• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

The compaction grouting technique is widely used to improve the liquefaction resistance of loose sands that are liquefaction-prone. Particularly, the horizontal injection of compaction grout is proposed for the liquefiable ground with an overlying structure as it does not allow the vertical compaction grouting. However, there has been limited number of researches on the horizontal compaction grouting. Therefore, this study explores the grout bulb shape and expansion direction in loose sand. A series of scaled two-dimensional experiments on the horizontal compaction grouting was conducted varying the overburden stress. The results show that the grout bulb grows in an elliptical shape though its directivity of major axis changes with the overburden effective stress and relative density. The grout bulb expands faster in a horizontal direction under a low overburden stress with a small relative density. The higher overburden stress and the greater relative density cause the more circular shape with the faster expansion in a vertical direction. The presented finding is expected to contribute to accurate and efficient design of the horizontal compaction grouting method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1073-1080
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• 1997

The stage 1 compaction behavior of tool steel powder under die pressing was studied. The friction effects between the powder and the die wall under different die pressing modes were also investigated. The elastoplastic constitutive equations based on the yield functions by Fleck et al. and by Shima and Oyane were implemented into a finite element program to simulate die compaction processes. Finite element calculations were compared with experimental data for densification and density distribution of tool steel powder under single and double action die pressing. Finite element calculations using the yield function by Fleck et al. agreed better with experimental data than by Shima and Oyane.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.390-393
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• 2008

In this research, we introduce a new process for the consolidation of different types of powders such as metal and ceramic powders by using a magnetic pulsed compaction (MPC). The successful consolidation of many kinds of powers including nanopowder by MPC has been presented. A wide range of experimental studies were carried out for characterizing mechanical properties and microstructure of the MPCed materials. It was found that effective properties of high strength and full density maintaining nanoscal microstructure were achieved. finally, optimization of the compaction parameters and sintering conditions could lead to the good consolidation of powders (metal, ceramic, nano-powder) with higher density, and even further enhanced mechanical properties.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2014

In this study, nanocrystalline nickel powders were cold compacted by a dynamic compaction method using a single-stage gas gun system. A bending test was conducted to measure the bonding strengths of the compacted regions and microstructures of the specimen were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy. The specimen was separated into two parts by a horizontal crack after compaction. Density test shows that the powder compaction occurred only in the upper part of the specimen. Brittle fracture was occurred during the bending test of the compact sample. Dispersion of shock energy due to spalling highly affected the bonding status of the nanocrystalline nickel powder.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

Dynamic compaction (DC) is a useful method for improvement of granular soils. The method is based on falling a tamper (weighting 5 to 40 ton) from the height of 15 to 30 meters on loose soil that results in stress distribution, vibration of soil particles and desirable compaction of the soil. Propagation of the waves during tamping affects adjacent structures and causes structural damage or loss of performance. Therefore, determination of the safe or critical distance from tamping point to prevent structural hazards is necessary. According to FHWA, the critical distance is defined as the limit of a particle velocity of 76 mm/s. In present study, the ABAQUS software was used for numerical modeling of DC process and determination of the safe distance based on particle velocity criterion. Different variables like alluvium depth, relative density, and impact energy were considered in finite element modeling. It was concluded that for alluvium depths less than 10 m, reflection of the body waves from lower boundaries back to the soil and resonance phenomenon increases the critical distance. However, the critical distance decreases for alluvium depths more than 10 m. Moreover, it was observed that relative density of the alluvium does not significantly influence the critical distance value.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.22 no.B
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• pp.191-197
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• 2002

