• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.235-244
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• 2006

There is much confusion in the field of Rhinitis regarding how to best measure disease severity objectively, Therefore, we aimed to establish a new adequate scoring system for Rhinitis, that should be based on comparison analysis of various scoring systems. We report as follows. We researched for data relating to severity scoring systems for rhinitis in Entrez PubMed from 1995 to 2005 and in Kiss Kstudy. Results and Conclusions: Properties of severity scoring systems were validity, sensitivity of change and ease of use. The essential items of severity scoring systems were subjective symptoms. The criterion of severity were divided into subjective symptoms and complication and Quality of Life. Intensity items are nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, itching, Postnasal drip, nasal mucosa swelling, nasal mucosa color, complication. Subjective symptoms is difficulty of Life. The significant items of severity scoring system are nasal symptoms. The whole score does with the maximum 30 scores. As it were, we assumed nasal symptoms accounted for around 80% of each total score, with complication and difficulty of Life representing 20%.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.sup2
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• pp.247-253
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• 2001

Objective : In general, to perform posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF), it has been used more invasive procedure than simple discectomy. However we try to perform PLIF with TFC with smaller invasion almost same as in simple discectomy. This study is about its procedure and clinical results. Materials and Methods : The authors retrospectively analyzed 43 cases of minimally invasive PLIF with TFC from July 1998 to May 2000. Operative procedure, operative complication, change of disc height, blood loss, ambulation time, hospitalization period, clinical success rate, and bony fusion rate were analyzed. Results : 40 patients were capable to walk on the 2nd day of the post-operation. The average hospitalization period is 5.6 days. The average blood loss was 0.19L/level with no transfusion or wound drainage. The height of disc changed from 8.84mm to 13.54mm. Clinical success rate is 95% when evaluated by the Prolo's scale. The complication was delayed wound infection(2) and transient paresthesis(1). The bony fusion was shown in 17 patients (94.4%) out of 18 patients who passed one year. Conclusion : As a result of minimally invasive PLIF, pain was decreased and early ambulation and short hospitalization was possible. Complication was similar or lower than other studies, and the bony fusion rate and clinical success rate were also similar during follow-up.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.737-746
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare the cosmetic outcome and complications after cranioplasty (CP) due to three different implant materials, and analyze the mean implant survival and cumulative survival rate based on these results. Methods : We reviewed 108 patients retrospectively who underwent CP between January 2014 and November 2016. Autologous bone (AB; 45 patients) and synthetic materials with porous polyethylene (PP; 32 patients) and custom-made 3-dimensional printed titanium mesh (CT; 31 patients) were used as implants. Results : Regardless of implanted materials, more than 89.8% of the CP patients were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome. No statistically significant difference was observed among the three groups. The overall postoperative complication rates of each group were 31.1% in the AB group, 15.6% in the PP group and 3.2% in the CT group. The CT group showed lower complication rates compared with AB and PP groups (${\chi}^2$-test : AB vs. PP, p=0.34; AB vs. CT, p=0.00; PP vs. CT, p=0.03). The AB and PP groups demonstrated a higher post-CP infection rate (11.1% and 6.3%) than the CT group (3.2%). However, no significant difference in the incidence of post-CP infection was observed among the three groups. The PP and CT groups demonstrated a higher mean implant survival time and cumulative survival rate than the AB group at the last follow-up (p<0.05). Conclusion : In comparison with AB and PP, cranioplasty with CT shows benefits in terms of lower post-CP complication, less intraoperative bleeding loss, shorter operation time and in-hospital stay. The PP and CT groups showed higher implant survival time and cumulative survival rate compared with the AB group.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 2015

Alloplastic implants have been used to repair orbital wall fractures in most cases. Orbital hemorrhage is a rare complication of these implants and has been reported rarely in Korea. The purpose of this article is to report a late complication case focusing on their etiology and management. A 20-year-old male patient underwent open reduction with Medpor (porous polyethylene) insertion for bilateral orbital floor fractures. The initial symptom occurred with proptosis in the right side as well as vertical dystopia, which had started 4 days earlier, 8 months after surgery. Any trauma history after the surgery was not present. We performed an exploration and removal of hematoma with Medpor titanium meshed alloplastic implant. A case of delayed orbital hematoma following alloplastic implant insertion was identified. It occurred within the pseudocapsule of the implant. One week after surgery, overall symptoms improved successfully, and no complications were reported during the 11-month follow-up period. Although rare, orbital hemorrhage is a potential complication of alloplastic orbital floor implants, which may present many years after surgery. As in the case presented, delayed hematoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of late proptosis or orbital dystopia.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2009

