• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.239-250
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• 2017

In the concept of two-parameter fatigue failure criterion, the material fatigue failure is determined by the damage degree and the current stress level. Based on this viewpoint, a residual strength degradation model for stud shear connectors under fatigue loads is proposed in this study. First, existing residual strength degradation models and test data are summarized. Next, three series of 11 push-out specimen tests according to the standard push-out test method in Eurocode-4 are performed: the static strength test, the fatigue endurance test and the residual strength test. By introducing the "two-parameter fatigue failure criterion," a residual strength calculation model after cyclic loading is derived, considering the nonlinear fatigue damage and the current stress condition. The parameters are achieved by fitting the data from this study and some literature data. Finally, through verification using several literature reports, the results show that the model can better describe the strength degradation law of stud connectors.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.301-317
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• 2008

The energy release rate associated with crack growth in adhesive double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens, including the effect of residual stresses, was formulated using beam theory. Because of the rotation of the asymmetric arms in the adhesive DCB specimens due to temperature change, it is necessary to correct the evaluated fracture toughness of the DCB specimens, specifically in the case of a large temperature change. This study shows that the difference between the true toughness and an apparent toughness due to the consequence of ignoring residual stresses can be calculated for a given specimen geometry and thermo-mechanical properties (e.g. coefficient of thermal expansion). The calculated difference in the energy release rates based on the present correction method is compared with that from FEM in order to verify the present correction method. The residual stress effects on the evaluation of the adhesive fracture toughness are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.261-264
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• 2002

Interfacial evaluation, damage sensing and cure monitoring of single carbon fiber/thermosetting composite with different curing processes was investigated using electro-micromechanical test. After curing, residual stress was monitored by measurement of electrical resistance (ER) and then it was compared to correlate with various curing processes. In thermal curing, curing shrinkage appeared significantly by matrix shrinkage and residual stress due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient (TEC). The change in electrical resistance (ΔR) on thermal curing was higher than that on ultraviolet (UV) curing. For thermal curing, apparent modulus was the highest and reaching time until same strain was faster. So far thermal curing shows strong durability on the IFSS after boiling test.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 1997

Although discontinuously reinforced metal matrix composite(MMC) is one of the most promising materials for applications of aerospace, automotive industries, the thermal residual stresses developed in the MMC due to the mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion between the matrix and the fiber under a temperature change has been pointed out as one of the serious problem in practical applications. There are very limited nondestructive techniques to measure the residual stress of composite materials. However, many difficulties have been reported in their applications. Therefore it is important to establish analytical model to evaluate the thermal residual stress of MMC for practical engineering application. In this study, an elastic model is developed to predict the average thermal residual stresses in the matrix and fiber of a misoriented short fiber composite. The thermal residual stresses are induced by the mismatch in the coefficient of the thermal expansion of the matrix and fiber when the composite is subjected to a uniform temperature change. The model considers two-dimensional in-plane fiber misorientation. The analytical formulation of the model is based on Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method and is unique in that it is able to account for interactions among fibers. This model is more general than past models to investigate the effect of parameters which might influence thermal residual stress in composites. The present model is to investigate the effects of fiber volume fraction, distribution type, distribution cut-off angle, and aspect ratio on thermal residual stress for in-plane fiber misorientation. Fiber volume fraction, aspect ratio, and distribution cut-off angle are shown to have more significant effects on the magnitude of the thermal residual stresses than fiber distribution type for in-plane misorientation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.101-107
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• 2008

A composite mechanics for discontinuous fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites(PMC) is analysed in order to predict fiber axial stresses. In continuum approach. frictional slip which usually takes place between fibers and polymers is accounted to derive PMC equations. The interfacial friction stress is treated by the product of the coefficient of friction and the compressive stress norma1 to the fiber/matrix interface. The residual stress and the Poisson's contraction implemented by the rule of mixture(ROM) are considered for the compressive stress normal to the fiber/matrix interface. In addition. the effects of fiber aspect ratio and fiber volume fraction on fiber axial stresses are evaluated using the derived equations. Results are illustrated numerically using the present equations with reasonable materials data. It is found that the fiber axial stress in the center region shows no great discrepancy for different fiber aspect ratios and fiber volume fractions while some discrepancies are shown in the fiber end region.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.18-26
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• 1996

