• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.416-422
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• 2016

Lots of plastics are widely used in a variety of industrial field. And the amount of plastic waste is massively produced. In the study of waste recycling, it is emerged as an important issue to prevent the waste of potentially useful resource materials as well as to reduce ecological damage. So, the recycling of plastic waste has been currently paid attention to from the view point of reuse. Existing automatic sorting system consist of near infrared ray (NIR) sensors to classify the types of plastics. But the classification of black plastics still remains a challenge. Black plastics which contains carbon black are not almost classified by NIR because of the characteristic of the light absorption of black plastics. This study is focused on handling how to identify black plastics instead of NIR. Raman spectroscopy is used to get qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of black plastics. In order to improve the performance of identification, Support Vector Machine(SVM) classifier and Principal Component Analysis(PCA) are exploited to more preferably classify some kinds of the black plastics, and to analyze the characteristic of each data.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1241-1248
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• 2010

In large-scale production of hydrogen, a PHE (Process Heat Exchanger) is a key component because the heat required to carry out the Sulfur-Iodine chemical reaction that yields hydrogen is transferred from a VHTR (Very High Temperature Reactor) by the PHE. Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute established a helium gas loop for conducting performance test of components that are used in the VHTR. In this study, as a part of high-temperature structural-integrity evaluation of a designed PHE prototype that is scheduled to be tested in the helium gas loop, we carried out high-temperature structural-analysis modeling, thermal analysis, and thermal-expansion analysis for the designed PHE prototype. An appropriate constraint condition is proposed at the end of the in-flow and out-flow pipelines of the primary and secondary coolants and the proposed constraint condition will be applied to the design of the performance-test loop setup for the designed PHE prototype.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.67-70
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• 2000

최근 네트워크 서비스 및 분산 컴퓨팅 환경의 급격한 발전과 더불어 인터넷 기반 지리정보 시스템과 이 기종 시스템간에 상호 운용성을 지원하는 분산 지리정보시스템의 기술이 혁신적으로 발전하게 되었다. 현재 이러한 상호 운용성과 더불어 기 구축된 시스템의 재 사용성을 극대화하기 위하여 개방형 컴포넌트 소프트웨어 기술이 발표[1]되었으며, 최근 발표되는 지리정보시스템들도 이러한 개방화와 컴포넌트화 기술을 채택하여 개발되고 있다. 이러한 개방형 컴포넌트 소프트웨어 기술은 컴퓨터 소프트웨어 산업 전반에 커다란 파급 효과를 끼치고 있다. 지리정보시스템 분야에서는 OpenGIS Consortium(OGC)을 주축으로 하여 개방형 컴포넌트 지리정보시스템을 위한 표준 구현 사양을 발표하고 있으며, 이러한 표준 사양을 수용한 제품들이 개발되고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 분산 환경에서 다양한 관계형 데이터베이스시스템을 이용하여 OGC가 제시한 OLE/COM 기반의 데이터 제공자 컴포넌트의 설계 및 구현에 중점을 두고 있다. 본 시스템의 데이터 제공자 컴포넌트는 순수한 관계형 데이터베이스시스템 기반 위에서 구성되므로, 우선 OGC에서 요구하는 GIS 관련 핵심 기능들을 제공하기 위해서 우선 관계형 데이터베이스와 ODBC를 이용하여 공간엔진을 구성하고 있다. 본 공간 엔진은 OGC 사양을 충족하기 위해서 이용되는 최소한의 기능-공간데이터 관리 기능, 공간 연산 처리, 공간 색인 기능 그리고 클라이언트와 통신하기 위한 기능-들을 포함하고 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 이러한 공간 엔진의 기반 위에서 OGC OLE DB 제공자 컴포넌트의 설계 및 구현 방법에 대해서 자세히 살펴보고 실제 SQL Server 7.0 환경에서 구축된 공간 엔진 및 OLE DB 제공자 컴포넌트의 구현 예에 대하여 살펴볼 것이다. 혈액내방사선 조사량이 안전용량 범위(200rad)에 속하며 48시간 후 체내잔류량은 서양인과 큰 차이가 없었다.비출현의 소견을 보이는 악성종양 환자의 골 신티그람 53개중 44개 (83.0%)에서 척추 및 늑골에 미만성, 또는 다발성 침습이 관찰되었다. 또 골전이 부위를 두개골, 척추, 견대부, 늑골, 골반, 사지의 근위부 장골의 6개 부위로 나누어 분석할 경우 49개(92.5%)에서 3부위 이상에 전이가 발견되었고, 35개(66.0%)에서 4부위 이상에 전이가 발견되었으며, 5부위 이상, 6개 부위에 모두 전이가 발견된 것은 각각 20개 (37 7%), 11개(20.8%)이었다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 악성종양 환자의 골 신피그라피에서 신장 영상의 비출현은 종양의 광범위한 골전이를 간접적으로 시사하는 소견으로 생각된다. 여러 악성종양중 전립선암에서 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 가장 높았으며, 특히 위암에서 골전이 및 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 높음은 주목할 만한 것이라 하겠다.출한 결과 인,규소 증가와 자가영양성 미소플랑크톤(ANP)증가에 미치는 요인이 해안과 외해에서 동일하게 가장 큰 설명력을 보였다. N:P 비도 해안에서 36.4, 외해에서 32.6을 보이고 있어 인이 상당히 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 조사해역은 인이 식물플랑크톤 성장에 중요한 제한요인으로 작용하고 있다고 판단된다.의 회전. 전위력의 강도, 적용시점, 그리고 키, 체중등의 신체적 요인 등이 있으나 능숙한 기계사용과 정확한 슬관절 위치에서 검사할 때 전방 십자 인대 파열에 대한 진단에 유용한 기구이다.태라고 하였다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 근거를 바탕으로 개방형 문제의 유형을 다양한 답이 존재하는 문제, 다양한 해결 전략이 가능한 문제, 답이 없는 문제, 문제 만들기, 일반화가 가능한 문제 등으로 보고, 수학적 창의성 중