Background: Surgical treatment of corrosive esophageal stricture with colon interposition was very widely used. The colon interposition advantage is low reflux esophagitis risk and preservation of gastric capacity and peristalsis. This procedure was introduced by Orsoni and much improved. But, if stomach injury was minimal, gastric interposition is useful due to simple technique and low complication. Material and Method: Esophageal reconstruction by the transhiatal esophagectomy and intracervical esophagogastrostomy was done in 7 patients of corrosive esophageal stricture at Dong-San medical center from January 1998 to December 2007. Result: There were six female and one male patients raBackground Surgical treatment of corrosive esophageal stricture with colon interposition was very widely used. The colon interposition advantage is low reflux esophagitis risk and preservation of gastric capacity and peristalsis. This procedure was introduced by Orsoni and much improved. But, if stomach injury was minimal, gastric interposition is useful due to simple technique and low complication. Material and Method: Esophageal reconstruction by the transhiatal esophagectomy and intracervical esophagogastrostomy was done in 7 patients of corrosive esophageal stricture at Dong-San medical center from January 1998 to December 2007. Result: There were six female and one male patients ranging from 29 to 69 years of age. The complication was two anastomosis site leakage, one gastric necrosis and one mortality due to bowel strangulation and sepsis. Conclusion: Transhiatal esophagectomy and intracervical esophagogastrostomy is safety and useful method at selection case even though corrosive esophageal resection is debated.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.683-688
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• 2022

Background Reconstruction of large soft tissue defects of the lower extremity often requires the use of free flaps. The main limiting factor and potential for complications lie in the selection of proper donor and recipient vessels for microvascular anastomosis. While the superficial veins of the lower leg are easier to dissect, they are thought to be more vulnerable to trauma and lead to a higher complication rate when using them instead of the deep accompanying veins as recipient vessels. No clear evidence exists that proves this concept. Methods We retrospectively studied the outcomes of 97 patients who underwent free flap plasty to reconstruct predominantly traumatic defects of the lower extremity at our institute. The most used flap was the gracilis muscle flap. We divided the population into three groups based on the recipient veins that were used for microvascular anastomosis and compared their outcomes. The primary outcome was the major complication rate. Results Overall flap survivability was 93.81%. The complication rates were not higher when using the great saphenous vein as a recipient vessel when comparing to utilizing the deep concomitant veins alone or the great saphenous vein in combination to the concomitant veins. Conclusions In free flap surgery of the lower extremity, the selection of the recipient veins should not be restricted to the deep accompanying veins of the main vessels. The superficial veins, especially the great saphenous vein, offer an underrated option when performing free flap reconstruction.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.86.1-86.14
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• 2023

Background: Long-term comparisons of phacoemulsification with topical medication are limited in canine diabetic cataracts. Objectives: To compare outcomes of eyes submitted to phacoemulsification with those of topical medication for canine diabetic cataracts and identify risk factors for complications. Methods: Through medical records review, 150 eyes (76 dogs) with diabetic cataracts were included; 58 eyes (31 dogs) underwent phacoemulsification (phaco-group) and 92 eyes (48 dogs) received ophthalmic solution alone (medication-group). The medication-group was divided into owner-led and vet-led groups depending on who elected not to perform surgery. Comparisons involved time-to-complications, vision, and the number and type of ophthalmic solutions administered. The association between complications and pretreatment clinical findings was investigated. Results: No difference was found in complication risk between the phaco and owner-led medication groups. Conversely, the vet-led medication-group had a higher complication risk than the other groups. At the last follow-up, 94.8% of the phaco-group had vision, whereas 7.6% of the medication-group restored some visual axis. Poor glycemic control in the medication-group and younger age in the phaco-group increased complication risk. At 1-year post-treatment, the average number of ophthalmic solutions administered was 1.7 and 2.6 in the phaco and medication groups, respectively. The medication-group used anti-inflammatories the most throughout the follow-up, whereas the phaco-group used anti-inflammatories the most until 1-year post-treatment and lacrimostimulants at 1.5-year post-treatment. Conclusions: For canine diabetic cataracts, phacoemulsification is recommended because it is superior to topical management alone in terms of maintaining vision and reducing the number of ophthalmic solutions required in the long term.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1730-1741
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• 2021

