• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.600-612
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• 2012

Nutritional researchers world-wide are using large-scale sample survey methods to study nutritional health epidemiology and services utilization in general, non-clinical populations. This article provides a review of important statistical methods and software that apply to descriptive and multivariate analysis of data collected in sample surveys, such as national health and nutrition examination survey. A comparative data analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was used to illustrate analytical procedures and design effects for survey estimates of population statistics, model parameters, and test statistics. This article focused on the following points, method of approach to analyze of the sample survey data, right software tools available to perform these analyses, and correct survey analysis methods important to interpretation of survey data. It addresses the question of approaches to analysis of complex sample survey data. The latest developments in software tools for analysis of complex sample survey data are covered, and empirical examples are presented that illustrate the impact of survey sample design effects on the parameter estimates, test statistics, and significance probabilities (p values) for univariate and multivariate analyses.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.12-25
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate influencing factors of using Korean medicine services (KMS) using the 2017 Korean Medicine Utilization Survey (KMUS). Methods: Demographic statistics of the survey were summarized and influencing factors of the KMS experience and the intention to visit KMS were analyzed using logistic regression model with complex sample design. Influencing factors were specified based on Andersen's behavioral model of health care utilization and factors associated with individual recognitions of KMS. Additionally, using the ordinary logistic regression model without complex sample design, the survey data were analyzed to compare the results. Results: In the logistic regression analysis, sex, age, health condition, presence of chronic disease, a degree of knowledge about Korean Medicine, and a view about herbal medicine safety were statistically significant both in the KMS experience, and the intention to visit KMS. Marital status was statistically significant in the KMS experience, while family income, a view about the cost of KMS were statistically significant in the intention to visit KMS. Conclusion: Individual recognitions of KMS and enabling components should be considered when establishing KMS policies. In addition, future studies analyzing KMUS need to take into account the complex sample design features of the survey to avoid statistically misleading results.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.3-10
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to provide an remodification method for elementary school complex facilities in Seoul Metropolitan city. This study analyzes the questionnaire survey for 568 entire elementary schools and the questionnaire survey for school facility complex project operated 44 elementary schools. Then the result of this study was deduced from the comparison between the 568 entire survey data and 44 survey data in terms of the cognition of school facility complex project, the required type of facility and the problems of complex facility maintenance and operation. Four major findings were revealed as the result of research. First, there is a very high agreement with the school facility complex projects. Second, it was need that the process of planning and design was remodified to enhance participation of parents of students and local residents for selecting an appropriate complex facility. Third, education environment and student safety should be protected from any other school facility complex environments. Fourth, an agreement and regulation is needed for more effective maintenance and operation of school complex facilities.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2021

In this study, we aim to suggest direction for landscape design of residential complex in Korea by studying target areas to understand how landscape urbanism was applied to residential landscape design as it is the majority of landscape design in Korea and by closely examining design elements to be considered for design of residential complex based on landscape urbanism theory. For the purpose of the study, some of public multifamily housing complex were selected as target areas and a survey was first conducted to understand how landscape urbanism was applied to design of these target areas. Then, by analyzing the survey results, we identified which elements were of importance to designing of multifamily housing complexes in Korea and how practical design of landscape urbanism works. From this study, we concluded that landscape urbanism theory is not just about design strategies, but more of comprehensive design methodology covering both operation and management and that such theory can be appropriately applied to design of multi-housing complexes in Korea. We also discovered that in order to apply landscape urbanism in design stage for multi-housing complex, selecting which design strategy/words in the previous study is not what's important, but comprehensive understanding and interpretation of design languages is key.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.523-531
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• 2014

Design effect is often used in designing and planning sample surveys and/or in evaluating the efficiency of complex design features of the surveys. In this study, we applied Gabler et al. (2006)'s design effect model to 2013 Consumer behavior survey for food that was carried out by stratified two-stage sampling. Usability and adequacy of the design model to a real survey data are discussed and evaluated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2251-2258
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• 2012

