• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.212-227
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns of alternative therapy and to describe the characteristics of cancer patients used alternative therapy. The sample of this study were 232 consisted of cancer patients who visited at Pusan National University Hospital, Dong-a, Kosin University Hospital. The data were gathered from August, 1 to October, 30 1999 and analyzed by using SPSSWIN program for frequency, percentile and $X^2$-test. The important results of this study are as follows. 1. In population-sociological characteristics, sexual distribution showed female 52.6%, and the male 47.4%, age distribution showed that more than 60year old group are most as 31.5%. 2. In the disease characteristics, colon and rectal cancer patients were most as 19.0%. In the type of pain, the most of subjects were "dully pain" as 25.4%. In the pain level, 134 subjects complained pain, mean maximal pain score was $7.3{\pm}2.29$ in 10 points rating scale. 3. 132 patients (56.9%) among 232 cancer patients had used alternative therapy. The most common type of alternative therapy was dietary and nutritional therapy 44%, the place of use. home 43.2%, duration, less than 3 months, 56.8%. The most common motive was a recommendation by friends or family. The degree of satisfaction after the use of alternative therapy was high for 22.0%. 4. In the relation between general characteristic and utilization of alternative therapy, the only living area was showed a significant statistical differance($X^2$ = 4.070, P= .044). also in the relation between disease characteristic and utilization of alternative therapy, morbidity periods, the size of higher pain, the type of treatment were showed a significant statistical differance($X^2$= 7.964, 7.303, 3.565, P=.044, .026, .042). In conclusions, these findings indicate that cancer patients use various complementary and in alternative therapy. therefore, suggested that medical doctors or nurses verify the true effects or side-effects from the most common complementary or alternative therapies through experiments.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.6C
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• pp.480-486
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• 2008

The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signals is one of major drawbacks of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). A partial transmit sequences (PTS) technique can improve the PAPR statistics of OFDM signals. However, in a PTS technique, the search complexity to select phase weighting factors increases exponentially with the number of sub-blocks. In this paper, a PTS technique with low computational complexity is presented, which adopts micro-genetic algorithm(${\mu}$-GA) as a search algorithm. A search on the phase weighting factors starts with a population of five randomly generated individuals. An elite having the largest fitness value and the other four individuals selected through the tournament selection strategy are determined, and then the next generation members are generated through the crossover operations among those. If the new generation converges, all the four individuals except the elite are randomly generated again. The search terminates when there has been no improvements on the PAPR during the predefined number of generations, or the maximum number of generations has been reached. To evaluate the performance of the proposed PTS technique, the complementary cumulative distribution functions (CCDF) of the PAPR are compared with those of the conventional PTS techniques.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.41
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• pp.245-273
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of some forms, "거" [kə], "게" [ke], and "걸" [kəl], which originated from a dependent noun "것" [kət]. Nowadays, some studies have argued that these forms are allomorphs of "것" [kət]. However, they are not allomorphs because they do not show a complementary distribution with "것" [kət]. Moreover, we should not deal with "게" [ke] and "걸" [kəl] as at the same level of "것" [kət] and "거" [kə] because they respectively consist of "거" [kə], and the subjective case marker "이" [i] or the accusative case marker "ㄹ" [l]. In other words, they function as an element of a sentence. Therefore, just the "거" [kə] and "걸" [kəl] remain to be argued about concerning variation among them. Especially, the "거" [kə] is almost freely alternated with "것" [kət], whereas even though "걸" [kəl], which is not part of KP (N + case marker), is very restricted so as to appear to be from "거" [kə]. Of course, the restriction they show cannot be under the condition that corresponds to the conception of the alternation. In conclusion, only the "거" [kə] is just an optional variation morph of "것" [kət], whereas "걸" [kəl] is an optional variation morph of "거" [kə]. There is no allomorph of "것" [kət] in the forms originated from itself.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.43.2-44
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• 2018

One of the keys to interpreting the characteristics and evolution of interstellar medium in the Milky Way is to understand the distribution of hot gas ($10^5-10^6K$). Gases in this phase are difficult to observe because they are in low density and lack of easily observable tracers. Hot gases are observed mainly in the emission of the FUV ($912-1800{\AA}$), EUV ($80-912{\AA}$), and X-rays (T> $10^6K$) of which attenuation is very high. Of these, FUV emission lines originated from high-stage ions such as O VI and C IV can be the most effective tracers of hot gases. To determine the spatial distribution of O VI and C IV emissions, we have analyzed the spectra obtained from FIMS (Far-ultraviolet IMaging Spectrograph), which covers about 80 percent of the sky. The hot gas volume filling factor, which varies widely from 0.1 to 0.9 depending on the supernova explosion frequency and the evolution model, has been calculated from the O VI and C IV maps. The hot gas generation models has been verified from the global distribution of O VI and C IV emissions, and a new complementary model has been proposed in this study.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.79-94
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• 2024

