• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to determine the indicators and the criteria to classify types of train delays of high-speed rail in South Korea. Types of train delays have divided into the chronic delays and the knock-on delays. The Indicators based on relevance, reliability, and comparability were selected with arrival delay rate of over five minutes, median of arrival delays of preceding train and following train, knock-on delay rate of over five minutes, correlation of delay between preceding train and following train on intermediate and last stations, average train headway, average number of passengers per train, and average seat usages. Types of train delays were separated using the Ward's hierarchical cluster analysis. The criteria for classification of train delay were presented by the Fisher's linear discriminant. The analysis on the situational characteristics of train delays is as follows. If the train headway in last station is short, the probability of chronic delay is high. If the planned running times of train is short, the seriousness of chronic delay is high. The important causes of train delays are short headway of train, shortly planned running times, delays of preceding train, and the excessive number of passengers per train.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.71-96
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• 2006

체계적 브랜드 관리는 브랜드 가치의 측정에서 시작된다. 따라서 많은 선행 연구들은 브랜드 가치 측정 방안을 제안하고 있지만, 이들 연구의 대부분은 유형 제품을 측정 대상으로 한 것이다. 또한 대부분의 경우 브랜드 가치 측정이 일회 측정에 끝나거나, 반복 측정의 경우에는 측정 방법의 변화로 비교 가능성이 낮고 지식이 축적되지 않는 한계를 갖고 있다. 따라서.본 연구는 우리나라 소매점의 대표적인 형태라 할 수 있는 할인점과 백화점을 중심으로 이들의 소매점 브랜드 가치 지수의 변화를 2002년에서 2004년에 걸쳐 동태적으로 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 할인점의 경우 조사 대상에 포함된 모든 할인점의 브랜드 가치가 처음 측정 시점인 2002년부터 2004년까지 지속적으로 증진되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 국내 할인점 브랜드가 1위의 자리를 고수하고 있는 가운데 외자계 업체들의 두드러진 성장 추세도 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 이와 달리 백화점의 경우 시장 내 확고한 1위 자리를 차지한 소매점 브랜드가 발견되지 않고, 서로 비슷한 역학 관계 속에서 선두 다툼을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 2003년을 지나서는 백화점 브랜드 가치의 성장이 전반적으로 둔화 또는 감소되는 현상을 확인할 수 있다. 또한 본 연구는 소매점 브랜드 가치지수의 동태적 측정과 더불어 소매점 브랜드 가치 구성요소와 시장성과간의 관계를 분석하여, 할인점과 백화점 각각에서 시장성과와 유의미한 관계에서 있는 브랜드 가치 구성요소를 규명하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제12D권3호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2005

B2B 전자거래 환경에서는 다양한 공급자들의 부품 라이브러리를 통합하여 단일 인터페이스를 제공하는 중개 시스템이 요구된다. 그런데 각부품 라이브러리들은 서로 이질적이어서 자동 통합하기 어렵다. 기존의 온톨로지 기반 자동 정보 통합 연구에서는 온톨로지들이 서로 다른 방식으로 작성되는 것을 방지하기 어렵기 때문에 이질성 해결을 위한 매핑이 복잡해지고, 따라서 제한적인 수준에서의 자동 정보 통합 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 Guarino의 상위 온톨로지 이론을 바탕으로 부품 라이브러리 온톨로지 개발에 이용할 수 있는 지식 모델링 프레임워크를 제안한다. 이 프레임워크는 존재론적 본성에 기반한 엄밀한 논리적 의미와 적용 원리가 부여된 부품 라이브러리 지식 모델링 프리미티브를 제공함으로써 온톨로지 개발자들이 대상 도메인의 지식을 체계적으로 분류하고 일관되게 구조화할 수 있도록 도와준다. 결과적으로, 작성되는 온톨로지들이 서로 비교 가능하고 균질해져 온톨로지 간 매핑이 단순해지고 정형화된다. 이를 바탕으로 온톨로지 자동 병합 알고리즘을 쉽게 개발할 수 있다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.16.1-16.1
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• 2011

