• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.283-304
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• 2019

This paper investigates what informal knowledge and strategies fifth-grade students brought to a classroom and how much they had potential to solve fraction division story problems. The findings show that most of the participants were engaged to understand the meaning of fraction division prior to their formal instruction at school. In order to solve the story problems, the informal knowledge related to fractions as well as division was actively utilized in student's strategies and justification. Students also used various informal strategies from mental calculation, direct modeling, to relational thinking. Formal instructions about fraction division at schools can be facilitated for sense-making of this complex fraction division conception by unpacking informal knowledge and thinking they might bring to the classrooms.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.579-591
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• 2004

학습자의 사고에 대한 최근의 인지심리학적인 연구들은 사고가 보다 영역 특수적임을 강조한다. 보다 영역 특수적인 지리적 사고는 교과 내용인 지식과 역동적으로 상호작용하는 총체적인 인지 과정이므로, 지리적 사고력 함양은 교수-학습의 직접적인 목표로 체계화되어야 한다. 본질적으로 지리적 사고력은 교수-학습의 내용은 물론 그것을 어떻게 전개할 것인가에 관련되는 것이므로, 목표의 체계화는 지리적 기능의 상세화와 그것을 바탕으로 한 구체화의 과정으로 이루어져야 한다. 지리적 지식도 분명히 중요하지만 지리적 사고력 교육의 목적 달성에는 기능이 결정적이기 때문에, 본 연구는 지리적 사고력을 교수-학습 목표로 구체화할 수 있는 지리적 기능의 상세화를 모색하였다. 먼저, 고차적인 지리적 사고력과 상대적으로 저차적인 지리적 기능을 중심으로 지리적 사고 과정에 관련되는 개념을 정의하였다. 그리고 목표 지향적 탐구과정에서 고려되는 문제 해결 능력, 의사 결정 능력, 비판적 사고, 창의적 사고 등이 상보적으로 기능하는 복합적 사고 전략의 관점에서 지리적 기능을 상세화하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2004

This Paper examines theoretical terrains and design strategies of landscape urbanism which is an emerging hybrid field at the intersection of architecture, landscape architecture, and urbanism. Landscape urbanism offers alternative approaches for theory, education, and practice in contemporary landscape architecture. It views the emergent urban complex sites-post-industrial sites, landfill, brownfield, urban void, etc., not as a weakness, but as a strength. Landscape urbanism poses an understanding of landscape as an element of urban infrastructure. In this sense, the landscape is seen in the context of contemporary urban development and public works. As a complex amalgam, landscape urbanism is more than a design style it is an ethos, an attitude, a way of thinking and acting. We can chart the main characteristics of landscape urbanism such as horizontality and surface, infrastructure, process, technique, and ecology. Multilayered examples of landscape urbanism can be seen in several experimental practices such as worts of Rem Koolhaas, MVRDV, Adriaan Geuze/West 8, James Comer, etc. It is possible to summarize the productive strategies for landscape urbanism as follows : thickening, folding, new materials, nonprogrammed use, impermanence, and movement.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.85-102
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• 2010

This paper explores the ways in which the functions of local educational authority in Korea can be analyzed by systems thinking, and puts forward some policy leverage strategies to enhance predictability of education policy effects and also to prevent unanticipated side effects arising from it. In dong so, we sketch causal diagrams to depict functional changes of local educational authority, based on before and after comparison, and attempt to derive policy intervention points to minimize unforseen reactions from the stake-holders concerned. These diagrams make it possible for educational policy-makers to capture the feedback, stocks and flows, time delays, and non-linearities they identify, although they have some limitations. This paper concludes that newly-designed functions and structures for local educational authority may be accepted by the stake-holders including teachers and unions, only if complex systems surrounding functional changes regarding local educational authority can be clearly understood and relevant policy measures can be effectively taken before the functional changes happen.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2010