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) has been generally accepted by civil engineers as an alternative for steel reinforcing bars (rebar) due to its advantageous specific tensile strength and non-corrosiveness. Even though some glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars are available on a market, GFRP is still somewhat uncompetitive over steel rebar due to their high cost and relatively low elastic modulus, and brittle failure characteristic. If the price of component materials of GFRP rebar is not reduced, it would be another solution to increase the performance of each material to the highest degree. The tensile strength generally decreases with increasing diameter of FRP rebar. One of the reasons is that only fibers except for fibers in center resist the external force due to the lack of force transfer and the deformation of only outer fibers by gripping system. Eliminating fibers in the center, which do not play an aimed role fully, are helpful to reduce the price and finally FRP rebar would be optimized over the price. In this study, the effect of the hollow section in a cross-section of a GFRP rebar was investigated. A GFRP rebar with 19 mm diameter was selected and an analysis was performed for the tensile test results. Parameter was the ratio of hollow section over solid cross-section. Four kinds of hollow sections were planned. A total of 27 specimens, six specimens for each hollow section and three specimens with a solid cross-section were manufactured and tested. The change by the ratio of hollow section over solid cross-section was analyzed and an optimized cross-section design was proposed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.3
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• pp.261-267
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• 2006

A nursery trial comprising 109 progenies of 5 populations of Cornus kousa was analysed using multivariate analysis of 12 quantitative traits (growth and leaf form). The aim of this study was to examine geographic variation of the species based on the single, existing nursery trial to support a genetic resource conservation plan of Cornus kousa in Korea. Nested Anova showed that there were statistically significant differences among populations as well as among families within populations in all 12 quantitative traits. In 10 of 12 traits, variance components among families within populations were higher than those among populations. Cluster analysis using complete linkage method showed three groups to Euclidean distance 0.8. Among principal components, primary 2 principal components appeared to be major variables because of the loading contribution of 91.9%. The first contribution component was maximum width, vein number, blade length/petiole length and upper 1/3 width lower 1/3 width; the second one was height, diameter at root collar, blade length, upper 1/3 width, petiole length and petiole length/vein number, respectively. But all characters showed no significant difference with the pattern of geographic distribution.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

