• 한국안전학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2009

The NIOSH lifting equation has been used as a dominant tool in evaluating the hazard levels of lifting tasks. Although it provides two different ways for each simple and complex lifting task, the NIOSH simple lifting equation is almost used for not only simple tasks but also complex tasks. However, most of lifting tasks in industries are in the form of complex lifting. Therefore some errors occur inevitably in the evaluation of complex lifting tasks. Among complex lifting tasks, a multi-stacking task is the most popular in lifting tasks. To compensate the error in the evaluation of multi-stacking tasks by using the NIOSH simple lifting equation, a set of calculations for finding LIs(Lifting Indices) was performed for the systematically varying multi-stacking tasks. Then a regression model which finds the equivalent height in simple lifting task for multi-stacking task was established. By using this model, multi-stacking tasks can be evaluated with less error. To validate this model, some real multi-stacking tasks were evaluated as examples.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.629-644
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• 2016

본 연구는 웹기반 복합적 과제에서 전체과제 계열화 방법이 전문성 향상에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 전체과제 계열화 방법을 단순 제시, 눈덩이 강조변화, 전체 강조변화로 구별하였으며, 93명의 대학생이 실험에 참가하였다. 연구결과에 따르면, 인지부하에서 전체과제 계열화 방법 간 유의한 차이가 나타났지만, 사후검정 결과 단순 제시 집단과 눈덩이 강조변화 집단 간에는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이에 따라 복합적 과제는 실제의 과제를 다루어 각 요소들의 높은 상호작용성을 가지고 있지만 부분을 강조하되 전체를 함께 조망할 수 있는 눈덩이 강조변화 방식의 제공은 학습자의 메타인지를 지원해줄 수 있어 인지과부하를 일으키지 않는다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 학습전이를 살펴본 결과 전체과제 계열화 방법에 따라 집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 이는 전체과제 계열화를 사용할지라도 그 안에서 전체과제 계열화의 단점인 연습부족을 보완하기 위해 눈덩이 강조변화 방식을 통해 계열화 하였을 때 복합적 과제에 대한 이해도를 높여 실제 문제해결 과제에서 질 높은 결과물을 구성하여 초보자의 전문성을 향상 시킬 수 있음을 시사했다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1998년도 제13차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.14-19
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• 1998

In this paper, a target approachable force-guided control with adaptive accommodation for the complex assembly is presented. The complex assembly (CA) is defined as a task which deals with complex shaped parts including concavity or whose environment is so complex that unexpected contacts occur frequently during insertion. CA tasks are encountered frequently in the field of the manufacturing automation and various robot applications. To make CA successful, both the bounded wrench condition and the target approachability condition should be satisfied simultaneously during insertion. By applying the convex optimization technique, an optimum target approaching twist can be determined at each instantaneous contact state as a global minimum solution. Incorporated with an admissible perturbation method, a new CA algorithm using only the sensed resultant wrench and the target twist is developed without motion planning nor contact analysis which requires the geometry of the part and the environment. Finally, a VME-bus based real-time control system is built to experiment various CA task. T-insertion task as a planar CA and double-peg assembly task as a spacial assembly were successfully executed by implementing the new force-guided control with adaptive accommodation.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -2
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• pp.965-968
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• 2000

We develop the Multi-Mobile-agents system for realizing effective cooperative task processing in the network environment. In this system, agents are separated / fused by the Place and migrated to another computer. A Place can assign agents to other places by agents migration to be flat the time to execute agents’ action. In this paper, the effectiveness of this system is shown by experimental results applying an agent given simple task.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to introduce a task complexity model combining task design aspects and complexity dimensions and to explain an approach to identifying and organizing task complexity factors based on the model. Background: Task complexity is a critical concept in describing and predicting human performance in complex systems such as nuclear power plants(NPPs). In order to understand the nature of task complexity, task complexity factors need to be identified and organized in a systematic manner. Although several methods have been suggested for identifying and organizing task complexity factors, it is rare to find an analytical approach based on a theoretically sound model. Method: This study regarded a task as a system to be designed. Three levels of design ion, which are functional, behavioral, and structural level of a task, characterize the design aspects of a task. The behavioral aspect is further classified into five cognitive processing activity types(information collection, information analysis, decision and action selection, action implementation, and action feedback). The complexity dimensions describe a task complexity from different perspectives that are size, variety, and order/organization. Combining the design aspects and complexity dimensions of a task, we developed a model from which meaningful task complexity factors can be identified and organized in an analytic way. Results: A model consisting of two facets, each of which is respectively concerned with design aspects and complexity dimensions, were proposed. Additionally, twenty-one task complexity factors were identified and organized based on the model. Conclusion: The model and approach introduced in this paper can be effectively used for examining human performance and human-system interface design issues in NPPs. Application: The model and approach introduced in this paper could be used for several human factors problems, including task allocation and design of information aiding, in NPPs and extended to other types of complex systems such as air traffic control systems as well.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1992년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국제학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 19-21 Oct. 1992
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• pp.497-502
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• 1992