$TiO_2$ is a promising material for gas sensors. To achieve high sensitivities, the material should exhibit a large surface-to-volume ratio and possess the high accessibility of the gas molecules to the surface. Accordingly, a wide variety of porous $TiO_2$ nanomaterials synthesized by wet-chemical methods have been reported for gas sensor applications. Nonetheless, achieving the large-area uniformity and comparability with well-established semiconductor production processes of the methods is still challenging. An alternative method is soft-templating which utilizes nanostructured inorganic or organic materials as sacrificial templates for the preparation of porous materials. Fabrication of macroporous $TiO_2$ films and hollow $TiO_2$ tubes by soft-templating and their gas sensing applications have been reported recently. In these porous materials composed of assemblies of individual micro/nanostructures, the form of links or necks between individual micro/nanostructures is a critical factor to determine gas sensing properties of the material. However, a systematic study to clarify the role of links between individual micro/nanostructures in gas sensing properties of a porous metal oxide matrix is thoroughly lacking. In this work, we have demonstrated a fabrication method to prepare highly-ordered, embossed $TiO_2$ films composed of anatase $TiO_2$ hollow hemispheres via soft-templating using polystyrene beads. The form of links between hollow hemispheres could be controlled by $O_2$ plasma etching on the bead templates. This approach reveals the strong correlation of gas sensitivity with the form of the links. Our experimental results highlight that not only the surface-to-volume ratio of an ensemble material composed of individual micro/nanostructures but also the links between individual micro/nanostructures play a critical role in evaluating the sensing properties of the material. In addition to this general finding, the facileness, large-scale productivity, and compatability with semiconductor production process of the proposed fabrication method promise applications of the embossed $TiO_2$ films to high-quality sensors.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.223-245
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• 2007

Purpose: While empirical importance of dimensionality of perceived value is widely accepted, our understanding of experiential value dimensions in other retail channels and other cultures has not been explicitly tested. This study attempted to determine if the dimensions of experiential value scale (EVS) by Mathwick, Malhotra, and Rigdon (2001) identified in US catalog and Internet contexts could be applied in other international markets (South Korea) and in other retail channels (department store versus Internet shopping mall). Methodology/Approach: Two data sets, one from 220 department store shoppers and the other from 359 Internet shopping mall shoppers, were analyzed. Findings: Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed four different EVS dimensions by retail channels. Overall, entertainment and intrinsic enjoyment values were found to be more important in department store while economic and efficiency value dimensions were interpreted critical in Internet shopping mall context. Visual appeal aspect constitutes distinct value dimension in two channels. Practical Implications: One separate dimension of time efficiency in Internet shopping mall suggests that more efficient web design and functions that can save time and promote convenience are needed to better accommodate their customers. Internet has heavily relied on traditional attributes, such as factual information, price comparability, and brand name reliance. However, this study suggests that Internet shopping mall retailer should offer visual diversion and stimulation just as brick and mortar shopping malls do. Originality /Value of Paper: Although the research findings must be viewed as tentative because the results are from one country, they provide a rich basis for further understanding the dimensions of experiential value in other international markets and other retail channels. Category: Research Paper

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1985

To find out the differences in medical practice according to the environment of patient care and managerial situation of the medical care institutions, normal spontaneous vaginal delivery and acute appendicitis were selected, which is suitable for comparison because of their high comparability. A total of 473 cases of normal spontaneous vaginal delivery and 408 cases of acute appendicitis was sampled from the claims to Korea Medical Insurance Cooperations during January to June 1984. Complicated cases were excluded from population and sampling was restricted from 40 to 60 percentile for total charges by the type of medical care facility in order to rule out the influence originating from case mix. Important items representing type and quantity of medical care service were compared by type of facility. Major findings are as follows : 1. University hospital shows the highest in charges per case and decrease in order of general hospital, and clinic. 2. In case of normal spontaneous vaginal delivery, average length of stay shows statistically significant difference by type of facility. 3. Charge amount for each service item affected by practice pattern shows statistically significant difference mostly by type of facility. It is suggested that medical practice pattern is different by type of facility for medical services. 4. Difference in total medical expenditure by type of facility is affected more with charges for materials, consumables and drugs than with fee for service activity. 5. In administering drugs to patients, hospital and clinic show higher injection rate than university and general hospital. 6. Clinical Laboratory tests were common in order of uninalysis, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, urine microscopic examination in cases of normal spontaneous vaginal delivery; white blood cell count, urinalysis, hemoglobin, hematocrit, urine microscopic examination, white blood cell differential count, in cases of acute appendicitis. 7. The result for Laboratory test and Radiologic study shows extreme difference by type of facility. Test rate is lowest in clinic and increase hospital, general hospital, and university hospital in order, both in type and frequency.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the fluid intake and output (I&O) measurement methods in order to figure out more effective and easier method for medical patients Methods: 71 hospitalized patients participated in the study. In "liquid only (LO)" method, all amount of water was summed up including any liquid types of food and IV fluids. In "whole food(WF) intake," all liquid and solid food intake and IV fluids were added up. Results: The average amount of fluid intake was 2105.29 ml for LO method and 2523.54 ml for WF method. The average amount of fluid output was 2148.98 ml. The intra-class correlations (ICC) between the intake and output measures by the two different methods was 0.803 and 0.826, respectively. The correlation between the differences of intake/output and body weight change in two different methods was r=.347 (p=.003), and r=.376 (p=.001), respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that both LO and WF method may be useful in monitoring patients' fluid balance. Given the comparability of using LO over WF, it is suggested that measuring just liquid only intake as the indicator of patient's intake is applicable in clinical setting.