Purpose - Augmented reality (AR) content used in mobile media today can accommodate a wide variety of contextual information. This indicates that making people experience a sense of presence and flow is a very significant factor in augmented reality content. Flow represents a rich immersion potential as representing the progress of emotion and the means to facilitate the operation of the smart phone. Therefore, users will have friendly relational continuance behavior with products and brands that supply this experience. Based on that, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among smart phone AR application traits, presence, flow experience, and relational continuance behavior. First, AR application traits are defined as three categories sensory immersion, navigation, and manipulation, based on preceding studies. This study then examines the influence of AR application traits on the presence and flow experience and looks into the relation among presence, flow experience, and relational continuance behavior. This analysis suggests more detailed and concentrated strategic implications. Research design, data, and methodology - A research model is designed to examine the relation among AR application traits, presence, flow experience, and relational continued behavior. For data collection, questionnaire surveys were composed of multi-items for each component and the direct interview method was used for the interviews. To collect the data, after running the smart phone AR applications, the consumer behaviors of the respondents were generally determined. The questionnaire surveys were conducted for one month, October 2014. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed with 278 questionnaires used for analysis, excluding the unanswered and insincere questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 20.0 and LISREL ver. 8.51. Results - The following results are found: First, AR application traits have a significantly positive effect on presence with sensory immersion, navigation, and manipulation all having a significantly positive effect. Second, sensory immersion and manipulation among the AR application traits have a significantly positive effect on flow. However, navigation did not have a significantly positive effect on flow. Third, presence has a significantly positive effect on flow and has a significantly positive effect on relational continuance behavior. Moreover, flow also has a significantly positive effect on relational continuance behavior. This behavior tends to be formed since brands want to encourage relational continuance behavior and positive emotions with the brands being used. Relational continuance behavior accompanies repeat purchasing, positive word-of-mouth and recommendation activities, and forms of trust with the brand. Conclusions - The research results showed that smart phone AR traits had significantly positive effect on presence, flow, and relational continuance behavior. Based on this, smart phone AR application providers should establish an aggressive marketing strategy to accommodate more realistic problems in order to positively influence user behavior. Additionally, the marketers should make efforts to provide fun or convenience in the AR application operation process of the user.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.81-92
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• 2013

Purpose - This study empirically analyzes the effect of improvements in the quality of service management performance of college education on traders' conscious change of business management innovation and diverse sales expertise for a year. The use of traders' conscious changes and sales expertise as variables for the verification of the effects of parameters related to the active trader's traditional education market is a desirable direction. The method of research reflects the quality of education service, management result, traders' conscious changes, and sales expertise to understand the precise essence and definition of teaching quality at merchant colleges through theoretical consideration. Moreover, its impact on traders' conscious changes and sales expertise in empirical analysis acts as an intermediary. Research design, data, methodology - The hypothesis of this study leverages the SPSS statistical program. To gather actual proof, sample survey for theoretical research examined 262 valid papers of the 300 papers written by 10 merchants who graduated from merchant's university. First, using the SERVQUAL model, Parasuraman et al. (1996) indicated that for quality of education service, the configuration of factors is the same as the sympathetic performance, that is, responsiveness and empathy, and traders are aware of these elements. However, our preliminary investigation revealed that traders' university education has been excluded as a component of quality of service in the earlier studies. Moreover, we found that certainty of knowledge, reliability, and sympathy are influenced by challenges and by the changing intentions of merchant consciousness. In addition, our study confirms that improvements in convincing abilities and sales technique have a positive impact. Second, merchants' and traders' expertise are proven to affect business performance. In other words, university education of traders and merchants affects the consciousness of consumers, and changes patterns of sales. Third, the quality of service management education and change in the consciousness has a considerable impact on the trader, thereby maximizing business performance and acting as an intermediary for verification. Fourth, the quality of service management education affects the trader's sales expertise to maximize business performance. Results - To summarize, the quality of college educational services relates to the improvement of business performance and the role of the resulting virtuous cycle. Consequently, we can look for suggestions in the traditional markets, where the Government pays attention to the exterior environmental factors as well as to the changing business environment. However, the most important aspect is the merchant awareness. That is, a merchant should understand the distribution environment. Several competitor and trend analyses should be conducted to meet customers' expectations positively and proactively cope with any challenges related to changes. Further, expertise in sales and marketing skills need to be acquired to improve customer convincing abilities and develop a customer-oriented mindset. Conclusions - According to the changes in consumption trends of business enterprises, new management techniques are required to survive competition by improving traditional markets, which will necessitate more competitive education programs in merchant universities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.394-399
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• 2013

