• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2019

Objectives Previous studies have revealed inconsistent results on amygdala volume in adult bipolar disorder (BD) patients compared to healthy controls (HC). Since the amygdala encompasses multiple subregions, the subtle volume changes in each amygdala nucleus might have not been fully reflected in the measure of the total amygdala volume, causing discrepant results. Thus, we aimed to investigate volume changes in each amygdala subregion and their association with subtypes of BD, lithium use and clinical status of BD. Methods Fifty-five BD patients and 55 HC underwent T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging. We analyzed volumes of the whole amygdala and each amygdala subregion, including the anterior amygdaloid area, cortico-amygdaloid transition area, basal, lateral, accessory basal, central, cortical, medial and paralaminar nuclei using the atlas in the FreeSurfer. The volume difference was analyzed using a one-way analysis of covariance with individual volumes as dependent variables, and age, sex, and total intracranial volume as covariates. Results The volumes of whole right amygdala and subregions including basal nucleus, accessory basal nucleus, anterior amygdaloid area, and cortico-amygdaloid transition area in the right amygdala of BD patients were significantly smaller for the HC group. No significant volume difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder was found after the Bonferroni correction. The trend of larger volume in medial nucleus with lithium treatment was not significant after the Bonferroni correction. No significant correlation between illness duration and amygdala volume, and insignificant negative correlation were found between right central nucleus volume and depression severity. Conclusions Significant volume decrements of the whole amygdala, basal nucleus, accessory basal nucleus, anterior amygdaloid area, and cortico-amygdaloid transition area were found in the right hemisphere in adult BD patients, compared to HC group. We postulate that such volume changes are associated with altered functional activity and connectivity of amygdala nuclei in BD.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.6_1
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• pp.879-891
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• 2018

In this study, the effects of urban redevelopment and building construction on the change of the detailed flows around the Pukyong National University (PKNU) campus located in the building-congested area was investigated using a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model and GIS (geographic information system). For the analysis of the detailed flows before and after the constructions of the buildings around and within the campus, numerical simulations for the 16 inflow directions were performed before and after the construction. We used, as reference wind speeds at the inflow boundaries, the averaged wind speeds observed at the Gwangan light beacon (962) where there is no surrounding obstacle (i.e., building and terrain) acting as friction. We analyzed the area fractions in which wind speeds at z = 2.5 m changed after the construction for 16 inflow directions. The area fractions were relatively large in the east-south-easterly and southerly cases, because of the high-rise buildings constructed at the east and the apartment complex and the Engineering buildings constructed at the south of the PKNU campus. In the case of the easterly of which frequency is highest among the wind directions observed at the Daeyeon AWS (AWS 942) located inside the PKNU campus, the wind-speed change was not significant even after the constructions. It is shown that the building construction has affected the detailed flows around as well as even in the far downwind region of the constructed buildings. Also, it is shown that the GIS and CFD model are useful for analyzing the detailed flows in planning the urban redevelopment and/or building construction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.465-468
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• 2014

The image processing device sold by the market, which increases the comfort of the driver Around-View of the camera. This system while driving or when parked, came about to prevent accidents caused by driver error or disable the visibility of the system. However, it did not spread widely to the driver due to the problem of the high installation cost and complex installation process from the system for easy operation. Due to problems such as first, expensive equipment and second, the development environment is difficult and third, inconvenient installation process, it is not out because of the prohibitively high cost burden and difficult development environment, programmers and operators. I think if this is solved even one problem of this system would be able to access the user are a little more affordable. In this paper The AVM(Around-View Monitoring) system is proposed, the two problems that minimize expensive equipment, the installation process is inconvenient problem of the three aforementioned systems. Solved the problem caused by a lot of the cost by using low-cost USB device, and a rear camera. Was developed to facilitate the installation is possible by considering the inconvenient installation. Reducing the price paid by consumers because of the system.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.94-104
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the spatial variation in land use and topographic effects on water quality at the Geum river watershed in South Korea, using the ordinary least squares(OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. Understanding the complex interactions between land use, slope, elevation, and water quality is essential for water pollution control and watershed management. We monitored four water quality indicators -total phosphorus, total nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen levels - across three land use types (urban, agricultural, and forested) and two topographic features (elevation and mean slope). Results from GWR modeling revealed that land use and topography did not affect water quality consistently through space, but instead exhibited substantial spatial non-stationarity. The GWR model performed better than the OLS model as it produced a higher adjusted $R^2$ value. Spatial variation in interactions among variables could be visualized by mapping $R^2$ values from the GWR model at fine spatial resolution. Using the GWR model, we were able to identify local pollution sources, determine habitat status, and recommend appropriate land-use planning policies for watershed management.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.28-69
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• 2019