Purpose: The popularity of social media has altered how customers interact with businesses, and an increasing number of customers prefer to voice their complaints on social media. Bystanders can observe the customer complaint process on social media, but the impact of transparency on bystanders remains uncertain. Therefore, this study established and verified a model for defining the effect of transparency and service recovery types on bystanders. Research Design and Methodology: In this study, we used the internet survey platform "So Jump" to collect data. And we validated three studies with SPSS 26.0 and Smart PLS 4.0. Result: First, we showed that the transparency process (vs. result) is more likely to increase customer forgiveness and E-loyalty and reduce E-NWOM intention among bystanders. Second, customer forgiveness also plays a complementary mediating role between transparency and E-loyalty, as well as between transparency and E-NWOM intention. Finally, we found a modest interaction effect between transparency (process vs. result) and service recovery types (psychological vs. tangible vs. hybrid) on bystanders' customer forgiveness and E-loyalty. Conclusions: This study provides actionable recommendations for how service managers can effectively employ social media as a means for distributing feedback information to manage service recovery in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10c
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• pp.484-486
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• 2003

무선 통신 채널에서 오류 패턴은 유선에 비해 다른 오류 특징을 가지고 오류가 빈번하게 발생한다. 특히 오류가 오랫동안 없는 상태가 지속되기도 한다. 그러나 시뮬레이션에서 이용되는 균일 분포(Uniform distribution)와 같은 간단한 오류 모델에 의해 발생된 오류는 실제적인 오류 패턴과는 많은 차이가 있다. 이러한 차이점을 없애기 위해 측정된 오류를 기반으로 해서 실제적인 오류 패턴과 비슷한 chaotic map 모델을 시뮬레이션에서 사용할 수 있다. Chaotic map 모델은 다른 오류모델에 비해서 실제적인 오류 패턴과 비슷한 오류 패턴을 가지고, 비교적 간단하게 필요한 파라미터를 구할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 chaotic map 모델을 무선 센서 네트워크에 적용 했다. 센서 네트워크에서 수집된 데이터와 이 데이터를 통한 Chaotic Map 모델을 CCDF(complementary cumulative distribution function)를 통해 비교했다. 무선랜 환경에서 실험된 chaotic map model은 2/3이상의 결과에서 일치하였지만. 센서 네트워크를 적용하면 무선랜과는 다른 특성을 가지기 때문에 30%의 트레이스에서 chaotic map 모델과 일치한다.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.15-26
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• 2014

Purpose - This study addresses an acquisition's impact on a firm's strategic relationship based on findings of existing academic studies and theoretical assertions. Through examining existing research results and theoretical grounds for an acquisition's impact on various stakeholders, this study indirectly approaches the impact on stakeholders including alliance partners. Research design, data, and methodology - This research identified a variety of related theoretical foundations and empirical studies. Research objectives of prior studies mainly focused on merging firms and direct participants of acquisition activity. In addition, academic attention on the impact on rival firms has recently been growing. However, little research on alliance partners was found. Prior studies simultaneously employed event study methodology and cross-sectional analysis to make further theoretical contributions. Results and Conclusions - Based on the findings of prior studies, this research proposed a complementary research model for future academic inquiry into the impact of an acquisition on an alliance partner's return and for predicting an acquisition announcement's effect on alliance partners.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2007

A nonintrusive projection-based AR approach using complementary pattern has been recently proposed and applied to virtual studio. However, the approach faces the tradeoff between the pattern imperceptibility and compensation accuracy. To alleviate the tradeoff, we propose a content adaptive pattern concealment approach. The projector input images (AR images) are divided into rectangular regions and spatial variation and color distribution are computed in the regions. Based on the spatial variation and color distribution, we embed locally different strength of pattern images into different color channels. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach has two opposite advantages by comparing it with the previous (non-adaptive) approach through a variety of experiments and subjective evaluation. Our content adaptive approach can obtain the same performance using weaker pattern than the previous approach and thus significantly improve the imperceptibility of the pattern. On the contrary, our content adaptive approach can make strong pattern less perceptible and thus produce better compensation results.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

Purpose - This study evaluates the mutual influential power regarding the trade volumes of Japan and USA, based on a literature review and an empirical analysis. Through the literature review, I could evaluate each country's actual import-export volume and its status. Further, I could evaluate how each country could influence its trade outcome, through empirical analysis. Research design, data, and methodology - This study aims to review the trade structure to improve Japan-USA economic and social cooperation, as the two countries have reciprocal complementary features, and to examine trade weaknesses and analyze factors influencing trade and its direction, as well as to identify ways to expand trade. Results - The intra-economic potential cooperation fields are numerous. Additionally, anticipated profits from these fields are stable as compared to other fields in the regional economic integration. Conclusion - The interrelations between the two economic identities can provide optimal opportunities for industrial technology cooperation. Under the current aggravated competition in industrial fields, it is advisable to identify ways to secure stable resource suppliers, including the development of export markets.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.23-33
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• 2020

Purpose: In the digital age, visual cues in computer-mediated environments are becoming a very popular means of communication. Therefore, it is a very critical market for marketers to utilize for marketing communication and platform providers and manufacturers of mobile devices which create and distribute the visual cues While the prevalent research on visual cue consumption focuses on the positive side, the dark side of consuming visual cues has not been investigated. Therefore, in this research, the dark side of using visual cues, such as difficulties and problems in their application, will be investigated. Research design, data, and methodology: Due to the nature of this study, a netnography approach was adopted. Twitter which the users regularly utilise visual cues in their communications was a prime source for data of this research. Results: This research suggests that visual cue users experience anxiety about the subordination of expression and suffer from the myth of an ideal practice of expression. Conclusions: As the previous research emphasised the complementary role of visual cues, has failed to recognise the problems associated with the extensive and growing dependence on visual cues. This awareness demonstrates that we need to take a careful approach to visual cue usage.