Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
/
v.27
no.1
/
pp.1-8
/
2002
Pest control is required for protecting the food supply and for controlling disease vectors. Unfortunately, there is no perfectly safe form of pest control. Pesticides are commonly used for pest control. Pesticides are defined under the US Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act(FIFRA) as any substance or mixture of substances intended to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate pests, and any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or dessicant(40 CFR Part 152). Currently in the United States, there are 890 active ingredients registered as pesticides. Approximately one billion pounds of active ingredient are used in the US per year. Unlike most chemicals(anti-neoplastic and anti-micobial medications are the principal exceptions), pesticides are specifically designed to kill and cause harm. Because society allows these chemicals to be disseminated into the environment, it is important to monitor the health effects associated with these releases. This represents an important justification for establishing and maintaining surveillance systems for acute pesticide-related illness and injury. A comprehensive, national surveillance system for acute pesticide-related illness and injury does not currently exist in the US. Although the United States has several surveillance systems for this condition, none provide a complete understanding of the problem of acute pesticide-related illness and injury. The Toxic Exposure Surveillance System(TESS) and Bureau of Labor Statisitics(BLS) are useful for assessing magnitude and trends. The state-based surveillance systems are more useful for timely identification of outbreaks and emerging problems. Efforts are underway to increase the number of states that conduct surveillance, and to broaden the use of the standardized case definition to facilitate aggregation of data across states. Through such efforts, a comprehensive, national surveillance system may be attainable.
The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
/
v.5
/
pp.11-23
/
2004
The purpose of this study was to analyze the internet usage patterns among adolescents and to provide basic data for the development of internet addiction prevention program. The subjects of this study were 1169 students in middle and high school students in Seoul, Korea. Self-administered questionnaires were employed and data were analysed by SPSS 12.0. Major conclusions were as follows: 1. Most of the students were found to be the normal internet users. On the other hand, potential risk group was 8.2% and high risk group was 4.7%. Every students have had an experience of inter use. The 90.6% of the students' households had internet links. The percentage of students who were using internet more than 3 hours a day was 25.7%, and The most popular type of website was entertainment. 2. Male students showed greater percentages of potential risk and high risk group than female students. The students having parents in divorce, remarriage and separation were more likely to be in potential risk group than those having normal parents. The staying alone in home after school and small sleeping time were positively related to high level of internet addiction. 3. The characteristics of the students in potential risk and high risk group were longer duration of the internet use, internet use through the whole week, frequent internet use late at night, frequent use of pornographic site, main purpose of internet use for entertainment and shortage of rest during internet use. This study results had an limitation of generalizing to entire Korean adolescents because the sample of this study was middle and high school students living in Seoul. Future study was needed for the analysis of internet use behavior of the entire Korean adolescents, and for the identification of the accurate predictors for adolescents' internet addiction.
The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in dietary consumption patterns according to the exercise level of Korean adults. The study subjects were the 7,370 Koreans aged 20 years and older of the 1998 Korean Health and Nutrition Survey. The dietary assessment was conducted by means of the 24 hour recall method. Data for individual exercise behavior were collected by interviews as part of the National Health Behavior Survey. Following the analysis of variances the Duncan's Multiple Range Test was used to test the differences in food and nutrient intakes among groups with different levels of exercise. Current exercise practices were reported by 22% of the male subjects and 15% of the female subjects. Unlike observations from the American and European studies, a greater amount of meat intake was observed more frequently among high exercises group than among middle and low exercisers in the case of the male subjects. This was reflected in the increasing levels of protein and fat intake in proportion to the exercise levels. However, the food and nutrient intake patterns of female exercisers were quite different from those of the males. The least intake of fatty foods was observed among the high exercisers. Energy intake from fat was the lowest among the high exercisers. These results may imply that the motivation to exercise was quite different between male and female Koreans. This dietary pattern may have a risk of undernution. Summerizing the results, whatever the motivation of the exercise, the Korean exercisers of both sexes had unhealthy dietary pattern. Therefore, nutritional education should be conducted to encourage the eating of a balanced diet along with exercise, among Koreans of both sexes, in order to promote a healthy lifestyle.