We conducted taxonomical investigations based on morphological characteristics, fruit morphology, and literature research on the tribe Potentilleae (Rosaceae) in Korea covering seven genera and 24 species. The style position on the ovary and the shape of style were useful characteristics for the classification of subtribal and generic levels in the tribe Potentilleae. The subtribe Fragariinae is characterized by subbasal or lateral style on the ovary and anthers with one theca. The subtribe Potentillinae has a subterminal style on the ovary, except for Argentina, which presents a subterminal and lateral style and anthers with two thecae. These results support the recent taxonomic recognition that i) the tribe Potentilleae consists of two subtribes, and ii) genera such as Dasiphora, Comarum, and Sibbaldianthe sometimes included in Potentilla s.l. are treated as independent genus. In the subtribe Potentillinae, Argentina, which has been treated as Potentilla, is supported as a distinct genus according to the characteristics of the subterminal and lateral style position and the ventral stipular auricles. In Fragaria, F. nipponica subsp. chejuensis, which has generally small leaves and a limited distribution only on Hallasan Mt., is supported by treatment as an endemic species. Duchesnea chrysantha is distinguished from D. indica by the characteristics of light green or yellowish green leaves, thin and somewhat membranous leaflets, and broad ovate or obovate leaflets. Each complex of P. dickinsii and P. chinensis remains unresolved with regard to controversy over the taxonomic circumscription due to their external morphological variations. Additional taxonomical research and molecular population studies are required for a more in-depth understanding of the tribe Potentilleae in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate treatment characteristics of diatomite filtration, that would allow water recovery from biologically-treated effluent for reuse. Diatomite, Celpure 100, and acid clay were used as filter-aids, with a support filter manufactured from polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP). This pre-coating process using diatomite filter-aids, is used in the filtration range of pressure filters, and has consistently provided high-quality separation. The results showed that variations in average removal efficiency of SS, and T-P from biologically treated effluent by the diatomite-coated PE filter, were approximately 82.2 ~ 88.9 % and 4.8 ~ 21.1 %, respectively. T-P treatment efficiency of the PP filter pre-coated with diatomite and $Celpure^{(R)}100$ at $57.64g/m^2$, was approximately $24{\pm}10%$ and $40{\pm}15%$ on average, respectively. Particle size distribution of secondary effluent varied from 0.05 to $200{\mu}m$, and $d_{50}$ value was $20.76{\mu}m$. The size distribution of particles in the diatomite filtrate ranged from 1.26 to $101.1{\mu}m$ when pre-coated with diatomite filter-aid, at a content of $57.64g/m^2$. Diatomite filter aids, i.e., the particles that form the pre-coating layer, capture very fine particles as well as macromolecules, owing to their complex structure with numerous fine microscopic pores, and surface properties. The filtration process using diatomite and $Celpure^{(R)}100$ as filter aids, has been successfully applied, to recover water from sewage for reuse. The disadvantage of the process, is that the particle size of the filter-aid is spent, because of pressurization.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.569-573
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• 2018