Objective: Although thermal ablation is effective in treating low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs), comparison of treatment outcomes between thermal ablation and surgery has not yet been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of thermal ablation and surgery for the treatment of low-risk PTMCs. Materials and Methods: Ovid-MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies reporting comparisons of treatment results between thermal ablation and surgery for patients with low-risk PTMC published up to April 6, 2020. The analysis evaluated the efficacy (local tumor recurrence, occurrence of new tumor, metastasis, and rescue surgery) and safety (complication rate) of thermal ablation and surgery. Results: This systematic review included four studies with a total of 339 PTMCs in 339 patients who underwent thermal ablation and 320 PTMCs in 314 patients who underwent surgery. There was no local tumor recurrence or distant metastasis in either group. There was no significant difference in the pooled proportion of lymph node metastasis (2.6% with thermal ablation vs. 3.3% with surgery, p = 0.65), occurrence of new tumors (1.4% with thermal ablation vs. 1.3% with surgery, p = 0.85), or rescue surgery (2.6% with thermal ablation vs. 1.6% with surgery, p = 0.62). However, the pooled complication rate was significantly higher in the surgery group than in the ablation group (3.3% with thermal ablation vs. 7.8% with surgery, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Both thermal ablation and surgery are effective and safe options for the management of low-risk PTMCs, with thermal ablation achieving a lower complication rate. Therefore, thermal ablation may be considered as an alternative treatment option for low-risk PTMC in patients who refuse surgery and active surveillance or are ineligible for surgery.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.526-536
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical benefits and risks of CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle lung biopsies (PTNBs) in patients with a suspected pulmonary infection. Materials and Methods: This study included 351 CT-guided PTNBs performed in 342 patients (mean age, 58.9 years [range, 17-91 years]) with suspected pulmonary infection from January 2010 to December 2016. The proportion of biopsies that revealed the causative organism for pulmonary infection and that influenced patient's treatment were measured. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with PTNB that revealed the causative organism or affected the treatment. Finally, the complication rate was measured. Results: CT-guided PTNB revealed the causative organism in 32.5% of biopsies (114/351). The presence of necrotic components in the lesion (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-2.7; p = 0.028), suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.5; p = 0.010), and fine needle aspiration (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.8; p = 0.037) were factors associated with biopsies that revealed the causative organism. PTNB influenced patient's treatment in 40.7% (143/351) of biopsies. The absence of leukocytosis (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0-3.7; p = 0.049), presence of a necrotic component in the lesion (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.5-3.8; p < 0.001), and suspected tuberculosis (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.8; p = 0.040) were factors associated with biopsies that influenced the treatment. The overall complication rate of PTNB was 19% (65/351). Conclusion: In patients with suspected pulmonary infection, approximately 30-40% of CT-guided PTNBs revealed the causative organism or affected the treatment. The complication rate of PTNB for suspected pulmonary infection was relatively low.

• Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.160-174
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• 2023

Objective: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is currently widely used for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. The objective of this study was to analyze the outcomes of CAS performed in a single institution. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 313 CAS cases from January 2007 to December 2020, including 206 (66%) symptomatic and 107 (34%) asymptomatic cases. Procedure-related morbidity and mortality were assessed. Rates of periprocedural (≤30 days after CAS) and postprocedural ipsilateral strokes (>30 days after CAS) were also assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for the periprocedural complication, in-stent restenosis (ISR), and ipsilateral stroke. Results: The success rate of CAS was 98%. Among 313 cases, 1 patient died due to hyperperfusion-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The CAS-related mortality rate was 0.31%. The overall incidence of periprocedural complications is 5.1%. A risk factor for periprocedural complication was a symptomatic carotid artery stenosis (7.3% vs. 0.9%, p=0.016). Twenty cases of ISR occurred during 63.7±42.1 months of follow-up. The overall incidence of ISR was 10.2% (20/196). A risk factors for ISR were diabetes mellitus (17.6% vs. 5.7%, p=0.008) and patients who used Open-cell stents (19.6% vs. 6.9%, p=0.010). The overall incidence of ipsilateral stroke is 5.6%. A risk factors for ipsilateral stroke was ISR (95% CI, p=0.002). Conclusions: CAS is a safe and effective procedure for carotid artery stenosis. Although the incidence of complications is low, fatal complication such as hyperperfusion-related ICH can occur. To prevent hyperperfusion-related ICH, several methods such as strict blood pressure (BP) control, intentional less widening of stenotic segment should be used. To prevent ISR or stroke occurrence, special attention should be paid to patients who have ISR or ipsilateral stroke risk factors.