• Development and Reproduction
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2001

Precise mechanism by which the fetus can escape from mother's immune rejection is not well understood yet over the last 50 years. The clarification of immune mechanism at the feto-maternal interface is very important, because this can be a common pathogenesis of various pathologic conditions including spontaneous abortion, habitual abortion fetal growth restriction preeclampsia, implantation failure after assisted reproductive techniques, and fetal death. In this review, current hypothetical contents were described with the priority of importance: 1) The center of this mechanism is cross-talk between the expression of HLA-C, E, G on the extravillous cytotrophoblasts and their receptors on decidual NK cell, 2) immunomodulation, 3) innate immunity is the main immunologic mechanism, 4) various mechanisms besides HLA system(eq. complement) may be associated. The overall balance of immunomodulation among these mechanisms should result in the outcome of each pregnancy. Further researches regarding the regulation of HLA system, roles of cytokines, complements should be followed in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.159-168
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• 1994

From the hot water extract of bracken(Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum), a Korean win edible plant, anti-complementary acidic polysaccharides were Isolated. Crude polysaccharide fraction(HPA-1) was obtain ed by methanol reflux, ethanol precipitation, dialysis, and lyophilization. HPA-1 contained 81.80% of total sugar, 30.40% of uronic acid, and 15.60cA of protein. HPA 1 was purified consecutively by cetavlon fractionation and chromatography including ion exchange nth DEAE-Sepharose CL 6B and gel permeation with Sephadex G-100 and Sepharose CL-6B. HPA-2- IVa and HPA-Va-2 were nearly homogeneous on HPLC and had 500,000 and 560,000 daltons of molecular weights, respectively. HPA-2-Wa consisted of fucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid at the molar ratio of 1.40 : 0.97 : 1.88. HPA-2-Va 2 was composed of rhamnose, galactose, and galacturonic acid at the molar ratio of 1.00 : 1.38 : 1.39. The polysaccharides were found to activate the C3 component both In the presence and In the absence of Ca2+ through the crossed-immunoelectrophoresis suggesting that those Involved in both classical and alternative complement pathway.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.182-189
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• 1994

The highest antitumor activity was observed in water soluble AS fraction of the Ganoderma lucidum IY 009. AS fraction did not show any cytotoxicity on sarcoma 180 cell but stimulated antibody production, opsonization of macrophage in ICR mouse and superoxide ion production from isolated macrophage. AS fraction activated complement C3 in human serum, and their antitumor activity was inhibited by EDTA, a chelator of cation related complementary activation. AS fraction exerted om prolong of life span and ingibition of tumor growth in the leukemia P388 or L1210 transplanted inbreed mouse,k BDF1 but krestin did not. AS fraction did not show any serious and lethal effects through oral administration on ICR mouse, and LD$_{50}$ of those was above 2,230 mg/kg.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.44 no.2 s.138
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• pp.127-131
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• 2006

The furcocercus cercariae of Neodiplostomum seoulense (Digenea: Neodiplostomidae) penetrate the skins of tadpoles and shed their tails. The speculated mechanism of this tail loss was physical efforts required to produce a vigorous zigzag motion during skin penetration; no other mechanism has been proposed. We examined the relationship between the host serum and cercarial tail loss. Cercariae of N. seoulense were collected from experimentally infected Segmentina hemisphaerula, and lots of 300 cercariae were cultured in medium 199 contained several types of sera. Cercarial tail degradation was induced in all media, but all the cercariae cultured except those cultured in media containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) died within 48 hr. After 72 hr cultivation in media containing FBS, cercarial tail degradation was induced in 67.0%; in continuous cultivation 13.3% of larvae survived for 7 days. Tail degradation did not occur in the absence of serum and when serum was heat inactivated at $56^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The addition of 20 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) blocked cercarial tail degradation completely. Moreover, the addition of 20 mM $MgCl_2$ restored tail degradation blocked by EDTA. These results suggest that the alternative complement pathway is related with the N. seoulense cercarial tail degradation induced by serum.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 2022

Purpose: This study evaluated the systemic and local effects of doxycycline (DOX) and low-intensity laser (LIL) treatment as adjuvants to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats. Methods: The sample consisted of 180 male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar), of which 30 did not receive induction of periodontal disease (negative control [NC] group) and 150 received induction of periodontal disease in the lower first molar. After 7 days, the ligature was removed, and the animals were divided into the following groups: NT (no treatment), SRP (SRP), DOX (SRP and DOX irrigation), LIL (SRP and laser irradiation), and DOX+LIL (SRP, DOX, and LIL). The animals were euthanized at 7, 15, and 30 days; thereafter, biochemical, radiographic, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Results: In the intragroup analysis, lower concentrations of α-1-glycoprotein acid (α-1-Ga) and complement 3 (C3) were observed in the DOX+LIL group than in all other groups at all time points, as well as lower levels of complement 4 (C4) at 15 and 30 days (P<0.001). Less bone loss was observed in the DOX, LIL, and DOX+LIL groups than in the NC and SRP groups at all time points (P<0.001). There was a smaller number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in the DOX+LIL group than in the other groups at all time points (P<0.001). Positive correlations were observed between the systemic levels of α-1-Ga, C3, and C4 and the number of TRAP-positive cells. Conclusions: The combination of DOX with LIL as SRP adjuvants was effective both systemically and locally for the treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 1986