Music is composed of the sound of many instruments. Among them, the sound of the human voice naturally stands out to us and immediately connects with the listener. However, A lot of different steps go into perfectly mixing a vocal, but I'm going to focus on the most important step, equalization. In this paper, starting with the concept and the type of EQ for the requirements associated with the EQ's work and will know about when and how to use subtractive EQ, additive EQ during the recording and mixing process. EQ is one if the most important tools for mixing, especially when dealing with vocals. The control that EQ's offer allows you work, boosting and cutting to fit the vocal perfectly into the mix. The key to get a professional sounding vocal every time is to always keep in mind what you're trying to achieve stylistically and for it, using reference track is very effective. In addition to EQing, there are a variety of complex working steps such as compression, reverb, chorus, delay, adjusted for the effects of the work and harmonies of backing vocals and that are also very important task. The work of EQing is the beginning of the mixing process, among other things, need to be a detailed work throughout the consideration of the above points to its importance is greater relationship.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.17-33
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• 2021

This study empirically analyzes the effect of the spread of COVID-19 and the implementation of social distancing on the number of park users. To this end, we analyzed the time series data on the number of users and the COVID-19 outbreak at Olympic Park, a large-scale comprehensive urban park located in Songpa-gu, Seoul, and four neighborhood parks in the same municipality. And this was compared with the effect on the change in the number of users around Jamsil Lotte World, a representative indoor complex leisure space in Seoul. The analysis results are as follows: First, in small neighborhood parks located in residential areas, the number of users increased by 3 to 6% on average due to the implementation of the social distancing measures and the increase in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. In particular, it was found that changes in park use were sensitive to the increase in the intensity of social distancing. On the other hand, the number of users around Jamsil Lotte World decreased by 38% on average, and in the case of Olympic Park, the number of users decreased by 1.9% on average due to the spread of COVID-19. Considering that the number of the vehicle users representing remote users of Olympic Park has decreased by 23% on average, it is estimated that there is little change in the number of users in the surrounding areas. This suggests that urban parks, especially neighborhood parks in residential areas, play a role as a major refuge and leisure space for urban people in the event of a pandemic disaster such as COVID-19, and therefore need to be properly supplied and maintained.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2021

The digital workflow of optical impressions by the intraoral scanner and CADCAM manufacture of dental prostheses is actively developing. The complex process of traditional impression taking, definite cast fabrication, wax pattern making, and casting has been shortened, and the number of patient's visits can also be reduced. Advances in intraoral scanner technology have increased the precision and accuracy of optical impression, and its indication is progressively widened toward the long span fixed dental prosthesis. This case report describes the long span implant case, and the operator fully utilized digital workflow such as computer-guided implant surgical template and CAD-CAM produced restoration after the digital impression. The provisional restoration and customized abutments were prepared with the optical impression taken on the same day of implant surgery. Moreover, the final prosthesis was fabricated with the digital scan while utilizing the same customized abutment from the provisional restoration. During the data acquisition step, stl data of customized abutments, previously scanned at the time of provisional restoration delivery, were imported and automatically aligned with digital impression data using an 'A.I. abutment matching algorithm' the intraoral scanner software. By using this algorithm, it was possible to obtain the subgingival margin without the gingival retraction or abutment removal. Using the digital intraoral scanner's advanced functions, the operator could shorten the total treatment time. So that both the patient and the clinician could experience convenient and effective treatment, and it was possible to manufacture a prosthesis with predictability.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.219-237
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• 2021

Visual information is widely used to deliver health information more effectively on social media, but there is lack of research on how effectively visual information delivers health information on social media. This study reports Facebook users' reading patterns and cognitive tests (recall and recognition tests) results using health-related Facebook posts. For this study, 21 college students participated in online questionnaire, eye tracking experiment, and recall and recognition tests. First, users paid their attention to the area that contains information (i.e., users focused on the main text rather than photos that do not contain information). Second, in the case of Facebook posts containing infographics, users paid their attention on the infographics, but the recall and recognition test results of the posts with infographics were lower than the posts containing photos. Particularly, when the infographics are in a complex collage format, recall and recognition tests result lower scores. Third, regarding the length of the text, the Facebook posts with short text resulted in higher recall and recognition test scores than the posts with medium or long texts. This study suggested to Facebook health information providers and distributors how to design Facebook posts for delivering health information more effectively.