• 공업화학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 1994

비결정성인 PC와 결정성인 PET를 블렌드하여 PC/PET합금을 제조하는데 있어서 PC 및 PET와 혼화성이 우수한 methylmethacrylate와 butadiene, 그리고 내충격성이 우수한 polystyrene의 block unite를 갖는 methylmethacrylate-butadiane-styrene(MBS) 공중합체를 상용화제로 사용함으로써 강인성과 내충격강도가 우수하고 PC의 함량을 15parts 이상 사용하여도 혼화성이 우수한 PC/PET 합금을 얻었다 열적 특성으로 PC/PET에 MBS를 첨가하여 얻은 alloy에 대한 PC와 PET의 Tg차이가 $60^{\circ}C$ 정도로 좁아지고 Tcc도 $150^{\circ}C$로 낮아짐으로써 혼화성이 향상되었으며 또한 PC의 함량이 15parts 이상으로 증가하여도 고속충격강도가 우수하였고 Morphology에서도 입자구조가 조밀하고 균일하게 분포되어 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.232-235
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• 2003

In general, the parameters of climate change include aerosol chemical compounds, aerosol optical depth, greenhouse gases(carbon dioxide, CFCs, methane, nitrous oxide, tropospheric ozone), ozone distribution, precipitation acidity and chemical compounds, persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals, radioactivity, solar radiation including ultra-violet and standard meteorological parameters. Over the last ten years, the monitoring activities of Korea regarding to the climate change have been progressed within the WMO GAW and ACE-Asia IOP programs centered at the observation sites of Anmyeon and Jeju Gosan islands respectively. The Greenhouse gases were pointed out that standard air quality monitoring techniques are required to enhance data comparability and that data presentation formats need to be harmonized and easily understood. Especially, the impact of atmospheric aerosols on climate depends on their optical properties, which, in turn, are a function of aerosol size distribution and the spectral reflective indices. Aerosol optical depth and single scattering albedo in the visible are used as the two basic parameters in the atmospheric temperature variation studies. The former parameter is an indicator of the attenuation power of aerosols, while the latter represents the relative strength of scattering and absorption by aerosols. For aerosols with weak absorption, surface temperature decreases as the optical depth increases because of the domination of backscattering. For aerosols with strong absorption, however, warming could occur as the optical depth increases. The objective of the study is to characterize the means, variability, and trends of Greenhouse gases and aerosol properties on a regional basis using data from its baseline observatories in Korea peninsula. A further goal is to understand the factors that control radiative forcing of the greenhouse and aerosol.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.65-79
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• 1997

This study aims to measure in-patients' willingness to choose the same hospital, and to define the related factors. The willingness was measured by the fact whether in-patients would return to the same hospital for their future hospitalization and can be said as the essence of ascertaining patients' satisfaction. Data was collected from 236 patients hospitalized in two hospitals selected according to its superiority, one being superior in medical technique, the other being superior in facility and equipment. To enhance the comparability between the two hospitals, the department and the diagnosis were matched, and structured questionnaires were self-fill-up. The main findings are as follows. Hospitals were analyzed by their superiority : medical services, facility and equipment. In case of hospitals with superior medical services, the willingness was proportional to positive doctor-patient relationship, to satisfaction with the medical level, and to the acknowledgement of utility in cure. In case of hospitals with superior facility and equipment, the willingness was proportional to the satisfactory state of overall facility. Two types of hospitals were combined and analyzed. The willingness for choosing hospitals with superior medical services was stronger than that for choosing the other hospitals. The satisfaction with overall facility, satisfaction with medical level, acknowledgement of utility in cure, positive doctor-patient relationship, and better consultation produced higher willingness to choose the same hospital. The willingness for the option shows to what degree the hospital suffices patients' expectation. Patients' understanding views were obviously influential. The satisfaction level for medical aspect was more influential than the level for non-medical aspect.