• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.420-427
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• 2019

Introduction: To prevent and manage the societal and economic burden of occupational diseases (ODs), countries should develop strong prevention policies, health surveillance and registry systems. This study aims to contribute to the improvement of OD surveillance at national level as well as to identify priority actions in Turkey. Methods: The history and current status of occupational health studies were considered from the perspective of OD surveillance. Interpretative research was done through literature review on occupational health at national, regional and international level. Analyses were focused on countries' experiences in policy development and practice, roles and responsibilities of institutions, multidisciplinary and intersectoral collaboration. OD surveillance models of Turkey, Belgium and the Netherlands were examined through exchange visits. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to explore the peculiarities of legislative and institutional structures, the best and worst practices, and approach principles. Results: Some countries are more focused on exploring OD trends through effective and cost-efficient researches, with particular attention to new and emerging ODs. Other countries try to reach every single case of OD for compensation and rehabilitation. Each practice has advantages and shortcomings, but they are not mutually exclusive, and thus an effective combination is possible. Conclusion: Effective surveillance and registry approaches play a key role in the prevention of ODs. A well-designed system enables monitoring and assessment of OD prevalence and trends, and adoption of preventive measures while improving the effectiveness of redressing and compensation. A robust surveillance does not only provide protection of workers' health but also advances prevention of economic losses.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 기존의 연구들을 바탕으로 표시 광고의 공정화에 관한 법률(표시 광고법)에 기반한 부당한 표시 광고의 의미 및 그로 인한 손해배상책임의 성립 요건에 대해 고찰하였다. 부당한 표시 광고란 소비자를 속이거나 소비자로 하여금 잘못 알게 할 우려가 있는 표시 광고를 말하며 또한 공정한 거래 질서를 해칠 우려가 있는 것을 의미한다. 표시 광고법은 부당한 표시 광고에 의한 소비자 피해에 대해서는 손해배상책임을 규정하고 있는데 이것이 실질적으로 실행되려면 민법적인 접근이 요구된다. 민법상 부당한 표시 광고 행위는 위법성을 지니며 불법행위로 간주되어 손해배상책임을 부담하게 된다. 이와 같은 이론을 바탕으로 대법원 판례를 질적 내용 분석하여 부당한 표시 광고에 의한 손해배상책임의 법리적 특성을 살펴보았다. 광고 및 손해배상책임과 관련된 119건의 판례 중에서 부당한 표시 광고로 인한 손해배상책임과 관련된 17건의 판례를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 대부분이 민법 및 표시 광고법의 시각에서 판시되었으며 그 법리는 허위 과장 광고의 의미, 판단 기준 및 기망행위에 포함될 경우의 요건, 허위 과장 광고 등 부당한 표시 광고에 의한 '손해'의 의미, 손해액의 산정 방법, 손해배상책임 성립의 요건 그리고 손해배상청구권의 특성에 관한 것이었다. 전체적으로 부당한 표시 광고에 기인한 손해배상 책임 관련 판례의 법리는 주로 '손해'의 의미 규정, 손해액의 산정 방법 등에 초점을 두었음을 알 수 있었다. 앞으로는 현행 표시 광고법상의 손해배상책임 규정이 실효성 있도록 제도 개선이 필요하며 관련 연구들도 지속적으로 실행될 필요가 있다.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제48권
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• pp.5-24
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• 2009

헌법과 소비자보호법 체계는 소비지보호운동의 권리를 보장하고 있다. 신문독자와 방송시청자 역시 언론상품의 소비자로서 헌법, 소비자보호법체계 등에 의해 보호받을 수 있다. 나아가 신문독자와 방송시청자 등 언론소비자들은 언론관련법에 의해서도 권리가 침해되지 않거나 피해를 구제받을 수 있다. 언론상품이 언론정보와 광고정보로 구성되고 제품시장과 광고주시장에서 유통, 구매된다는 점 등을 감안하면 언론상품에 대한 불매운동, 광고불매운동은 2차 불매운동이 아니라 1차 불매운동에 해당한다. 이른바 '광고불매운동' 사건에 대해 서울중앙지법 1심 재판부가 광고불매운동을 정당한 소비자 운동의 일환으로 규정하면서 광고주 리스트를 인터넷에 게시하는 행위, 리스트를 보고 광고주들에게 소비자로서의 불매의사를 고지하는 행위 등을 광고게재의 여부가 상대방의 자유로운 판단에 맡겨지는 한 허용된다고 확인한 점은 당연하면서 동시에 다행스러운 판단이다. 그러나 소비자운동의 하나로서 광고불매운동의 자유를 인정하더라도 거기에 내재하는 한계로 인해 타 법익과의 충돌이 불가피하고, 이에 따라 법익간의 이익 형량과 조화가 필요할 것이다. 그럴 경우에도 언론소비자운동은 그것이 표현의 자유이자 동시에 소비자운동의 자유라는 기본권에 근거를 두고 있다는 점을 감안해야 할 것이다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2016

In recent hydraulic actuation systems, conventional hydraulic spool valves with pressure compensators are becoming less popular, after the introduction of the independent metering concept for valves. Within this concept, four valves are needed for actuating a single cylinder. Subsequently, this increases the freedom of controlling both chamber pressures of the cylinder, and it then provides for electronically-controlled pressure compensation facilities. Additionally, this has the potential to save valuable energy. The primary focus of this paper is to develop a new generation of hydraulic circuits using the independent metering valve (IMV). This configuration can function well as a conventional IMV circuit while providing better pressure control. We first describe the working principles of five distinct modes of the proposed IMV system. Then, mathematical models for each working mode are presented. Finally, we present numerical simulations that have been carried out to evaluate the system performance, in comparison with that of the conventional IMV configuration. The simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the new IMV configuration is superior to the conventional IMV system in terms of energy savings.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2008