Objectives: Adulterated food education in adolescence period is very important because dietary management related to food safety is not made in a short period. This study aimed to identify dietary lifestyle factors which drive adulterated food management among middle and high school students. Methods: Data was collected from 270 middle and high school students in Daegu using a self-administered questionnaire in March and April of 2015. Data was analyzed using frequency analysis, one-way analysis of variance, ${\chi}^2$-test, factor analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, and cluster analysis. Results: The results of factor analysis indicated that adulterated food management awareness was classified into necessity, difficulty, and food purchasing anxiety. The adulterated food management capability was sub-grouped into environmental grasp, food identification, cooking hygiene, and situation management. The adulterated food management efficacy composed of management confidence, action intention, and knowledge. Dietary lifestyle comprised of gustation, family, and health factors after factor analysis, and it consisted of all seeking group, gustation seeking group, family seeking group, health seeking group, and family and health seeking group after cluster analysis. The gustation, family and health factors were significantly affected the factors of awareness, capability and efficacy of adulterated food management (p < 0.05). The frequency of health conditions, helping with meal preparation, and the times of eating out were significantly different according to seeking groups of dietary lifestyle (p < 0.01). The scores of awareness, capability and efficacy of adulterated food management of family and health seeking group were significantly higher than the other seeking groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that adulterated food management education programs should account for gustation, family and health factors of dietary lifestyle to be effective for adolescents.
Objectives: The objective of this study was developing a community-based HIV prevention program to enhance the safe sexual behavior among rural Ethiopian female youth. Methods: A community-based HIV prevention program was developed using the Cox's Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior. The program development was carried out in four phases using a mixed research method: need-assessment which consisted of three steps (secondary-data analysis, key-informant interview, and focused-group interview); identification of preliminary program contents; expert's review of the program contents for the validity and cultural acceptability of the program; and refinement of the proposed program contents. Results: The HIV prevention program developed in this study consisted of three modules; the first module was for enhancing the youth's self-esteem, the second was for providing the youth with information regarding HIV/AIDS and safe sexual behavior, and the third was for improving the youth's communication skills and refusing skills. Conclusions: The need assessment and expert's review was very effective way to reflect sociocultural factors of rural Ethiopia for developing HIV prevention program for female youth. Further research is desirable for verifying the effectiveness of the developedprogram.
Cho, Insook;Choi, Won Ja;Choi, Woan Heui;Kim, Min Kyeong
Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
/
v.19
no.3
/
pp.345-356
/
2013
Purpose: To provide clear estimates of the adoption and use of electronic nursing records (ENRs) with standard terminology in Korea and identification of the scope and use as well as perceived or potential benefits of ENRs. Methods: A survey was done of 733 hospitals at three levels: tertiary advanced hospitals, general hospitals, and community hospitals. After performing a literature review a modified version of an existing survey tool was used for 2 months in 2012. The collected information related to EHR functionality and coverage of nursing documentation and nursing process, application of standard terminology, and perceived satisfaction and benefits of ENRs. Results: The response rate was 39.4% (289/733), and 202 hospitals (70.1%, 95% CI64.8~75.5%) of the respondents had ENR systems (82.5% of tertiary hospitals, 66.7% of general hospitals, and 70.1% of community hospitals). Out of these hospitals less than 10% had ENRs fully covering nursing documentation. The adoption rate of standard terminology was 55%, and hospital satisfaction with ENRs was 70%. But personalized care was identified as needing improvement in ENRs. Conclusion: The ENR adoption rate was high but there are many potential opportunities for improving ENR systems in terms of the data standardization and personalized care.
The purpose of this study was to understand the structure of the lived experience by poor elderly people. The research question was 'What is the structure of the lived experience of life of a poor elderly people.' The sample consisted of 21 single poor elderly persons in Pusan. The unstructured interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed using the Van Kaam method. This study was 368 responses which yielded of descriptive expressions and priority classifications. The result generated 74 common elements, 18 syntheses of hypothetical definitions and 5 identifications of the structural definition. The structural definitions and hypothetical definitions were as follows; 1. physical discomfort ; complaints of severe pain ; dysfunction of physical organs 2. emotional cognition ; despair ; resignation ; attitude toward death 3. support system ; interaction with family ; thinking about God ; economical difficulties ; expectancy of social services ; opinions about health service ; leisure ; interaction with neighborhood ; dissatisfaction due to inadequate environment 4. past reminiscence ; negative reminiscence of one's past ; past regret ; positive reminiscence of one's past 5. desire ; desire of unrealization life ; self satisfaction The significance of this study for nursing are; Comprehension of the lived experience of client and identification' of nursing approach method concerning the lifestyle of client.
