• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.10 no.4 s.33
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• pp.34-40
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• 2006

This paper provides a fusion technology between a district cooling energy system and an environment conservation policy based on the energy savings and reusable cold energy resources. The district heating and cooling systems are very effective ways for an energy saving, a cost reduction and a safety control. It is necessary to equalize the energy savings and an environmental preservation policy for an improved human lift. A gasification process of a liquefied natural gas, cooling water from deep seawater and an ice water thermal storage system may produce a cold energy. A district cooling system is used to cool an apartment, office buildings and factory facilities with a cooling energy supply pipeline. LNG cooling energy will switch a conventional air-conditioning system, which is operated by on electrical energy and a Freon refrigerant. Coincident with significant clean energy and operating cost savings, LNG cold energy system owen radical reductions in an air-borne pollutant, $CO_2$ and the release of environmentally harmful refrigerants compared with that of the conventional air-conditioning system. This study provides useful information on the fusion technology of a LNG cold energy usage and energy savings, and environmental conservation.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.192-199
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• 2015

Under the economic banner of "self-reliance," North Korea has focused on hydro and thermal power as its main energy supply sources. However, in the face of extreme energy penury caused by machinery and material supply instability in the wake of the collapse of the former communist block as well as equipment aging and deterioration due to floods and other disasters, North Korea and international aid organizations are increasingly turning their attention toward energy source diversification. In particular, renewable energy is recognized as the best strategic energy source for North Korea and it is a decentralized energy option that is suitable in light of North Korea's power distribution networks and its pursuit of self-reliance. Biogas can contribute to improving the human rights situation of North Koreans in conjunction with an increase in food production. For this reason, renewable energy is the most promising option for an energy source that is likely to secure humanitarian aid from international organizations such as the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the World Food Programme (WFP). However, the implementation of such humanitarian aid has been hampered by rising concerns about the diversion of provided energy materials for military purposes and the disguised introduction of dual use items strategic materials as well as UN Security Council resolutions and sanctions of the international community against North Korea's military provocation, including nuclear tests and missile launches. This paper explores the possibility of solving this dilemma and proceeding with the humanitarian aid to North Korea by evaluating the potential for sanction and the risk of diversion of the possible products for biogas-related aid on the basis of the list of UN-sanctioned items.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.159-173
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the conditions of neighborhood facilities for the elderly, paying special attention to the accelerated aging phenomenon in rural areas of Korea. We contrived a new index to measure spatial accessibility for people aged over 65 years, and we analyzed spatial accessibility by focusing on community facilities: public bath facilities, beauty shops, rural public facilities, markets, big stores, and large-scale retail shops. The most outstanding spatial accessibility among community facilities was found with the rural public facilities thanks to governmental installing adequate facilities in the past, followed by the beauty shops and the public bath facilities. In contrast, spatial accessibility of the markets was in the lowest. Spatial accessibility of community facilities for the elderly exhibited high variability among the rural areas. We confirmed significant inequality of spatial accessibility in all facilities we studied. The areas that had better spatial accessibility diverse combinations of the facilities. The areas that had worse spatial accessibility were, on the whole, consistent with traditional undeveloped regions. In the near future rational planning of facilities will be needed to supply adequate accessibility in targeted areas which currently had low accessibility. In order to improve the spatial accessibility of neighborhood facilities, the most essential factor is to take into account the geographical distribution patterns of rural settlements.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2018

Objectives: With the increasing number of single households and so-called Honbab-jok, those who eat alone, people tend to enjoy convenient and simple meals, such as single dish meals. This study was performed to provide data on the energy and nutrient content, and nutritional adequacy of single-dish meal. Methods: From the literature reviews, 61 types of single-dish meals were selected, and divided into 4 groups (steamed rice, noodle, porridge, and sandwich burger), and a further 11 sub-groups (bibimbab, fried rice, topped rice, rolled rice/ warm noodle, cold noodle, seasoned noodle, dukgook/ porridge/, and sandwich, burger). In addition, 382 junior high school students from Gyeonggi, Sejong, Jeonbuk, and Chungnam areas were recruited for the survey. The survey questionnaires were composed of the characteristics, preference, and intake frequency of single-dish meals. The representative energy content (arithmetic mean) of single-dish meals were calculated, and compared with the energy contents of preference and intake frequency-weighted values adjusted. The representative nutrient contents, energy contribution ratio, and INQ (index of nutritional quality) of a single-dish meal were calculated for a nutritional adequacy evaluation. Results: The study subjects considered a single-dish meal as tasty, simple and fast to prepare, inexpensive, nutritious, and no low calorie food. The preference scores of all but 1 sub-group of singledish meals were ${\geq}5.00$ (5.00~5.97), and 1 sub-group (porridge) was 4.67 on a 7-point scale. The intake frequency of 11 sub-groups were 0.31~1.71/week, porridge was the lowest at 0.31 and warm noodles was the highest at 1.71. Fried rice, rolled rice, and warm noodle' intake frequency were ${\geq}1/week$. The representative energy of steamed rice, noodle, sandwich burger were 443, 429, and 428 kcal, respectively, and that of porridge was 264 kcal. Less than 5% differences in the representative energy of 4 groups were observed when adjusted for the preference or intake frequency-weighted values. The energy contribution ratio of macro-nutrients calculations showed that porridge was a high carbohydrate and low fat food, whereas sandwich burger were high fat and low carbohydrate foods. The INQ of calcium and vitamin C were less than 1.0 in all 4 food groups, but the INQ of protein and thiamin were > 1.0 in all 4 single-dish food groups. Conclusions: The representative energy in the 4 groups of single-dish meal was 264~450 kcal, which is a rather low calorie meal, and the energy contribution ratio of macro-nutrients were inadequate. The protein and thiamin levels were sufficient but the calcium and vitamin C levels were insufficient in all 4 groups of a single-dish meal judged by the INQ. The additional intake of fruits and milk dairy products between meals with a single-dish meal, supply of calcium and vitamin C may increase, which will result in an improved nutritional balance.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.101-105
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• 2014

