• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.08a
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• pp.55-67
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• 1999

A puc -deleted cell of Rhodobacter sphaeroides grows with a doubling time longer than 160 h under the light-limiting photoheterotrophic ( 3 Watts [W]/㎡) conditions due to an absence of the peripheral light-harvesting B800-850 complex. A spontaneous fast-growing mutant, R.sphaeroides SK101 was ioslate dto have∼40-h doubling at 3 Watts/㎡, while the growth of the mutant was not distinguished from its parental strain during both aerobic and light-saturating photoheterotrphic (10W/㎡) growth. The B875 complex of SK101 under the light-limiting conditions was elevated by 20 to 30% compared with that of the puc -deleted cell, reflecting parallel increase of bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoid contents of the mutant. The formation of B875 complex of SK101 under the anaerobic dark conditions with dimethylsulfoxide was the same as that of the puc-deleted cell. suggesting that the mutation of SK101 result in the altered control of B875 complex formation by light. When puc is restored in SK101 , it is not B875 complex but B800-850 complex which formation is elevated. The mutation of SK101 affected the bchF transcription most drastically to show two to tenfold increase during both aerobic and photoheterotrophic growth. The mutated phenotype of SK101 was complemented with pW2, which contains approximately 100-kb HNA of the photosynthetic gene clusters. The complementing DNA was narrowed down to a 1.1-kb DNA containing orfQ and pufKBA . The mutation of SK101 appeared to be exerted through the mutation of the orfQ gene encoding a putative bacteriochlorophyll -mobilizing protein.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.269-274
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• 2004

To enhance the solubility and stability of lansoprazole (LAN), new proton pump inhibitor, we were prepared various molar ratio of inclusion complex with $2-hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin$ (HPCD) and organic alkali agent, meglumine (MEG). Inclusion complex formation of LAN with HPCD was investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry. The aqueous solubilities of inclusion complexes, and the stabilities of 1:4 and 1:5 inclusion complexes in aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of MEG were examined. The stability of 1:5 LAN-HPCD inclusion complex containing MEG, which was equaled to amount of LAN, was performed in 0.9% NaCl and 5% dextrose solution. The formation of inclusion complex of LAN with HPCD was $A_L$ type and the molar ratio of complex was 1:1. The stability constant was $41.557\;M^{-1}$. As molar ratio of LAN to HPCD was increased, solubility of inclusion complex was increased. 1:5 LAN-HPCD inclusion complex was more stable than 1:4 LAN-HPCD inclusion complex. And as contained MEG amount in LAN solution was increased, stability of 1:4 and 1:5 LAN-HPCD inclusion complexes was improved. Also stability of 1:5 LAN-HPCD-MEG inclusion complex in 0.9% NaCl solution and 5% dextrose solution was similar to it in water at room temperature, but it was unstable at $40^{\circ}C$.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 1998

A hydrophobic substrate triolein was hydrolyzed by lipase in a mono-phase reaction system containing cyclodextrin(CD) as emulsifier. The triolein was transformation to an emulsion-like state in the CD containing reaction system in contrast to the oil-droplet like state without CD due to the formation of an inclusion complex between the lipids and CDs. The hydyrolysis reaction increased substantially in the CD containing reaction system, and the optimum reaction conditions including the amount of lipase, ${\beta}$-CD concentration, and mixing ratio of triolein and ${\beta}$-CD, were determined. The performance of the enzyme reaction in a mono-phase reaction system was compared with that of a two-phase reaction system which used water immiscible hexane as the organic solvent. The role of a CD in the mono-phase reaction system was elucidated by comparing the degree of the inclusion complex formation with triolein and oleic acid, Km and Vmax values, and product inhibition by oleic aicd in aqueous and CD containing reaction systems. The resulting enhanced reaction seems to be caused by two phenomena; the increased accessibility of lipase to triolein and reduced product inhibition by oleic acid through the formation of an inclusion complex.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.535-538
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• 2006

In our previous studies, we have observed that curcumin and momordin I isolated from Ampelopsis radix inhibit the formation of Fos-Jun-activation protein-1 (AP-1) DNA complex. We have screened more effective compounds which have a 5-membered ring framework like momordin I and have modified disaccharide or carboxylic acid portions in momordin I. We synthesized momordin I derivatives according to the published method with slight modification. Synthetic momordin I derivatives showed remarkable inhibitory activities on Fos-Jun-AP-1 DNA complex formation results in in vitro assays. The $IC_{50}$ values of momordin I derivatives were about 4.0 $\mu$M in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). This value is about 125 times higher than that of curcumin and about 12 times higher than that for curcumin derivative C1, and moreover about 30 times higher than that for momordin I. We found momordin I derivatives (a) and (b) are the strongest inhibitory compound for Fos-Jun-AP-1 DNA complex formation.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.115-125
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• 2006

Hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine(HHL) is widely used as a substrate of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) cleaving the neurotransmitter angiotensin(I) to the octapeptide angiotensin(II). The structure of the substrate molecules should provide information regarding the geometric requirements of the ACE active site. For the purpose of determination of in vivo reaction, metallo(Cu, Zn)-HHL complexes were synthesized and the degree of complex formation were identified by MALDITOF, ESI mass spectrometric analysis. Tn addition, the pH-dependent species distribution curves were obtained by potentiometric titration. Nitrogen atoms of imidazole ring and oxygen atom of caboxylate groups in the peptide chain were observed to be participated in the metal complex formation. After purification of complexes further structural characterization were made by utilizing UV-Vis, electrochemical methods and NMR. Complete NMR signal assignments were carried out by using 2D-spectrum techniques COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HETCOR. A complex that two imidazole and carboxylate groups are asymmetrically participating to coordination mode was predicted to the solution-state structure of $Cu(II)-HHL_2$ based on $^{13}C-NMR$ signal assignment and NOE information.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.3-31
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• 2019