Conventionally, ornament has developed around linear thinking based on Euclidean geometry, and been explained as simple and lucid natural Euclidean geometrical phenomena. The modular arrangement with vertical, horizontal and diagonal grids has been an organizing principle of classical ornament, but in digital era ornament is found not to be explained only with the principle of traditional arrangement due to the seemingly irregular complex forms. In that sense, this study presents the concept of digital ornament and examined the backgrounds of ornament in digital age, that are complex system and non-Euclidean geometry. Accordingly, the present study takes an approach by dividing new formal types of ornament into algorithmic form, hybrid form and dynamic form to find out a principle of pattern organization. Lately, architects who actively use computer for their architectural designs take the algorithmic strategies in nature and create various and complex patterns by simple rules. The patterns are not the repetition of the same, but the production of singularities. In addition, hybrid form by morphing shows a topologically flexible evolutionary transformation, and is used to create in-between transitional shapes from the source to target. Finally, the patterns by the interaction between the system components which are corresponded to the embedded forces emerge from dynamic simulation of the natural environment. Rather than objects itself, focus is given to the process of generating forms, and the ornamental patterns as the revelation of such implicit order provide not just the formal beauty but also spatial pathways for lights and air, maximizing the effects of lights.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.97-113
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to develop instructional methods for the formalized algorithm through informal knowledge in teaching division of fractions. The following results have been drawn from this study: First, before students learn formal knowledge about division of fractions, they knowledge or strategies to solve problems such as direct modeling strategies, languages to reason mathematically, and using operational expressions. Second, students could solve problems using informal knowledge which is based on partitioning. But they could not solve problems as the numbers involved in problems became complex. In the beginning, they could not reinvent invert-and-multiply rule only by concrete models. However, with the researcher's guidance, they can understand the meaning of a reciprocal number by using concrete models. Moreover, they had an ability to apply the pattern of solving problems when dividend is 1 into division problems of fractions when dividend is fraction. Third, instructional activities were developed by using the results of the teaching experiment performed in the second research step. They consist of student's worksheets and teachers' guides. In conclusion, formalizing students' informal knowledge can make students understand formal knowledge meaningfully and it has a potential that promote mathematical thinking. The teaching-learning activities developed in this study can be an example to help teachers formalize students' informal knowledge.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

Due to unique characteristics of small construction companies, safety management is comprised of complex problems. This paper aims to better understand the complexity and dynamics of safety management in small construction companies. A system dynamics (SD) model was built in order to capture the causal interdependencies between factors at different system levels (regulation, organization, technical and individual) and their effects on safety outcomes. Various tests were conducted to build confidence in the model's usefulness to understand safety problems facing small companies from a system dynamics view. A number of policies were analyzed by changing the value of parameters. The value of a system dynamics approach to safety management in small construction companies is its ability to address joint effects of multiple safety risk factors on safety performance with a systems thinking perspective. By taking into account feedback loops and non-linear relationships, such a system dynamics model provides insights into the complex causes of relatively poor safety performance of small construction companies and improvement strategies.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.92-96
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• 2015

Due to unique characteristics of small construction companies, safety management is comprised of complex problems (e.g., resources constraints, a lack of formalized management structures, low level of management safety commitment etc.). In order to understand causal interdependencies between safety factors at different system levels (regulation, organization, technical and individual), this paper aims to develop a system dynamics (SD) model of safety management in small construction companies. The purpose of the SD model is to better understand why small construction companies have low level of safety performance. A causal loop diagram (CLD) was developed based on literature, with an attempt to map causal relationships between variables. The CLD was then converted into stock and flow diagram for simulation. Various tests were conducted to build confidence in the model's ability to represent the reality. A number of policies were analyzed by changing the value of parameters. The value of a system dynamics approach to safety management in small construction companies is its ability to address joint effects of multiple safety risk factors on safety performance with a systems thinking perspective. By taking into account feedback loops and non-linear relationships, such a system dynamics model provides insights into the complex causes of relatively poor safety performance of small construction companies and improvement strategies.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.46-58
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• 2024