The recalcitrant hairs which are accumulated in the U-trap equipped to prevent the stench from the drainage produce the phenomenon of blocking the flow of water through the home drainage pathway. The chemical dissolution solutions commercially manufactured are excessively poured into U-trap to solve this blocking problem. In this study, the specially designed instrument was developed for the experiments to cut and crush the hairs of which main component are the recalcitrant keratin proteins. The performance of the instrument for cutting and crushing hairs was investigated using experimental methods. The cutting and weighing method was used in order to obtain the average length of a large amount of hairs cut by instrument. This method is relatively simple to measure the weight of cutting hairs to obtain the average length of the fibers, the values of average length showed not greater tolerances. Also the average cutting number was defined to evaluate the performance of the cutting and crushing instruments designed for this study. We were able to apply these evaluation methods to provide the criteria to obtain the optimal structure of instrument and proper operation time in the given experimental conditions. These experimental methods and results will provide the good example to design and to analyze the various device that can be used for cutting the fibers. The cutting and crushing instrument developed in this study showed the effective abilities to cutting the hairs. The general using the cuttting and crushing instrument at every home would be helpful to prevent water environmental pollution.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1499-1506
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• 2011

The IHX (intermediate heat exchanger) is a key component of nuclear hydrogen systems for the production of massive amounts hydrogen. The IHX transfers the $950^{\circ}C$ heat generated by the VHTR (very high temperature reactor) to a hydrogen production plant. The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute established a small-scale gas loop to test the performance of key VHTR components and manufactured a small-scale PCHE (printed circuit heat exchanger) prototype, which is being considered as a candidate for the IHX, for testing in the small-scale gas loop. In this study, as a part of the high-temperature structural integrity evaluation of the small-scale PCHE prototype, we carried out high-temperature structural analysis modeling and macroscopic thermal and structural analysis for the small-scale PCHE prototype under the small-scale gas loop test conditions. This analysis serves as a precedent study to scheduled PCHE performance test in the small-scale gas loop. The results obtained in this study will be compared with the test results for the small-scale PCHE and then used to design the medium-scale PCHE prototype.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.119-132
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• 2006

The dimensions of affection structure from hand movements was developed for the purpose of understanding relationship between affective words and physical factors to apply it to computing environment. To analyze hand movements, three dimensions -direction, time, weight- were found through reconstructing sub-properties of Laban Movement Analysis. The direction dimension has five freedoms of movement (horizontal, vertical, sagittal, circular, shaking) while the time and weight dimensions both have two sub categories each, (sudden, sustained), (light, strong) respectively. By factorial design using the three dimensions, twenty movement were videotaped. Participants rated a list of fifty korean affective words on each twenty movements. The results were studied by nonlinear principal component analysis. The results suggested that time and weight dimensions are closely related with arousal level dimension of affection. Strong and sudden movements associated with highly aroused affection, while light and sustained movements associated with the opposite affection. The direction sub-dimensions were found to be associated with the kinds of affection. Linear movements like horizontal, vortical and sagittal direction were correlated to highly aroused negative affection. Circular movements were found to correlate closely by fun and delight on the graph, while shaking movements were correlated to anxiety and impatience. These results imply that the dimensions of affection structure and sub-properties of hand movements are closely connected with each other.