In this paper, a new design technique called Task Based Design (TBD) is proposed to design an optimal robot manipulator for a given task. Optimal design of a manipulator is difficult because it involves implicit and highly nonlinear functions of many design variables for a complex task. TBD designs an optimal manipulator which performs a given task best, by using a framework called Progressive Design which decomposes the complexity of the task into three steps: kinematic design, planning and kinematic control. An example of TBD is presented to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our framework.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.601-614
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• 2006

In this paper, a study on task assignment strategies for a complex real-time network system is presented. Firstly, two task assignment strategies are proposed to improve previous strategies. The proposed strategies assign tasks with meeting end-to-end real-time constraints, and also with optimizing system utilization through period modulation of the tasks. Consequently, the strategies aim at the optimizationto optimize of system performance with while still meeting real-time constraints. The proposed task assignment strategies are devised using the genetic algorithmswith heuristic real-time constraints in the generation of new populations. The strategies are differentiated by the optimization method of the two objectives-meeting end-to-end real-time constraints and optimizing system utilization: the first one has sequential genetic algorithm routines for the objectives, and the second one has one multiple objective genetic algorithm routine to find a Pareto solution. Secondly, the performances of the proposed strategies and a well-known existing task assignment strategy using the BnB(Branch and Bound) optimization are compared with one other through some simulation tests. Through the comparison of the simulation results, the most adequate task assignment strategies are proposed for some as system requirements-: the optimization of system utilization, the maximization of running tasktasks, and the minimization of the number of network node nodesnumber for a network system.

• Architectural research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

Effects of physical attributes of workstation enclosures on the performance of office workers with different difficult levels of office tasks and moods are presented. Performance scores in complex tasks were expected to increase with greater workstation enclosures while those in simple tasks would be the same. Mood ratings were expected to be higher in lower workstation enclosures. Performance of 102 college students on ambient office sounds (45 dBA) with office tasks were measured for 100 minutes under three different workplace enclosures: (1) four foot partitions on two sides; (2) six foot partitions on three sides; and (3) a fully enclosed workstation with eight foot partitions. The tasks were to memorize a paragraph with 130 words (complex task) and to search phone numbers (simple task). The complex task performance in the fully enclosed workstation was increased compared to that in the workstation with four foot partitions (p < 0.001) and to that in the workstation with six foot partitions (p < 0.05). However, occupants in the fully enclosed workstation with office sounds without speech generally gave higher mood ratings. It indicates that closed individual offices may offer important contributions to collaborative work as well as individual productivity. These findings would help design community revise open plan design to increase collaboration among office workers.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2019

하나의 건설 프로젝트에는 다양한 작업들이 상호의존적으로 진행되어 복잡한 프로세스를 이룬다. 한 작업에서 공사변동이 발생하면 추가적으로 다른 작업들도 영향을 받게 되며 신속하게 진행되는 건설현장 특성상 매번 변동에 대한 합의를 도출하기는 매우 어렵다. 이에 본 연구에서는 시공 과정에 발생하는 공사변동에 대한 근본원인을 파악하고 주요 공사변동요인에 해당하는 작업들에 대하여 인접행렬을 구축하여 네트워크 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 통해 작업들 간 관계론적 특성과 구조적 위치를 파악하였다. 이러한 시공 프로세스에서의 작업 네트워크 분석을 통해 복잡한 시공 과정에서의 작업흐름을 안정화 시키고자 하며 공정 계획의 신뢰성과 프로젝트 성과를 향상시키고자 한다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.437-446
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to draw an efficient UI design by comparing the usability of App drawer and single-layered home screens, which are smartphone home screens. Background: Because smartphone home screen is frequently used including the installation, deletion, and editing of APPs, it should be designed with easily controllable information structure. There is a need to seek a user-friendly UI by comparing the usability of App drawer and single-layered home screens, of which methods to search Apps are different. There is also a need to examine an efficient UI and the factors to improve from the user perspective. Method: This study targeted 30 Android OS and iOS users to evaluate the App drawer and single-layered home screens, of which UI structures are different. Each participant was instructed to carry out an App searching task and App deleting task, and the execution time and the number of errors were measured. After the tasks were completed, they evaluated satisfaction through a questionnaire survey. Results: In the App searching task with low task level, there was no difference in execution level between the App drawer and single-layered home screens. However, the single-layered home screen showed higher efficiency and accuracy in the App deleting task with high task level. As for the group difference according to use experience, there was no difference in satisfaction among Android OS users, but iOS user satisfaction with single-layered home screen with which they were familiar was higher. Conclusion: As for home screen usability, the single-layered home screen UI structure can be advantageous, as task level is higher. Repulsion was higher, when users, who had used easier UI, used complex UI in comparison with user satisfaction, when users familiar with complex UI used easier UI. A UI indicating the current status with clear label marking through a task flow chart-based analysis, and a UI in which a user can immediately recognize by exposing hidden functions to the first depth were revealed as things to improve. Application: The results of this study are expected to be used as reference data in designing smartphone home screens. Especially, when iOS users use Android OS, the results are presumed to contribute to the reduction of predicted barriers.