This study compared the unweighted sample design, frequency weighted sample design and complex sample design to using 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in an effort to identify whether or not there is any difference in potential risk factors. Pearson chi-square test and Rao-scott chi-square test were applied to the analytic methods. As a result of analyses, all the variables were overestimated as significant risk factors in case of the unweighted sample design to which only the frequency weights were applied. In addition, there were differences in the confidence levels and results from the simple random sampling analysis and complex sample design to which no weight was applied. It is necessary to carry out the complex sample design rather than the analysis to which the frequency weights are applied, in order to ensure the findings to represent the whole population when our national statistics data is used.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.757-764
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• 2012

This research is for comparison of test statistics for homogeneity when the data is collected based on complex sample design. The survey data based on complex sample design does not satisfy the condition of independency which is required for the standard Pearson multinomial-based chi-squared test. Today, lots of data sets ara collected by complex sample designs, but the tests for categorical data are conducted using the standard Pearson chi-squared test. In this study, we compared the performance of three test statistics for homogeneity between two populations using data from the 2009 customer satisfaction evaluation survey to the service from Gyeongsangnam-do regional offices of education: the standard Pearson test, the unbiasedWald test, and the Pearsontype test with survey-based point estimates. Through empirical analyses, we fist showed that the standard Pearson test inflates the values of test statistics very much and the results are not reliable. Second, in the comparison of Wald test and Pearson-type test, we find that the test results are affected by the number of categories, the mean and standard deviation of the eigenvalues of design matrix.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.4 s.16
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• pp.137-144
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• 2003

Recently, the interest in a complex building increases rapidly in Korea. High-rise complex is not simply the combination of a residential apartment and a business office as previous but a building with the object of the convenience of the residents familiar with city-life style through adapting the high class life style and new residential culture to the business space, and the efficiency in using the limited building site in the town. This study presents an exploratory analysis focusing the structural system with the help of the extensive survey of the construction site in Korea, and aims a guideline for the structural design and construction of high rise complex. Through the survey, change and development in the design and the construction can be seen as the height and size of the complex grow. It is almost indispensable to design a structural system against lateral forces like earthquake or wind, which is usually measured by story drift ratio or story displacement. Improvement of the structural materials and their usages is also included for the efficiency of the structural system. Useful slab-beam system contributing to the decrease of the story height is still a concern.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2012

This is the time we need differentiated strategy due to consumer's standard of purchasing is becoming more complicated and corporate marketing war is intensely competitive. For a long-term strategy, making competitive corporate image is important because companies have their own competitiveness. In addition, importance of having a relationship with customer is magnified through consumers'direct and indirect experience. "The corporate complex cultural space is designed place for experiential marketing to convey its meaning to consumers." Under above concept, this study analyzed the theory of experiential marketing and conducted a survey which is based on experiential marketing strategic module (SEMs) using the analyzed theory. This study drew expression characteristics of space through case analysis and conducted a survey to have more effective corporate complex cultural space. As a result, the experience in the space enables people to understand of the space through five senses, not consist of simply chucks of sense-date, and this result emphasizes the importance of 'Event' because people tend to escape from restriction for reality to relive stress and have emotional satisfaction. In addition, it shows expression characteristics which provide sympathy as a flexible interaction through symbolical image. The result of the expression characteristics' survey is showed up to improve effect of corporate complex cultural space. This study is analyzing the corporate complex cultural space through experience marketing for the company which wants provide differentiated experience of various space expression methods and catching current position. Also, this study places its significance to give a way to increase space preference and effect of corporate complex cultural space. Based on the result of this study, I hope the future corporate complex cultural space will develop refreshingly.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2012

Measurement error is one of main source of error in survey. It is generally defined as the difference between an observed value and an underlying true value. An observed value with error may be expressed as a function of the true value plus error term. In some cases, the measurement error variance may be also a function of the unknown true value. The error variance function can be rewritten as a function of true value multiplied by a scale factor. This research explore methods for estimation of the measurement error variance based on the data from complex sampling design. We consider the case in which the variance of mesurement error is a linear function of unknown true value, and the error variance scale factor is small. We applied our results to the U.S. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (the U.S. NHANES III) data for empirical analyses, which has replicate measurements for relatively small subset of initial respondents's group.