This paper is experimental and numerical research results of performing centrifuge model tests to investigate the geotechnical engineering behavior of slag compaction pile as a substitute of sand compaction pile. In order to find the geotechnical engineering characteristics of the soft clay and the slag used in centrifuge model experiments, basic soil property tests, consolidation test, permeability tests and triaxial compression tests were performed. For centrifuge model tests, slags with changing relative density were used and their bearing capacity, stress concentrations in between pile and soft clay, settlement characteristics, and failure modes were investigated. As a results of centrifuge model tests, it was found that the bearing, capacity of model was increased with increasing density of slag pile and general shear failures were occured. Miniature soil pressure gauges were installed on model pile and soft ground respectively and thus vertical stress acting on them were measured. Stress concentration ratio was found to be in the range of 2.0~3.0. Bearing capacity obtained from the model test with slag was greater than that from the model test with a sand having the identical layout to each other. Thus it was confirmed the slag was an appropriate substitution of pile for sand.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2002

The effects of ball-milling time(0 ~4 hrs) have been investigated on the change of powder characteristics, compaction behavior (compaction pressure range : 200 ~400MPa) and sinterability (1700'c in Ha atmosphere) of two different UO$_2$ powders (ex-ADU and ex-AUC) prepared by the wet process. It is observed that, while the ex-ADU UO$_2$ was little affected, the ex-AUC UO$_2$ was largely affected by the ball-milling treatment. This may be attributed to the characteristics of particle size formed during the preparation step, i.e.., the former has a small average size of about 1.0${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, while the latter has a relatively large average size of about 301n. It appeared that the effective size reduction by ball-milling treatment is limited to the particle size larger than l${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and to the extent of maximum decrease in size of about 0.5tn. In the case of ex-AUC UO$_2$, it is observed that the particle size decreased with ball-milling time and green density and sintered density of the pellets prepared from ball-milled powder increased compared with those of pellets prepared from the as-received powder under the same conditions. This may be attributed mainly to the fine particles formed during the ball-milling treatment.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2011

The present investigation was performed on the die compaction and sintering behavior of Fe micro-nano mixed powder with a mixed binder for powder injection molding. Warm die compaction of the feedstock for simulation of the static injection molding process was conducted using a cylindrical mold of 10 mm diameter at $100^{\circ}C$ under 4MPa. The die compaction of the micro-nanopowder feedstock underwent a uniform molding behavior showing a homogeneous distribution of nanopowders among the micropowders without porosity and distortion. After debinding, the powder compact maintained a uniform structure without crack and distortion, leading to a high green density of 64.2% corresponding to the initial powder loading of 65%. The sintering experiment showed that the micro-nanopowder compact underwent a near full and isotropic densification process during sintering. It was observed that the nanopowders effectively suppressed the growth of micropowder grains during densification process. Conclusively, the use of nanopowder for PIM feedstock might provide a new concept for processing a full density PIM parts with fine microstructure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.1296-1297
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• 2006

Both plastic and elastic properties change dramatically from the beginning to the end of the compaction phase. Previous investigations have shown that powder transfer and high powder flow during initial compaction at low density affects the strength of the final component significantly. Investigated here are shear failure and elastic shear modulus in the low density range for hard metal powder and for pre-alloyed water atomized iron powder. Direct shear test equipment for sand and clay has been modified to measure the shearing properties of powder for an axial loading between 1 kPa and 500 kPa.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.479-487
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• 2022

This study evaluates the performance of gravel impact compaction piers system (GICPs) in strengthening retrofitting a very loose silty sand layer with a very high liquefaction risk with a thickness of 3.5 meters in a multilayer coastal soil located in Bushehr, Iran. The liquefiable sandy soil layer was located on clay layers with moderate to very stiff relative consistency. Implementation of gravel impact compaction piers is a new generation of aggregate piers. After technical and economic evaluation of the site plan, out of 3 experimental distances of 1.8, 2 and 2.2 meters between compaction piers, the distance of 2.2 meters was selected as a winning option and the northern ring of the site was implemented with 1250 gravel impact compaction piers. Based on the results of the standard penetration test in the matrix soil around the piers showed that the amount of (N₁)₆₀ in compacted soils was in the range of 20-27 and on average 14 times the amount of (1-3) in the initial soil. Also, the relative density of the initial soil was increased from 25% to 63% after soil improvement. Also the safety factor of the improved soil is 1.5-1.7 times the minimum required according to the two risk levels in the design.