Three magnesium compounds, $MgO_2$, MgO, and $Mg(OH)_2$, which are supposed to supply oxygen continuously, were applied onto contaminated bay sediment and its ecology in order to activate the local microbial flora. Those compounds were found to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (T-N), and total phosphorus (T-P). Magnesium oxide, in particular, reduced COD by 30% and T-N and T-P considerably. All compounds also suppressed the release of pollutants in the order $MgO_2$, MgO, and $Mg(OH)_2$. Analysis of microbial flora showed that the microbial group treated by $MgO_2$ and $Mg(OH)_2$ was predictably stable; meanwhile, that treated by MgO increased the number of species, but decreased the total number of microorganisms.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2002

This paper suggests a new paradigm of science and technology (S&T) policy for the purpose of the new national development that pursues not the scale expansion of a industrial production but the qualitative enhancement of industrial and S&T comparativeness. The new S&T policy paradigm includes new policy directions such as the density increasement of high quality- brain power and the energy supply for crossing the threshold from imitative R&D to creative R&D. Also, this paper argues that it is necessary not only to acquire the support of the local S&T community and policy-makers on the new S&T policy paradigm, but also to develop and implement policy measures in details on the basis of the new paradigm suggested by the paper.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.471-481
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to analyze the long-term trends for the outlook for job development in the forestry sector and to identify supply and demand on job markets. Due to the results of the studies of the forest area would be focused on area of forest therapy and guide, forest biomass research, researcher on prevention & control of forest pests, technician for forest protection, expert in forest disaster prevention, investigating of overseas tree species, and similarly the qualification items should be given more in trees and or bio-energy producer, forest saver and preventer, forest therapist and guide, tree pesticide doctor, forestry job regulator, etc. The main implication of the study result is that the reason of climate changes, environment pollutions and green-energy productivity would push the conditions of job market trend in forest workforce area.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.539-547
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• 2019

Recently, the international community signed a climate change agreement to prevent global warming. Yet currently, the fossil fuels have been widely used in to supply building energy for cooling and heating. The Green Building certification (G-SEED), an energy efficiency rating for new or existing buildings requires that buildings meet certain conditions. Insulation is used as a building material to reduce the energy supply to buildings and to improve the thermal insulation, and it accounts for more than 90% of the total heat resistance provided by the building surface components that meet the energy-saving design standards of new buildings. In this investigation, a performance evaluation study was conducted through an experimental study by directly extracting the foam polystyrene insulation on-site during the remodeling of a building that was in the range of 22~38 years old. Through tests, it was found that the thermal conductivity of the extrusion method insulation (XPS) was reduced by 48% and the compressive strength of XPS decreased by 36% compared to KS M 3808, which is the initial quality standard. For bead method insulation (EPS) with a thickness of 50mm, the thermal conductivity, the compressive strength, and flexural failure load were similar to the initial quality standard. Therefore, in the calculation of the primary energy requirement per unit area per year, the performance of bead method insulation can be estimated simply by considering the thickness of the insulation, while a correction factor that considers its performance deterioration should be applied when extrusion method insulation is used.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.317-330
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to figure out the characteristics of dietary habits and lifestyles related to the development of insulin resistance syndrome(IRS). The participants in this study were 595 adults with one or more abnormal data from a health examination and 215 normal adults. When IRS was defined as a condition in which the subjects have 2 or more abnormalities among obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia, the prevalence rate was 37.8%. We classified the 595 adults by the number of components of IRS components they had, the higher age and obesity index they had. Total cholesterol and glucose levels in the blood were also positively related to the number of IRS components. IRS subjects tended to practice less habitual drinking and more exercise and weight control. Coffee consumption and dining out frequency were also lower in the IRS group. An analysis of food habits by odds ratio indicated that total food score was better in the IRS group. However, it appeared that food habits such as \"frequent snacking\" and \"never rejecting offered foods\" need to be improved in IRS subjects. Other undesirable food habits were related to the consumption of eggs, dairy products, fried foods, garlic and onion. Dietary intake of Ca, Fe, riboflavin, Vit A, and energy were less than 75% of the Korean recommended allowance for more than half of the subjects. Nutrient intake was lower, Ca/P ratio from food intake was worse in the IRS group. Our results indicated that nutrition counseling for IRS need to be focused on balanced food intake to supply sufficient amount of each nutrient.nt of each nutrient.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2016

This study describes the spatio-temporal distributions in phytoplankton community such as species composition, standing crops and dominant species from April to November 2008 in the Uljin Marine Ranching Area (UMRA). A total of 123 species of phytoplankton belonging to 67 genera was identified. In particular, diatoms and dinoflagellates were occupied more than 60.5% and 34.6% of total species, respectively. The annual dominant species were Thalassiosira sp., Pseudo-nitzschia pungens in spring, Leptocylindrus danicus, Guinardia striata in early summer, Cheatoceros cirvisetus, Ch. decipiens in early autumn and Skeletonema costatum -ls (like species), Pn. pungens in autumn. Phytoplankton cell density fluctuated with an annual mean of $48cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ between the lowest value of $1.8cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ in early autumn and the highest value of $240cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ in spring. According to the cluster analysis, the phytoplankton community of the UMRA was characterized by the nutrient supply from land side and water movement as current.