• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2016

최근 강풍으로 인한 옥외광고물의 파손 및 추락으로 인해 불특정 다수에게 인적 및 물적 피해를 야기하고 있다. 옥외광고물은 사유시설과 공공시설물의 성격을 모두 갖기 때문에 옥외광물로 인한 피해를 저감하는 것은 개인의 노력뿐 아니라 제도 및 규정을 통해서도 이루어져야한다. 이러한 피해는 강풍에 취약한 옥외광고물의 내풍설계 기준의 미비가 가장 큰 요인으로 인식되고 있어 본 연구에서는 옥외광고물의 내풍설계 표준을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 풍속에 영향을 주는 옥외광고물 설치위치의 주변 풍환경이나 높이, 설치위치 등 풍속과 관련한 요소를 반영하였으며, 건축구조기준 2015(안)의 기본풍속도와 풍속보정 절차에 의한 풍하중 산정 과정을 제시하였다. 이 과정에서 공학적 판단이 요구되는 옥외광고물 설치위치 주변의 지표 조도구분 및 지형계수 평가에 대해 정략적으로 적용할 수 있는 기준을 제시하였다. 또한 비전문가 관점에서 적용하기 용이하도록 가능한 단순화된 정량화 절차를 제시하였다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.311-321
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• 2009

Three categories (freshwater, amphidromous, and marine fishes) of Taiwanese fishes are analyzed on the basis of zoogeographic elements, viz. China element, Indo-China element, Indo-West Pacific element, Indo-Pacific element, North-Pacific element, Japan-Oregon element, and circumtropical element. Freshwater fishes, which include the China and Indo-China elements, are distributed on part of the boundary area between the Palaearctic and Oriental regions of Wallace (1876). Diadromous fishes include the North-Pacific, Indo-China and Indo-West Pacific elements. Taiwanese salmon, a landlocked (initially diadromous) species that became established in Taiwan between 0.5 my B.P. and the early Pleistocene, is recognized as a distinct taxon included within the Oncorhynchus masou complex, which comprises here three species and two subspecies, viz. Oncorhynchus masou masou (Sancheoneo, Songeo, Sakura-masu or Yamame), O. masou ishikawae (Satsuki-masu or Amago), O. sp. (Biwa-masu), and O. formosanus (Taiwanese salmon), based on molecular, morphological and biological studies. Marine fishes are discussed under the following headings, brackish-water fishes (fishes of brackish waters and seas adjacent to continental coastlines, North Pacific and Indo-West Pacific elements; fishes of brackish waters and seas primarily around islands, Indo-West Pacific element), reef fishes (fishes of inshore reefs along continental coastlines from 0 to ca.100 m depth, Indo-West Pacific element; fishes of inshore reefs primarily around islands from 0 to ca.100 m depth, Indo-West Pacific element; fishes of offshore reefs along continental shelf edges from ca.150 to 300 m depth, circumtropical and Indo-Pacific elements; fishes of offshore reefs primarily around islands from ca.150 to 300 m depth, Indo-Pacific element), demersal fishes (fishes on continental shelves shallower than ca.150 m depth, Indo-West Pacific and Japan-Oregon elements; fishes on edges and upper continental slopes from ca.150 m to 500 m depth, Indo-West Pacific, Indo-Pacific, and circumtropical elements; fishes on lower continental slopes to abyssal plains from ca.500 m to 6,000 m depth, circumtropical element and rarely Indo-Pacific element), pelagic fishes (epipelagic fishes from 0 to ca.150 m depth, Indo-West Pacific, Indo-Pacific or circumtropical elements; meso- and bathypelagic fishes from ca.150 to 3,000 m depth, circumtropical element). The distribution of Taiwanese marine fishes are influenced by the Kuroshio Current, low-salinity and low-temperature waters from mainland China, and sea-bottom topography.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.56-71
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• 2003