These experiments were carried out to obtain basic information necessary for sexing embryos by chromosomal analysis. To observe metaphase chromosomes, all embryos developed to blastocysts were cultured in Ho, pp. & Pitts' medium containing 0.001% Colcemid under the gas phase of 5% CO2 in air at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. The sex chromosome of mouse embryos shown normal development after culture in medium containing H-Y antiserum (10%, v/v) and complement (20%, v/v) also was confimed by chromosomal analysis. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: 1. Among 89 mouse blastocysts, the number of embryos identified to have XX and XY chromosome was 22(25%) and 25(28%), respectively and 42(47%) embryos were not identified. 2. Of total 40 mouse balstocysts cultured in medium containing H-Y antiserum and complement, 23(58%) embryos which were able to be discriminated their sex chromosomes were identified to be XX bearing embryos. 3. Sex chromosomes of a number of embryos subjected to chromosomal analysis were not identified. This result may be due to absence or poor quality of metaphase spreads.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1244-1253
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• 1998

This study investigated the effects of vitamin C supplementation on immune status in smoking and nonsmoking male college students. Blood samples were obtained from 15 healthy smoking and from 15 healthy nonsmoking volunteers before and 4 weeks after vitamin C supplementation (1000mg/day). Daily nutrient intakes was also calculated. Plasma vitamin C, E, and A concentrations, white blood cells and subpopulations, lymphocytes and subpopulations, NK cell percentage,plasma immunoglobulin A, G, M and complement C3, plasma interleukin-2 , and prostagladin E2 were measured . Daily vitamin C consumption was lower in smokers than in nonsmokers. Vitamin C supplementation significantly increased plasma vitamin C in smokers, and increased NK cell percentage in smokers and nonsmokers. Plasma IL-2 concentrations were significantly increased by vitamin C supplementation in nonsmokers, and decreased helpe $r^pressor T cell ratio were decreased by vitamin C supplementatiion , but the differences were not significant. White blood cells and subpopulation percentage and plasma prostaglandin E2 concentration were not affected by smoking and vitamin C supplementation. These findings as nonsmokers.rs.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 1997

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mutant CH117, shows a drug-hypersensitivity (dhs) to cycloheximide, bleomycin, actinomycin D, 5-fluorouracil. nystatin, nigericin and several other antibiotics. CH 117 was also temperature-sensitive (ts). being unable to grow at $37^{\circ}C$ and secreted more invertase and acid phosphatase into the medium than the parent yeast. CH117 grows very slowly and the cell shape is somewhat larger and more sensitive to zymolyase than the wild type cells. Light microscopic and electron microscopic observation also revealed abnormality of the mutant cell wall. These characteristics indicate that CH117 has a defect in an essential component of the cell surface and that the cell wall which performs barrier functions has become leaky in the mutant. We screened a genomic library of wild type yeast for clones that can complement the mutation of CH117. A plasmid, pCHX1, with an insert of 3.6 kilobases (kbs) could complement the dhs and ts of CH117. Deletion and subcloning of the 3.6 kb insert showed that a gene for the complementation of mutant phenotypes was located in 1.9 kbs Puvll-Hindlll fragment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 1983

Clinical and epidemiologic data point to a causal interrelationship between nutritional deficiency and infectious illness. Both are major contributors to childhood morbidity and mortality, particulary in underprivileged population groups. Protein-calorie malnutrition depress a variety of immune funtions. Delayed hypersensitivity and number of T-lymphocytes are consistently reduced. The interrelationship between nutritional status and immune response was studied in 80 children aged under 6 years. According to the anthropometric assessment based on weight for height for age, 36 children were classified as normal, 22 as morderate malnutrition, and 22 as severe malnutrition. The following determinations were made : hemeglobin, hematocrit, serum albumin, immunoglobulin G, complement 3, and WBC levels. Results indicate that levels of Hb, Hct, serum albumin, and C3 concentration were decreased in moderate and severe malnutrition children. However, levels of IgG and WBC were not affected by the nutritional status. It is suggested that nutritional status has more profound effects on complement system than humoral immunity.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 1988

This experiment was carried out to investigate the sex ratio of produced lamb after artificial insemination into the cervix with spermatozoa from the top and bottom portion of ram semen separated by diluting semen a column of protein, and after implantation into the uterus with normal morulae and blastocyst cultured in BMOG-3 and Ham F-10 medium containing H-Y anbibody and complement treated with spleen and testis, respectively. All embryos developed to morulae and blastocyst were cultrued in medium under gas phase of 5% CO2 in air at 37$^{\circ}C$, 24 hrs. Estrus of ewes induced by a MAP vaginal sponge and 750 IU PMSG during the non-breeding season. The result obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: 1. The ratio of heating, lambing, and prolificacy after artificial inseminatin into the cervix of ewes induced by a MAP vaginal sponge and 750 IU PMSG during the non-breeding season were 100%, 40% and 2.74 heads, respectively. 2. Involving 44 ewes, spermatozoa from the top of the protein column produced 23.1% male and 76.9% female lambs, while spermatozoa from the bottom of the column produced 81.3% male and 18.8% female offspring, respectively. 3. The sex ratio (male-to-female) of progeny produced after implantation with normal morulae and blastocyst cultured in medium containing H-Y antibody and complement treated with spleen and testis were 21.0%, 79.0% and 17.4%, 82.6%, respectively.