수분매개자란 식물의 수분 과정을 이뤄내는 생물체를 말하며 대표적으로 벌목, 나비목, 파리목, 딱정벌레목 등이 있다. 그중 꿀벌은 수분 과정뿐만 아니라 토지이용 변화에 의해 훼손된 도시 녹지를 개선하여 도시 내 존재하는 조류 및 곤충에게 서식처와 먹이를 제공한다. 하지만 오늘날 기후변화로 인한 조기 개화율 상승, 도시화로 인한 녹지 파편화, 농약사용과 같은 문제로 인해 수분 가능한 식물의 수가 감소하고 있으며, 이는 곧 꿀벌의 개체수가 감소하는 문제로까지 이어지고 있다. 꿀벌 개체수의 감소는 곧 도시 내 생물다양성 감소, 식량 생산량 감소 같은 문제들로 직결되며, 오늘날 꿀벌 개체수가 감소하는 문제를 해결하기 위한 전략으로 도시 양봉이 제시되고 있다. 하지만 꿀벌의 먹이 활동 및 수분활동, 도시 양봉으로 구성된 사회생태시스템의 구조를 복합적으로 고려하지 못한 상태로 도시 양봉 전략이 제시되어 지속 가능하게 이루어지지 못한다는 문제점이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수분 매개자인 꿀벌의 사회생태시스템을 시스템 사고를 활용하여 구조적으로 분석하고 도시 양봉의 활성화를 위한 녹지계획 전략을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과로 첫째, 인과순환지도 작성을 위해 도시 내 꿀벌의 사회 및 생태시스템을 중심으로 선행연구를 고찰 및 수집하여 시스템 영역을 설정하고 주요 변수를 도출했다. 둘째, 개별인과순환 지도를 작성하여 꿀벌의 먹이활동과 수분활동에 대한 생태적 구조, 꿀벌의 생태 시스템이 도시에 미치는 영향 구조, 도시 양봉의 사회생태시스템 구조를 분석했다. 마지막으로 통합인과순환지도 작성을 통해 꿀벌의 사회생태시스템 구조를 전체적인 관점에서 분석하고 도시 양봉의 활성화를 위해 도시 내 유휴공간을 활용할 수 있는 시민참여 프로그램 도입, 지자체 투자, 유휴공간의 도시공원 및 녹지조성 등을 녹지 계획 전략으로 제시하고자하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 시스템 사고를 활용한 꿀벌의 생태적 구조와 도시 양봉 도입에 대한 사회적 구조를 전체적인 관점으로 파악하여 전략을 제시했다는 점에서 선행연구와 차별점이 존재하며, 지속 가능한 도시 양봉을 도입하기 위한 정책적 제언 및 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2019

본 연구는 창의적인 광고스토리에 내재된 '사회문화적 가치'의 흐름을 바르트의 기호론과 창조적 기호계에 기대어 고찰한 후 수용자의 인지적 사고를 통해 재현화 작업의 가능성을 제안한 논의라 할 수 있다. 올바른 사회문화적 의사소통의 상호작용성은 단지 설득과 효과를 위한 전략으로만 이루어지지 않는다. 이러한 문제제기를 시작으로 가장 창조적이고 미적이며 함축적인 광고스토리의 '기호 생산'과 '인지 해석'의 장을 경험하는 것이 구체적인 문화적 가치 실현이라 생각했다. 필자가 본고의 대상도구로써 광고에 주목하는 이유는 누구나 짧은 시간 내에 가장 함축적인 기호에 주목함으로써 의미의 생산성, 의미의 공유성 그리고 사회적 소통화 작업이 바탕이 되는 사회문화적 가치에 접근할 수 있는 계기가 되기 때문이다. 또한 시대의 흐름과 함께 사회문화적인 구성원의 화합과 미래문제해결을 위한 긍정적인 소통의 도구로서 충분히 가치가 있다고 생각한다. 인지적 사고 단계의 의미 분석과 더불어 실시된 사회문화적인 광고스토리의 실제는 대학생을 위한 창의적 수업에서 적용하기에 매우 적절하다. 본고는 복잡한 다매체 시대에서 창조성을 기반으로 한 '기호 복합체'인 광고스토리의 인지적 의미 실현 작업이 대학생의 미래문제해결 전략에 동참할 수 있는 시대적인 소통도구가 될 것으로 제안한 논의이다