• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.323-325
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• 2002

Bacillus Anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax. The major virulence factors are a poly-D glutamic acid capsule and three-protein component exotoxin, which is collectively known as anthrax toxin, protective antigen (PA, 83 kDa), lethal factor (LF, 90 kDa), and edema factor (EF, 89 kDa). These three proteins individually have no known toxic activities, but in combination with PA form two toxins (lethal toxin and edema toxin), causing different pathogenic responses in animals and cultured cells. However, it remains to be elucidated for pathogenic mechanism of anthrax toxin. In this study, we constructed toxin component in bacterial overexpression system and purified the native toxin from Bacillus anthracis delta sterne F32 using FPLC system. Recombinant toxin showed high homogeneity and rapid purification processes. Also, this recombinant toxin was comparable to B. anthracis native toxin in terms of cytotoxic effects on cultured cell lines.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.583-592
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• 2000

This paper proposes feature parameter transformation method using independent component analysis (ICA) for speaker identification. The proposed method assumes that the cepstral vectors from various channel-conditioned speech are constructed by a linear combination of some characteristic functions with random channel noise added, and transforms them into new vectors using ICA. The resultant vector space can give emphasis to the repetitive speaker information and suppress the random channel distortions. Experimental results show that the transformation method is effective for the improvement of speaker identification system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1691-1698
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• 2003

In this paper, the combination effects of oxygen component in fuel and exhaust gas recirculation on the exhaust emissions have been investigated for a direct injection diesel engine. It is a kind of effective oxygenated fuel of diether group that the smoke emission of DGM(diethylene glycol dimethyl ether) blended fuel is reduced remarkably compared with commercial diesel fuel, that is, it can supply oxygen component sufficiently at higher loads and speeds in diesel engine. But, NOx emission of oxygenated fuel was increased compared with commercial diesel fuel. Also, the effects of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) on the characteristics of NOx emission has been investigated. It was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx was achieved with oxygenated fuel(DGM 5vol-%) and cooled EGR method(10∼15%).

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.1 s.17
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• pp.53-61
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• 2004

As remodeling project is progressed in the constraint which is utilization of existing resource, the subject of remodeling and extend of construction are affected by the correlation between building element. Therefore, this research analyze the correlation between component of building element in the design phase and proposed the diagram model for correlation between building element and proposed selection method of alternative plan for optimized combination of building element in remodeling project.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.903-908
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• 2007

A retractor is the major component of a seatbelt system that restraints passengers by locking the movement of webbing. Recently, in order to increase the effectiveness of seatbelt systems, motorized retractors that remove slack and correct passenger posture just before airbag expansion when collision is predicted are widely used. Key component of motorized retractors is the one-way clutch that engages and disengages the winding action of webbing according to the direction of motor revolution. Analytical investigation of action of the one-way clutch mechanism has been carried out to figure out conditions for one-way locking, and to study the effect of various kinematic and dynamic design variables of one-way clutch. Using combination of ADAMS and LifeMOD soft-wares, dynamic simulation of operation of motorized retractors including Hybrid-III dummy model has been carried out to evaluate the performance of the motorized retractors in various crash scenarios.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2008

In order to reduce energy consumption, secondary controlled system has been applied to many types of equipments. In lifting equipments or press machines using hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic transformer is used as a control component instead of a valve for motion control and a component for recovering potential energy of load. The transformer is a combination of a variable displacement pump/motor as a secondary controlled element and a fixed displacement pump/motor. In this paper the effect of transformer is studied. Multiple closed loop controllers with displacement feedback of variable pump/motor, speed feedback and position feedback of cylinder are used. The efficiency and energy consumption when cylinder is driven up and down is calculated by simulation. Simulation results show that considerable energy saving is achieved by choosing load ratio, circuit type and supply pressure.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.485-503
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• 2016

To investigate the nonlinear aerostatic stability of the Hutong cable-stayed rail-cum-road bridge with ultra-kilometer main span, a FEM bridge model is established. The tri-component wind loads and geometric nonlinearity are taken into consideration and discussed for the influence of nonlinear parameters and factors on bridge resistant capacity of aerostatic instability. The results show that the effect of initial wind attack-angle is significant for the aerostatic stability analysis of the bridge. The geometric nonlinearities of the bridge are of considerable importance in the analysis, especially the effect of cable sag. The instable mechanism of the Hutong Bridge with a steel truss girder is the spatial combination of vertical bending and torsion with large lateral bending displacement. The design wind velocity is much lower than the static instability wind velocity, and the structural aerostatic resistance capacity can meet the requirement.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.37-54
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• 2004

IPNs have interpenetrating motion and phase separation behavior of independent polymers, respectively, and also these are affected by the physical interaction of polymer components. First of all, 2- and 3-component IPNs based on PU are prepared by combination with two or three components of PU, PMMA, PS and epoxy resin. And then the entire physical properties concerning morphological and mechanical behaviors of these IPNs are measured by employing FT-IR, SEM, Rheovibron, and DSC, etc. Compared with pure component, Tg's of IPN are shifted to higher temperature in all IPN kinds, and these are considered in attribution to internal movement of glass transition temperature or partial phenomenon of interpenetration. Rheovibron measurement results in a broader distribution with peaks of tan${\delta}$ or E", and this morphologically represents a medium degree of partially mixed IPNs in confirmation of SEM photographs.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.347-362
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• 2005

The input energy to a base-isolated (BI) building during an earthquake is considered and formulated in the frequency domain. The frequency-domain approach for input energy computation has some notable advantages over the conventional time-domain approach. Sensitivities of the input energy to the BI building are derived with respect to uncertain parameters in the base-isolation system. It is demonstrated that the input energy can be of a compact form via the frequency integration of the product between the input component (Fourier amplitude spectrum of acceleration) and the structural model component (so-called energy transfer function). With the help of this compact form, it is shown that the formulation of earthquake input energy in the frequency domain is essential for deriving the sensitivities of the input energy to the BI building with respect to uncertain parameters. The sensitivity expressions provide us with information on the most unfavorable combination of the uncertain parameters which leads to the maximum energy input.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.195-206
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• 2017

Joint time-frequency images of the broadband echo signals of six fish species were obtained using the smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution in controlled environments. Affine transformation and principal component analysis were used to obtain eigenimages that provided species-specific acoustic features for each of the six fish species. The echo images of an unknown fish species, acquired in real time and in a fully automated fashion, were identified by finding the smallest Euclidean or Mahalanobis distance between each combination of weight matrices of the test image of the fish species to be identified and of the eigenimage classes of each of six fish species in the training set. The experimental results showed that the Mahalanobis classifier performed better than the Euclidean classifier in identifying both single- and mixed-species groups of all species assessed.