Waste landfills have been the center of environmental problems and they must be restored due to environmental pollution, disgusting landscape, and cost of management. It is suggested that they be recycled urban space as cities expand. Specially, nonsanitary waste landfills which have no pollution prevention facilities cause serious problems. Restoring the landfills as parks and golf courses, so on makes more benefits because of cheap use land, closeness to urban area, flat topography applicable to parks and golf courses, and high land values after restoration and the changes to local recreation sites. Restoration of waste landfills is a complex, costly, and interdisciplinary work. But, the waste landfill is a manmade ecosystem. Control, restoration and postmanagement of waste landfills are very important problems. The role of vegetation prevents soil erosion, reduces soil water storage, and obstructs leachate seepage. Early restoration makes derelict lands into man park artificially geared to soil, vegetation, landforms and hydrology. But, Ideal restoration is to make stable ecosystem nature-friendly and compatible with surrounding landscape without more management. Landscape is structured hierarchically with patches and stands as small components and forms forest as large components. Therefore, landscape formation of the waste landfills needs much restoration process. There are many ecological restoration techniques for the waste landfills. Those are divided into artificial and natural methods. The artificial method is anthropogenic plantings while the natural method is to trigger and use succession processes. The most important thing in the restoration of waste landfills is to consider the final restoration objectives of each waste landfill. According to these objectives, the depth of covering layer, planting degree, and structural design should be determined. The effective restoration methods should be selected of artificial and natural options.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 자연하천과 같은 복잡한 지형의 처리에 효율적인 삼각형 및 사각형 혼합격자의 적용이 가능한 2차원 유한체적모형을 개발하였다. 이를 위해 계산격자의 인접격자를 찾는 알고리즘을 제안하고, 제안 기법을 개발모형에 적용하여 계산격자 및 인접격자의 경계면에서의 흐름률을 HLLC 근사 Riemann 해법을 이용하여 계산하였다. 또한 흐름률과 생성항사이의 균형에 중요한 영향을 주는 혼합격자의 하상경사 처리를 위해 삼각형 및 사각형 격자에 대해 각각 다른 하상경사 계산식을 적용하였다. 개발모형을 혼합격자로 구성된 $90^{\circ}$ 만곡이 존재하는 실험하도에 대한 댐 붕괴 해석 및 자연하천인 Malpasset 댐 붕괴 해석에 적용하고, 계산결과를 실험자료 및 현장조사자료와 비교함으로써 본 연구에서 제안한 기법을 실험하도 및 자연하천에 대해 검증하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.717-720
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• 2005

Recently as large sized urban development and the city ward drifting of population are caused, the urban surface temperature is raised very seriously and rapidly. These artificial developments have destroyed the inner and outer landscapes such as topography and have changed complex local climate such as a sudden rise in temperature, the change of wind field and air pollution. In order to clarify this problem visually, the studies on extracting the thermal infrared and the characteristic analysis of local climate in urban area had been performed by using the sixth band of Landsat TM and ETM+. However, there is a need to alternate Landsat TM and ETM+ because these satellite images are not applied any more. Therefore, in this paper it is proposed to use 2 Aster image (2004.4.17 daily 2b03, 2004.10.10 night 2b03) of EOS AM and to extract the surface temperature. Also, the pattern of surface temperature in urban area and the application possibility in local climate study are proposed by verifying the correlation with A WS data. Also, IKONOS image was used to figure out the artificial development area in visual.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제43권12호
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• pp.1063-1074
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 전지구 수문해석도구인 지표수문해석모형과 전지구 자료의 적용성을 평가하는데 있다. 이에 적정 지표수문해석모형을 선정하고 관측 댐 상류 유역을 대상으로 모형의 모의 능력을 평가하였다. 전지구 자료는 전 세계를 대상으로 제공되는 기상 및 지형 자료를 이용하였으며, 전지구 자료의 불확실성을 평가하기 위해 자료별 생성되는 유출 결과의 정확도를 분석하였다. 또한 기간별 유출분석을 수행하여 전지구 자료의 활용방안을 마련하였다. 국내 자료를 기반으로 모형의 모의 능력을 분석한 결과 국내의 복잡한 기상 및 지형학적 특성에 대해서 신뢰성 높은 유출모의가 가능한 것으로 확인되었다. 전지구 자료에 대한 모의 결과는 기상정보의 불확실성으로 인해 일단위 유출해석은 다소 부정확한 것으로 나타났으나, 기간별 분석에서는 단위 기간이 증가함에 따라 유출 결과의 정확도가 향상되었으며, 10일 단위 이상의 유출분석이 적절한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1992

Cloud streets were successfully simulated by numerical model (RAMS) including an Isolated mountain near the coast, large sensible heat flux from the sea surface, uniform stratification and wind velocity with low Froude number (0.25) in the inflow boundary The well developed cloud streets between a pair of convective rolls are simulated at a level of 1 km over the sea. The following five results were obtained: 1) port the formation of the pair of convective rolls, both strong static instability and a topographically induced mechanical disturbance are strongly required at the same time. 2) Strong sensible heat flux from the sea surface is the main energy source of the pair of convective rolls, and the buoyancy caused by condensation in the cloud is negligibly small. 3) The pair o( convective rolls is a complex of two sub-rolls. One is the outer roll, which has a large radius, but weak circulation, and the other is the inner roll, which has a small radius, but strong circulation. The outer roll gathers a large amount of moisture by convergence in the lower marine boundary, and the inner roll transfers the convergent moisture to the upper boundary layer by strong upward motion between them. 4) The pair of inner rolls form the line-shaped cloud streets, and keep them narrow along the center-line of the domain. 5) Both by non-hydrostatic and by hydrostatic assumptions, cloud streets can be simulated. In our case, non-hydrostatic processes enhanced somewhat the formation of cloud streets. The horizontal size of the topography does not seem to be restricted to within the small scale where non-hydrostatic effects are important.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.425-436
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• 2018

