, 3) amalgam with ZOE, 4) amalgam with GI cement, 5) gold inlay with ZPC, 6) gold inlay with GI cement, 7) composite resin only, 8) composite resin with GI cement. After develop the 3-dimensional model for finite element analysis, we observe the distribution of stress and temperature with force of 500N to apical direction at 3 point on occlusal surface and temperature of 55 degree, 15 degree on entire surface. The analyzed results were as follow : 1. Principal stress produced at the interface of base, dentin, cavity wall was smallest in case of using GI cement as base material under the amalgam. 2. Principal stress produced at the interface of base, dentin, cavity wall was smaller in case of using GI cement as a base material than ZPC under gold inlay. 3. Composite resin-filled tooth showed stress distributed over entire tooth structure. In other words, there was little concentration of stress. 4. ZOE was the most effective base material against hot stimuli under the amalgam and GI cement was the next. In case of gold inlay, GI cement was more effective than ZPC. 5. Composite resin has the small coefficient of thermal conductivity. So, composite resin filling is the most effective insulating material.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.191-205
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of class II composite resin inlays and compare them with the conventional light-cured resin filling restorations. Class II cavities were prepared in 60 extracted human molars with which cervical margins were located below 1.0mm at the cemento-enamel junction using No. 701 tapered fissure carbide bur. All of the prepared cavities were restored as follows and divided into 6 groups. Group I and 2 were restored using direct filling technique and group 3,4,5 and 6 were restored using direct inlay technique that was cemented with dual-cured resin cements. group I: Cavities were restored with light-curing composite resin, Brilliant Lux. group 2. Cavities were restored with light-curing composite resin, Clearfil PhotoPosterior. group 3: Cavities were restored with Clearfil CR Inlay and heat treated at $125^{\circ}C$ for 7 minutes. group 4: Cavities were restored with same material as group 3 and heat treated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes. group 5: Cavities were restored with Brilliant (Indirect esthetic system) and heat treated at $125^{\circ}C$ for 7 minutes. group 6: Cavities were restored with same material as group 5 and heat treated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes. All specimens were polished with same method and thermocycled between $6^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$, then immersed in a bath of 2.0% aqueous solution of basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours. Dyed specimens were sectioned longitudinally and dye penetration degree was read on a scale of 0 to 4 by Tani and Buonocore's method 45). The results were as follows: 1. Microleakage was observed rather at the cervical margins than at the occlusal margins in all groups. 2. Composite resin inlay groups showed significantly less leakage than direct filling groups at the cervical margins (p < 0.001). 3. In composite resin inlay groups, there was no significant difference in microleakage between specimens by heat treating temperature and time (p > 0.05). 4. There was no significant difference in leakage between each groups at the occlusal margins (p > 0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.231-254
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• 1994

Fracture of cusp, on posterior teeth, especially those carious or restored, is major cause of tooth loss. Inappropriate treatments, such as unnecessarily wide cavity preparations, increase the potential of further trauma and possible fracture of the remaining tooth structures. Fracture potential may be directly related to the stresses exerted upon the tooth during masticatory function. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the fracture resistance of tooth, restored with composite resin inlay. In this study, MOD inlay cavity prepared on maxillary first premolar and restored with composite resin inlay. Three dimensional finite element models with eight nodes isoparametric solid element, developed by serial grinding-photographing technique. These models have various occlusal isthmus and depth of cavity, 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4 of isthmus width and 0.7, 0.85 and 1.0 of depth of cavity. The magnitude of load was 474 N and 172 N as presented to maximal biting force and normal chewing force. These loads applied onto ridges of buccal and lingual cusp. These models analyzed with three dimensional finite element method. The results of this study were as follows : 1. There is no difference of displacement between width of occlusal isthmus and depth of cavity. 