In these days, work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) is one of the issues in the shipbuilding industry. As the number of injured workers and demands for worker's compensation have rapidly increased, improvement of work conditions and environments to prevent WMSDs has been more demanded. To reduce WMSDs' hazards in the shipbuilding industry, simulation technique which showed it's ability of increasing the manufacturing productivity was applied, because simulation technique has the evaluation ability for a worker's danger level of production process by RULA(Rapid Upper Limb Assesment). In this research, worker's altitude had modeled and worker's action has simulated. After the caution level was evaluated, we pointed out clues which had high workload. To reduce work-load, we applied ergonomic principles for improving working conditions and environments. Improved working conditions and environments were simulated using human modelling and simulation and their workload were evaluated again.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제77권
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• pp.285-304
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• 2018

With the development of market economy, it has been a legislative trend to establish a system for vicarious liability of employers. China also established Tort Liability Law of People's Republic of China in 2009 and ruled responsibility of the employers for the acts for their employees through Art. 35. First, the employer's right to indemnity to an employee should be recognized, because employer's superintendence is much weak and economic power is similar between them. Second, an employer should take a responsibility for an unpaid employee as vicarious liability, because the Law did not exclude them from employees. Lastly, in case the Law conflicts with Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Certain Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Trying Cases Involving Compensation for Personal Damage, the Law should be regarded it has priority based on several related Principles. Regarding these matters, this study guides you to an analysis of vicarious liability of employers in China, benefits with a view to the perfection of the vicarious liability regime.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.323-332
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• 2014

Stepper motor is widely used in positioning applications due to its durability and high torque to inertia ratio as well as low cost and ability to be easily controlled with open-loop. Due to increased resolution of position control and improved stability of motion control, microstepping has drawn attention in industry since it was introduced in 1970s. With the increase in computational power and decrease in cost of embedded processors in recent years, drives and control systems for stepper motors have become more sophisticate than ever. Thus, closed-loop control methods have been developed to improve the performance of the stepper motors. In this paper, we review not only basic principles of conventional control methods used for stepper motors but also that of microstepping control. In addition, we surveyed recent development in nonlinear control methods applied to stepper motors. The nonlinear control methods are presented in the view of Lyapunov stability. Nonlinear torque disturbance observer, sliding mode control, and nonlinear phase compensation are also presented.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.243-257
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• 2006

This study is to introduce the Chinese Contract Law against non-performance of the contract and to solve the wide range of problems involving to executing the trading contract. The parties' liability for the period of performance, the place of performance, the failure to deliver conforming goods together with it's nature of the lack of conformity, and the methods of compensation against damages and the force majeure clauses application. Those issues affect directly to commercial transactions in international business. The focus is more on the interrelationship of private individuals in its trade and on aiming to remove the legal obstacles from the Chinese Contract Law to freely flow of international trade. Reference may include foreign corrupt practices, Conventions on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and Laws of England, France, and Japan. This study has brought the efforts of these issues in the full spectrum of performance and with concentrations on effectiveness to avoid the different viewpoints of the general principles of CISG and commercial practice founded pre-eminently. This study, in presenting the legal framework, will contribute to a better understanding of the purpose of rules of Chinese Contract -Law as they interact to the benefit of the parties involved in international trade transactions. The writer believes that a problem-oriented approach and the concentration as outlined above would offer a different perspective for law faculty teaching in this area and hope that this study can be sufficiently diverse to satisfy many of those views.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 새로운 quasi Z-소스 토폴로지의 동적전압보상기를 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 quasi Z-소스 PWM 교류-교류 컨버터를 기반으로 하고 있으며, 입력단과 출력단은 공통 접지이고, 연속적인 입력전류 모드(CCM)로 동작하는 특징을 가지고 있다. 전원 전압의 sag와 swell을 검출하기 위하여, 피크치 전압 검출기법이 사용되었으며, 제안된 시스템의 동작 원리를 제시하고 회로 해석을 하였다. 제안된 시스템은 30% 전압 swell과 60%의 심한 전압 sag가 발생하여도 과전압과 부족전압에 대하여 순간적으로 보상을 하였으며, 부하전압을 정현파의 정격전압으로 유지할 수 있었다. PSIM 시뮬레이션과 실험결과를 통하여 본 연구의 타당성을 입증하였다.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(환경)
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• pp.405-411
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• 1994

Hazardous wastes released into the general environment are of concern to the public and to public health authorities. In response to this concern, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, as amended (commonly called Superfund), was enacted in 1980 to provide a framework for environmental, public health, and legal actions concerning uncontrolled releases of hazardous substances. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) was created by Superfund to address the public health issues of hazardous wastes in the community environment. Two key Agency programs, Public Health Assessments and Toxicological Profiles, are designed to assess the risk to human health of exposures to hazardous substances that migrate from waste sites or through emergency releases (e.g., chemical spills). The Agency's public health assessment is a structured process that permits ATSDR to identify which waste sites or other point sources require traditional public health actions (e.g.. human exposure studies, health studies, registries, health surveillance, health advisories). The ATSDR qualitative public health assessment complements the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's quantitative risk assessment. For Superfund purposes, both assessments are sitespecific. ATSDR's toxicological profiles are prepared for priority hazardous substances found most frequently at Superfund sites. Each profile presents the current toxicologic and human health effects information about the substance being profiled. Each profile also contains Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs), a type of risk assessment value. This paper covers ATSDR's experience in conducting public health assessments and developing MRLs, and it relates this experience to recommendations on how to improve chemical risk assessments.