To establish initial response scenarios for nuclear accidents around the Kori nuclear power plants, the potential for radionuclide diffusion was estimated using numerical experiments and statistical techniques. This study used the numerical model WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) and FLEXPART (Flexible Particle dispersion model) to calculate the three-dimensional wind field and radionuclide dispersion, respectively. The wind patterns observed at Gijang, near the plants, and at meteorological sites in Busan, were reproduced and applied to estimates of seasonally averaged wind fields. The distribution of emitted radionuclides are strongly associated with characteristics of topography and synoptic wind patterns over nuclear power plants. Since the terrain around the power plants is complex, estimates of radionuclide distribution often produce unexpected results when wind data from different sites are used in statistical calculations. It is highly probable that in the summer and autumn, radionuclides move south-west, towards the downtown metropolitan area. This study has clear limitations in that it uses the seasonal wind field rather than the daily wind field.

• 농촌계획
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to review foreign scenic inventory map for the systematic management of natural scenic resources. Several foreign cases were surveyed and analyzed to apply the scenery inventory map in domestic, such as Visual Resource Management(VRM) from United States Bureau of Land Management, Scenery Management System(SMS) from USDA Forest Service and Visual Landscape Inventory(VLI) from British Columbia Ministry of Forest's, that were already established scenery inventory maps. The results are as follows. First, the characteristic of Korean landscape is quite a different from those of north american's, which is much smaller and more complex in topography and land use. So, it would be difficult to apply foreign system directly and we need more researches to our own system. The multi-stepped landscape unit system is highly recommended. Second, scenic quality could be estimated by the pre-built database, such as land forms, vegetation, hydrology and land uses. Historical and cultural attributes should be complemented. Third, existing scenic integrity could be grasped by scenic damage, landscape alteration caused by human activities and land exfoliation. Also, subjective evaluation method should be supplemented by objective criteria through further detailed studies. Finally, about landscape view conditions, landscape control points should be surveyed and established in advance, and viewing distance, viewing frequency, amount of observers and public interests should be considered.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.72-95
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• 2004

The Yellow Sea is characterized by relatively shallow water depth, varying range of tidal action and very complex coastal geometry such as islands, bays, peninsulas, tidal flats, shoals etc. The dynamic system is controlled by tides, regional winds, river discharge, and interaction with the Kuroshio. The circulation, water mass properties and their variability in the Yellow Sea are very complicated and still far from clear understanding. In this study, an effort to improve our understanding the dynamic feature of the Yellow Sea system was conducted using numerical simulation with the ROMS model, applying climatologic forcing such as winds, heat flux and fresh water precipitation. The inter-annual variability of general circulation and thermohaline structure throughout the year has been obtained, which has been compared with observational data sets. The simulated horizontal distribution and vertical cross-sectional structures of temperature and salinity show a good agreement with the observational data indicating significantly the water masses such as Yellow Sea Warm Water, Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water, Changjiang River Diluted Water and other sporadically observed coastal waters around the Yellow Sea. The tidal effects on circulation and dynamic features such as coastal tidal fronts and coastal mixing are predominant in the Yellow Sea. Hence the tidal effects on those dynamic features are dealt in the accompanying paper (Kim et at., 2004). The ROMS model adopts curvilinear grid with horizontal resolution of 35 km and 20 vertical grid spacing confirming to relatively realistic bottom topography. The model was initialized with the LEVITUS climatologic data and forced by the monthly mean air-sea fluxes of momentum, heat and fresh water derived from COADS. On the open boundaries, climatological temperature and salinity are nudged every 20 days for data assimilation to stabilize the modeling implementation. This study demonstrates a Yellow Sea version of Atlantic Basin experiment conducted by Haidvogel et al. (2000) experiment that the ROMS simulates the dynamic variability of temperature, salinity, and velocity fields in the ocean. However the present study has been improved to deal with the large river system, open boundary nudging process and further with combination of the tidal forcing that is a significant feature in the Yellow Sea.