2. The stress concentrated at bucco-mesial comer, bucco-disal comer, pulpal line angle and the interface area between internal slopes of cusp and resin inlay. 3. The vector of stress direct to buccal and lingual side from center of cavity, to tooth surface going on to enamel. The magnitude of vector increase from occlusal surface to cervix. 4. The crack of tooth start interface area, between internal slop of buccal cusp and resin inlay. It progresses through buccopulpal line angle to cervix at buccomesial and buccodistal comer. 5. The influence with depth of cavity to fracture of tooth was more than width of isthmus. 6. It would be favorable to make the isthmus width narrower than a third of the intercuspal distance and depth of cavity is below 1 : 0.7.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tensile bond strength of composite resin inlays according to the their internal surface treatment and types of luting cement and compared them with the conventional direct resin filling thchnique. Class II cavities were prepared in 50 extracted human molar teeth, and then equally divided into five groups. Group 1 : Cavities of control group were directly filled with P-50. Group 2 : Cavities of resin inlay group were luted with resin cement. Group 3 : Cavities of resin inlay group were luted with luting G-I cement. Group 4 : Cavities of resin inlay group were luted with resin cement after sandblasting. Group 5 : Cavities of resin inlay group were luted with luting G-I cement after sandblasting. All specimens were polished with same method and stored in normal saline for 24 hours before testing. An Universal Testing machine(Model No. AGS-100A, Shimadzu, Japan) was used to apply tensile loads in the vertical direction, and the force required for separation was recorded with a cross-head speed of 5mm/min and 100kg in full scale. The results were as follows : 1. The mean tensile bond strength was lowest in group luted with luting G-I cement, with measurements of $14.45{\pm}0.78(kg/cm^2)$ and highest in group luted with resin cement after sandblasting, with measurements of $49.6{\pm}2.74(kg/cm^2)$. 2. The tensile bond strength was greater in resin inlay groups luted with resin cement than in control group and resin inlay groups luted with luting G-I cement(P<0.05). 3. The tensile bond strength was lower in resin inlay groups luted with luting G-I cement than in control group(P<0.05). 4. The tensile bond strength was greater in resin inlay groups luted with resin cement or luting G-I cement after sandblasting than without that(P<0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-72
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• 1993

The aim of this study was to compare the marginal leakage of class II light curing composite resin restoration according to filling methods. With using acid etching technique and dentin bonding agent, various methods were suggested to eliminate or reduce the marginal leakage. In this study, class II cavities were prepared in 100 extracted human premolars with cementum margin(1mm below the CEJ) and the teeth were randomly assigned to 5 groups of 20 teeth each. The teeth in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 were restored by direct filling methods using P-50 and Clearfil Photoposterior of 10 teeth each, but the method of insertion of the restorative materials varied with each group. And the teeth in group 5 were restored by inlay method using Kulzer Inlay and CR Inlay. Filling methods are as follows : Group 1 : The composite resin was inserted in one layer in the proximal box and one layer in the occlusal portion. Group 2 : Insertion was in two equally thick horizontal layers in the proximal box. Group 3 : Insertion was in two diagonally placed layers in the proximal box. Group 4 : The composite resin was inserted in the same way as in group 3 except that a glass ionomer liner was first placed on the axial wall and gingival floor. Group 5 : The teeth were restored by Inlay technique using dure cure resin cement. All the teeth were thermocycled, stained with 1 % methylene blue solution, sectioned mesiodistally, and scored for marginal leakage. To compare the marginal leakage, ANOVA and T-test were used in analysis. The following results were obtained : 1. In direct filling methods, there was no significant difference in marginal leakage at both occlusal and cervical margins. 2. In all groups, occlusal margin showed significantly less leakage than cervical margin. 3. In group using glass ionomer liner, there was no significant reduction of marginal leakage at the cervical margin. 4. The group restored by inlay method showed significantly less marginal leakage than groups restored by direct filling methods at both occlusal and gingival margins. 5. There was no significant difference in each group according to filling materials.