The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
/
v.2
no.1
/
pp.53-65
/
2001
The purposes of this study were to collect basic data on education of Sexuality(Health education) of consciousness & value of sexuality of elementary school children. 584,6th grade students in elementary school in Yong-In city were analysed and the results are as follow; 1. Knowledges of sexuality for children was at a average level, especially "physical change of puberty" and "sexual violence" were well recognized but "the physical characteristics of male & female" and "physiological phenomena of men" were less recognized. Attitudes of sexuality were positive for "relationship with partners" and "expression of mind". Practices of sexuality were at a low rate in the case of "shaking hands with partner" and "experience of sexual behavior". The Value of sexuality was at a high rates in the case of "the role of sex", "equality" & "self-identification", therefore students need good education of sexuality from childhood 2. Sexuality education of students increased knowledges of sexuality as a consciousness. There was no relationship between attitudes and pratices of sexuality. Educated children valued sexuality move highly than uneducated children. This result shows that education is needed with regard to both the knowledge and value of sexuality in a planned system. We need some program to provide more information on sexual attitudes and practices. 3. There was a high correlation between the consciousness of sexuality and value placed on it. As sexual awareness increases amongst students codes of morality develop Positive sexual attitudes served as good role models for sex. In particular positive sexual attitudes have a big effect on sexual values. In addition, as sexual awareness and attitude increase amongst students the role of sexual development. The elementary school phase sexual values are developed and determined. It is therefore an important phase.
Taxonomic composition and diversity were wxamined by statistical analysis for bacterial communities in surface waters of the Sudong Stream, a tributary of North Han River. For total 282 isolates, Flavobacterium, Aeromonas and Enterobacteriaceae was identified by the deterministic schemes as a major group above 50% of total isolates in all sampling sites. Morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics were numerically analyzed for bacterial isolates from each site and clustered into 15-28 groups. Not all statistically clustered groups were identical to the groups derived from deterministic identification. Especially, consistent relationship was not found in dendrograms for the groups with each a single strain which gas peculiar sugar-degrading activity. At a level of 80% similarity, bacterial diversity (H) was ranged as 2.37-3.14, and it was suggested that the research area was oligotrophic-mesotrophic status. Regional distribution of bacterial community was most heterogeneous at the site where large input of allochthonous materials or bacteria were occurred. And that was the significant factor for the compositions of bacterial communities in the Sudong stream.
The Computer-assisted Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point(HACCP) program has been developed for a systematic implementation of HACCP principles in identifying, assessing and controlling hazards in institutional foodservics operations. The HACCP-based sanitation evaluation tool has been developed, based on the results of the computerized assisted HACCP program in 4 service sites of C contracted foodservice company, including 2 general hospitals with 650-beds, one office operation of 400 meals per day, and one factory foodservice of 1,000 meals per day. All database files and processing programs were created by using Unify Vision tool with Windows 95 of user environments. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. This program consists of the pre-stage for HACCP study and the implementation stage of the HACCP system. 1) The pre-stage for HACCP study includes the selection of menu items, the development of the HACCP recipe, the construction of product flow diagrams, and printing the HACCP recipes and product flow diagrams. 2) The implementation of the HACCP system includes the identification of microbiological hazards, the determination of critical control points based on the decision tree base files. 3) The HACCP-based sanitation evaluation tool consisted of 3 dimensions of time-temperature relationship, personal hygiene, and equipment-facility sanitation. The Cronbach's alphas calculation indicated that the tool was reliable. The results showed that the focus groups rated the mean of importance in time-temperature relationship, personal hygiene, and equipment-facility sanitation as 4.57, 4.59 and 4.55 respectively. Based on the results, this HACCP-based sanitation evaluation tool was considered as an effective tool for assuring product quality. This program will assist foodservice managers to encourage a standardized approach in the HACCP study and to maintain a systematic approach for ensuring that the HACCP principles are applied correctly.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.