A two dimensional thermo elasto-plastic finite element stress analysis was performed to study residual stress distributions in AI composites reinforced by SiC whisker and $ZrO_2$ ceramic joints. The influences on the residual stress distributions due to the difference of the reinforcement volume fraction and interlayer material property were investigated. Specifically, stress distributions between AI interlayer material property were investigated. Specifically, stress distributions between AI interlayer and $ZrO_2$ ceramic and between the AI interlayer and AI composite were computationally analzed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.108-117
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• 1997

A continuum analysis has been performed for the application to the thermo-elasto-plastic behavior in a discontinuous metal matrix composite. an FEM (Finite Element Method) analysis was implemented to obtain the internal field quantities of composite as well as overall composite behavior and an experiment was demonstrated to compare with the numerical simulation . As the procedure, a reasonably optimized FE mesh generation, the appropriate imposition of boundary condition , and the relevant post processing such as elastoplastic thermomchanical analysis were taken into account. For the numerical illustration, an aligned axisymmetric single fiber model with temperature dependent material properties and precipitation hardening effect has been employed to assess field quantities. It was found that the residual stresses are induced substantially by the temperature drop during the thermal treatment and that the FEM results of the vertically and horizontally constrained model give a good agreement with experimental data.with non-woven carbon mat is about 24% higher than that of composite materials without non-woven carbon mat. Transverse tensile strength and torughness also increase by inserting non-woven carbon mat between layers.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.837-853
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• 2016

This paper presents the experimental and numerical study on the distribution of transverse and longitudinal residual stresses in cold-formed thick-walled structural steel rectangular hollow sections manufactured by indirect technique. Hole-drilling method is employed to measure the magnitude of the transverse and longitudinal surface residual stress distribution, and the effects of the residual stresses are evaluated qualitatively by sectioning method. It is shown that compared to normal cold-formed thin-walled structural hollow sections (SHS), the cold-formed thick-walled SHS has similar level of residual stress in the flat area but higher residual stresses in the corner and welding areas. Both the transverse and longitudinal residual stresses tend to open the section. In order to predict the surface residual stresses in the corners of the cold-formed thick-walled SHS, an analytical model is developed. 2D finite element simulation of the cold bending process is conducted to validate the analytical approach. It is shown that in analyzing bending for thick-walled sections, shifting of neutral axis must be considered, since it would lead to nonlinear and non-symmetrical distribution of stresses through the thickness. This phenomenon leads to the fact that cold-formed thick-walled SHSs has different distribution and magnitude of the residual stresses from the cold-formed thin-walled SHSs.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.33-38
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• 1996

High temperature wear behaviors of plasma-sprayed ZrO$_{2}$-$Y_{2}O_{3}$ composite coatings were investigated for high temperature wear resistance applications. The composite powders containing 20, 50, 80 vol% of alumina for plasma spray were made by spray drying method. Wear tests with composite coated specimens were performed at temperature ranges from room temperature to 800$^{\circ}$C. Wear tests were also carried out with heat treated specimens at room temperature. The microstructural change of coatings and the worn surface were examined by SEM and XRD. Sharp increase of wear loss at high temperature wear test was observed in specimens containing 50 and 80 vol% alumina. Similar trend was observed in the heat treated coatings. The measured residual stress was increased with increased alumina contents and heat treating temperatures. Residual stress induced during heat treatment appeared to be responsible to the observed harmful effect of alumina additions on the high temperature wear.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.353-368
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• 2016

This paper extends our recent work on the fatigue behavior of stud shear connectors in steel and recycled tyre rubber-filled concrete (RRFC) composite beams. A series of 16 fatigue push-out tests were conducted using a hydraulic servo testing machine. Three different recycled tyre rubber contents of concrete, 0%, 5% and 10%, were adopted as main variable parameters. Stress amplitudes and the diameters of studs were also taken into consideration in the tests. The results show that the fatigue lives of studs in 5% and 10% RRFC were 1.6 and 2.0 times greater of those in normal concrete, respectively. At the same time, the ultimate residual slips' values of stud increased in RRFC to highlight its better ductility. The average ultimate residual slip value of the studs was found to be equal to a quarter of studs' diameter. It had also been proved that stress amplitude was inversely proportional to the fatigue life of studs. Moreover, the fatigue lives of studs with large diameter were slightly shorter than those of smaller ones and using larger ones had the risk of tearing off the base metal. Finally, the comparison between test results and three national codes was discussed.