In order to achieve full-scale economic cooperation between North Korea and South Korea, the Gaesong Industrial Complex should reopen first. In this case, the Inter-Korean commercial arbitration system should be clearly established to effectively resolve the disputes arising in the special economic zones of the Gaesong Industrial Complex. Even though the Inter-Korean Investment Security Agreement, the Agreement on the Resolution of Commercial Disputes between North Korea and South Korea, the Agreement on the Formation and Operation of the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee, and the Agreement on the Formation and Operation of the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee in the Gaesong Industrial District are in place, specific arbitration procedure is not concretely agreed upon and realized between the two Koreas. Therefore, the realization of commercial arbitration between them led by the Ministry of Unification or the government should be accomplished. In addition, it is necessary to consider the administrative trial or administrative litigation system in order to deal with administrative disputes that are not subject to commercial arbitration. Lastly, discussions on legal integration between the two Koreas should continue, focusing on the special economic zone of the Gaesong Industrial Complex, in order to prevent integration from being hindered by a different culture for a long time.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.42.2-42.2
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• 2017

The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is a unique target to study the detail structures of molecular clouds and star-forming regions, due to its proximity and face-on orientation from us. Most part of the astrophysical subjects for the LMC have been investigated, but the magnetic field is still veiling despite its role in the evolution of the interstellar medium (ISM) and in the main force to influence the star formation process. Measuring polarization of the background stars behind interstellar medium allows us to describe the existence of magnetic fields through the polarization vector map. In this presentation, I introduce the near-infrared polarimetric results for the $39^{\prime}{\times}69^{\prime}$ field of the northeastern region of the LMC and the N159/N160 star-forming complex therein. The polarimetric observations were conducted at IRSF/SIRPOL 1.4 m telescope. These results allow us to examine both the global geometry of the large-scale magnetic field in the northeastern region and the close structure of the magnetic field in the complex. Prominent patterns of polarization vectors mainly follow dust emission features in the mid-infrared bands, which imply that the large-scale magnetic fields are highly involved in the structure of the dust cloud in the LMC. In addition, local magnetic field structures in the N159/N160 star-forming complex are investigated with the comparison between polarization vectors and molecular cloud emissions, suggesting that the magnetic fields are resulted from the sequential formation history of this complex. I propose that ionizing radiation from massive stellar clusters and the expanding bubble of the ionized gas and dust in this complex probably affect the nascent magnetic field structure.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 1995

The solubility and dissolution rate of naproxen (NPX) complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-.betha.-cyc-lodextrin (2-HP.betha.CD) using coprecipitation, evaporation, freeze-drying and kneading method were investigated. Solubility of NPX linearly increased (correlation cefficient, 0.995) as $2-HP\betaCD$ concentraction increased, resutling in $A_l$ type phase solubility curve. Inclusion complexes prepared by four different methods were compared by different methods were compared by dfferential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The NPX showed sharp endothemic peak around $156^{\circ}C$ but inclusion complexes by evaporation, freeze-drying and kneading method showed very broad peak without distinct phase transtion temperature. In contrast, inclusion complex prepared by coprecipitation method resulted in detectable peak around $156^{\circ}C$ which is similar to NPX, suggesting incoplete formation of indusion co plex. Dissolution rate of inclusion complexes prepared by evaporation, frezz-drying and kneding except coprecipitation method was largely enhanced in the simultaed gastric and intestinal fluid when compared to NPX powder and commercial $NA-XEN^\registered$tablet. However, about 65% of NPX in gstric fluid. in case of inclusion complex prepared by coprecipitation method, formation of inclusion complex appeared to be incoplete, resulting in no marked enhancement of dissolution rate. From these findings, inclusion complexes of poorly water-soluble NPX with $2-HP\betaCD$ were useful to increase soubility and dissolution rate, resting in enhancement of bioavailability and minimization of gastrointestinal toxicity of drug upon oral administration of inclusion complex.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.430-440
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• 2023

Linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex composed of HOIP, HOIL-1L, and SHARPIN that catalyzes the formation of linear/M1-linked ubiquitin chain. It has been shown to play a pivotal role in the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling induced by proinflammatory stimuli. Here, we found that tumor susceptibility gene (TSG101) physically interacts with HOIP, a catalytic component of LUBAC, and potentiates LUBAC activity. Depletion of TSG101 expression by RNA interference decreased TNFα-induced linear ubiquitination and the formation of TNFα receptor 1 signaling complex (TNF-RSC). Furthermore, TSG101 facilitated the TNFα-induced stimulation of the NF-κB pathway. Thus, we suggest that TSG101 functions as a positive modulator of HOIP that mediates TNFα-induced NF-κB signaling pathway.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.136-143
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• 1984

Inclusion complex formation of fenbufen with ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ in water and in solid state was comfirmed by solubility method, ultra violet absorption, circular dichroism and infra-red spectroscopies, differential thermal analysis, and X-ray diffractometry. A solid complex of fenbufen with ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ in 1 : 1 molar ratio was prepared by the freeze-drying method, its dissolution characteristics in water and its analgesic and antiinflammatory effect in mouse or rat were examined. The apparent release of fenbufen from the inclusion complex was significantly improved, hut no significant difference in its analgesic and antiinflammatory effect was found.